Steel Construction - New Development & Chalenges

7/5/2019
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
NEW DEVELOPMENT & CHALLENGES
Institute for Steel Devlopmnet & Growth
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Iron & Steel and its Classification
History of Steel & Steel making
History of Steel in the World
Why Steel & Its Advantages
Benefits of Steel Framed Structures
Latest Trends in Steel Construction
Constraints in Steel Construction
Sustainability of Steel Structures
Institute for Steel Development & Growth
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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Steel in Building in India
Steel Consumption- Indian Scenario
Some Innovative Application
Iron & Steel
Two items
Iron
Steel
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Iron Making
Extraction of Metallic Iron from Iron Ore
Energy - Coking Coal
- Natural Gas
Iron Making
Processes
• Coke oven – Sinter plant – BF
• Direct Reduction
• Other processes
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Iron & Steel Making
Iron Ore
Blast Furnace
Pig Iron
Smelted, Re-melted, Poured Smelted (separate the

Hammered, Re- into sand moulds metallic constituents),
heated, Rolled Alloyed, Rolled
Wrought Iron Cast Iron Mild Iron ( Steel)
Classification of Iron
Iron manufactured through Coke Oven Route
• Pig
• Cast
• Wrought
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Pig Iron
High Carbon Content
• Brittle
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Tough
Character can be changed by varying chemical composition
Cast Iron
White / Grey
• Brittle
• Low MP
• Castable
• Easy flow-ability
• Excellent Machinable
• Resistance to deformation
• Wear Resistant
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Wrought Iron
Low Carbon Content

Slag inclusion
• Tough
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Weldable
History of Steel & Steel Making
Cast Iron Strong but brittle

(1780-1840) Arch shaped bridges upto 30 m span
The Iron Bridge crossing the River Severn in England-
first major bridge in the world made of cast iron for
Pedestrian traffic.
Wrought Iron Transformation of cast pig iron into a low-carbon

(1840-1890) content wrought iron
The Eiffel Tower - a wrought-iron lattice tower

IRON Pillar in Delhi
Blister Steel Increased carbon content in molten pig iron –
cementation process
The Bessemer More effective way to introduce oxygen into molten

Process and iron to reduce the carbon content.
Modern
Steelmaking
(1870-1920)
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Steel
Steel:
- an alloy of Iron and various metals
Steel:
- Mild Steel
- Stainless Steel
Classification Steel
Steel
Mild Steel Stainless Steel
Low Carbon Low Alloy
Medium Carbon Medium Alloy

High Alloy
High Carbon
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Steel
Mild Steel:
An alloy of
• Iron
• Carbon
• Sulphur
• Silicon
• Manganese
• Phosphorus
Steel
Stainless Steel
An alloy of
• Iron
• Carbon
• Manganese
• Phosphorus
• Chromium
• Nickel
• Molybdenum
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Steel
Different Modes
• Liquid Steel
• Crude Steel
• Ingots
• Finished Steel
• Saleable Steel
Steel
Longs
Single & Double Angles Star Angles Rod Cable
I-Section Channel
(Joist / Beam) Built-up Sections
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Main Use of Steel
Mild Steel
• Construction
• Housing
• Transportation
Special Steel
• Engineering
* Power Plant
* Petrochem
* Fertilizer etc.
Steel
Products
Flats Longs
• Plates (>+5 mm thick) • Angles
• Sheets (<+5 mm thick) • Beams
• Strips • Channels
• Rebars
• Rails
• Wire Rods
• Bars & Rods
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History of Steel Building in the World
Ditherington Flax Mill in England

First iron-framed building in
the world built in 1797
The E.V. Haughwout Building in

Manhattan – Cast iron used in Facing
& Columns - built in 1840
The First Leiter building by William Le

Baron Jenney was a Chicago commercial
structure built in 1879
with Cast Column and wrought iron
beams
The structural design marked an evolution in the

design of structural systems in the John
Hancock Center - First. “trussed tube” structure .
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The Willis Tower designed by Khan-

Graham 110-story, 442.1 m
skyscraper in Chicago - built in 1974
- nine bundled structural tubes resting
on reinforced concrete caissons that go
down to bedrock.
Javit Convention Centre by I M Pei built

in 1986 - exposed structural system
Harmonization of glass, steel, and
concrete
World Trade Centre – by Minoru

Yamasaki, Emery Roth -framed Tube
system, hollow tube made of Heavy steel
box column. Columns were welded to
steel beam at each floor creating a stiff
Lattice like structure.
Railway Station in Station of 19th

Century
3 hinged Arch in Roof
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But Why Steel??????
Because…
 It is graceful yet strong
 It can be bent, moulded and shaped
 It can be sculpted for aesthetics and punched to

create openings
 It makes the building compact
 It can be stretched to a greater extent for large span

structures
 Modifications after construction becomes simplistic

 Speed of construction is enhanced
 It is resistant to wear and tear.
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Benefits…
 Flexibility in design, speedy construction, better
quality and aesthetics
 Cleaner worksite with less wastage
 Superior strength, toughness and ductility, High

strength to weight ratio, Resistant to fatigue.
 Greater flexibility for maintenance, change of use

and replacement and fully recyclable
Benefits…
 Permits large span construction
 It is an ideal material in earthquake prone locations due to

high strength and ductility, lesser weight and uniform
quality.
 It allows for reduced frame construction time and the ability

to construct in all seasons.
 It is eco-friendly and has a lower life cycle cost
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Steel as Blending Material…
 Steel & Concrete - Composite material for columns,

slabs and beams to satisfy versatile requirements.
 Steel & Glass - Material in combination for facades

and interiors
 Steel & FRP – In combination has several applications
 Steel & Aluminium – Roofing, Cladding etc.
 Steel & Rubber – A deadly combination for bearings
 Steel & Wood
Application…
 Steel as a Structural Element:- Hot rolled, Cold

rolled, tubular, reinforcement, sheets, plates,
compound girders etc..
 Steel in Architecture:- Finishes, joinery, canopies,

ceiling systems, ornamental/decorative cladding,
grills/screens, panelling, signages, curtain walls,
fittings to carry heavy loads, etc...
 Steel in Monuments:- Speed of construction is

enhanced
 Steel in Other Areas:- Automotives, Vessels, etc…
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Harmonious co-existing Segment
 Steel & Concrete

 Most widely used structural composite material
 Steel sections encased in concrete are being
used as composite columns to carry heavy
loads.
 Steel Concrete composite slabs and beams are
effectively used.
 Steel & Glass

 In the facade of the building for glazing and
curtain walling
 In the interiors for partitions
Advances In Steel Quality

 High Performance Structural Steels
 Fire Resistance Steels
 Corrosion Resistant Steels
 Cladded/Coated Steels
 Steels for Seismic Resistance Applications
VARIOUS SHAPES
 Wide Flange & Parallel Flange Sections
 Cold Formed Structural Sections
 Hollow Structural Tubes
 High Tensile Wire Ropes
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Design
Speed of Flexibility & High Strength
Construction Efficiency
Design Sustainable Innovative

Flexibility
Modifiable Efficient Reliable &

Predictable
Achievable Design Feats
 Challenging designs should be to easy for

fabrication and erection as well as dismantling.
 Bestpractices of designs and constructions shall be

adhered to.
 SteelStructures are usually 10-15% costlier than

conventional RCC Structure but saves about 30-40%
Construction time.
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 Steel is basically used in the skeleton of the

Structure as beam and column.
 Steel framed structures are optimum when designed

with gravity loads only (Dead / Live / Service loads).
 Centrally placed RCC Core withstands Horizontal

forces (wind / seismic).
 Use of long span section with steel for buildings creates

large, open and flexible spaces.
 Using steel columns instead of concrete ones could deliver

additional floor area.
 Thin floor systems allow appreciable gains in vertical space.

 Steel members can be readily replaced or reassembled,
offers design flexibility.
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Latest Trends of Steel Constructions
Modern Construction Methodology

Composite Floor System
• Serviceability Conditions including the vibration

• Architectural aspects
• Structural strength verifications
• Material and Geometric properties
• Profiled steel sheets are available with embossments
acting as Composite Flooring System
Composite Technology
combines the compressive strength of

concrete with the tensile strength of Steel
evolves an effective (and economic?)

structural system.
More popular in the western world
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Major Components of Composite Construction
Composite Beams
Composite Slabs
Composite Columns
Composite Beams:--
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Major Advantages of Composite Beams
• Lesser Depth of Beam
• Considerable savings in weight of steel

components over non-composite construction.
• Greater stiffness of composite beams as

compression flange, which is vulnerable to
Bending Compression, gets restrained.
Major Advantages of Composite Beams
• Lower storey heights are adequate resulting in

a) Savings in cladding costs
b) Reduction in wind loading
c) Savings in foundation costs.
• Faster rate of construction.
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Composite Slabs
Lesser thickness of Slab
Composite Columns:-- (Two Types)
Fully or Partially steel encased concrete sections
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Composite Columns:-- (Two Types)
Concrete in-field Steel Hollow Steel Columns
Code (for Composite Construction)
IS: 11384 – revised & redrafted

Code for General Construction in Steel-Concrete
Composite Structures.
This code was prepared using LSM philosophy
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Composite Floor System & Composite Columns
 Steel Sheets may be used as decking material for concrete

floors – sacrificial type (Non-Composite) or embossed type
(Composite)
 Steel-Concrete composite deck reduces the thickness of

Concrete slab over it and waives the provision of clear
cover, making the building lighter.
 Lighter Structures attract less tremor from ground

acceleration due to earthquake
 Lighter Structures are Wind sensitive
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 Lighter Structure offers cost effective design for the

foundation
 In composite structures due to lesser depth of the slab

and beam, the available headroom is more.
Comparison between Composite and Regular RCC Columns
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Latest Sections Available for Steel Constructions
Parallel Flange Rolled Section
Parallel Flange Section MB Section
 Edges of Flanges are • Edges of Flanges are tapered

Parallel and not tapered
• Thickness not same throughout
 Thickness remains same the flanges
throughout the flanges
H - Depth
B - Flange width
r - fillet radius
t1 - web thickness
t2 - flange thickness
Parallel Flange Section
Classification
3 Categories of PF Sections
 Narrow Flange Beams NPB

 Wide Flange Beam WPB
 Bearing Pile Sections PBP
• NPB & WPB section

- available in three sub- categories
• Light weight for Beams D <

• Standard weight for Beams D = Nominal depth
• Heavy weight f or Beams D >
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Comparison between MB and PF Sections
MB - Indian Standard Medium Beam Section
• Available with one size in each Beam designation
Ex. MB 100 to MB 600
• PF Section
• Large range of variety
NPB 100x55x8.1 to NPB 750x270x202.48
WPB 100x100x12.24 to WPB 900x300x291.45
PBP 200x43.85 to PBP 400x230.92
• Variety of section type – for each designation more than one
variation available
Ex. NPB 200 3 variation NPB 200x100x18.42
NPB 200 x100x22.36
NPB200 x100x25.09
Comparison between MB and PF Sections ( contd.)
• More Choices to Design Engineers
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Comparison of Section Property - PF And MB Section
Advantages Over Built-up Sections
• PF sections can reduce the use of built-up sections for BEAMS

• Reduced fabrication work
• Increase the speed of construction
•
• Effect of Imperfection parameter αLT (Cl. 8.2.2, IS : 800-2007 )
• αLT = 0.21 for rolled section
• αLT = 0.49 for welded section
Lesser value of αLT - lesser value of ΦLT for

rolled Parallel Flange section
ΦLT = 0.5 x [1 + αLT (λLT – 0.2) + λLT^2 ]
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Advantages Over Built-up Sections

• Effect of Lesser value of ΦLT and λLT - Larger χLT
• χLT = bending stress reduction factor to account for

lateral torsional buckling 1
 LT   1 .0
{LT  ( LT  LT )]0.5
2
• Larger value of fbd = design bending compressive stress

= χLT fy /γm
• More bending Capacity for PF section over equivalent

built up section for Laterally Unsupported beam
Advantages in Connection
• Easy Connections
• Taper washers not required
• Butt welding of plate at the

edge of flange is easier.
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Advantages
• Better Sectional Property
• Higher Radius of Gyration in the weaker axis (ry)
• Higher Load carrying Capacity under direct compression
• Higher Section Modulus ( Z)
• Higher Moment of Resistance
Advantages to End-User
•Facilitates the long Column free structures
•Substantial Weight saving
•Reduces the use of built-up section
•Minimizes the time, cost of labour in fabrication and

construction
•Overall saving in cost of steel structures
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CASE STUDY
Parallel Flange Beams in Composite Structures
 B+G+6 Steel Residential Building

by UK Architects Piercy Conner
 Winner of the Living Steel

International Architecture
Competition in 2006
RESTELLO in Kolkata
CASE STUDY
 Galvanized and painted steel used

for corrosion protection.
 Building Skin comprises of one

permeable outer layer of perforated
steel screens, and a second inner
skin of floor to ceiling glazing.
RESTELLO in Kolkata
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CASE STUDY
 PF sections used in Structural framing

– Beams. Columns. Bracings
Steel-Concrete Composite Technology
- Floor and Roof slabs
 Steel Deck used in floor system .
 RESTELLO used recycled steel
RESTELLO in Kolkata
CASE STUDY
• 2B+G+ 4 storeyed Building
• PF used = 900 T
Total Steel = 1400 T
• Steel Concrete Composite

Construction
HANDLOOM HOUSE
at Janpath, New Delhi
for Ministry of Textile
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CASE STUDY
B+G+4
Steel Framed
- Beams, Columns, Bracings
Composite Construction
- Beams
RCC
- Floor Slabs, Roof Slabs
ISPAT PRAGATI BHAWAN

INSDAG Office Building
CASE STUDY
Parallel Flange Sections 1n Building
Parallel Flange steel Beams and Columns used in the

Building of O P Jindal Global University, Sonepat, Haryana
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Pre-engineered Buildings
are a predetermined
assembly of Structural
members to form a stable
structural system.
Frame Optimization
The frame geometry matches the shape of the bending
moment diagram for optimal design, thus minimizing
material waste and reducing the total weight of frames.
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Advantages of Pre- Engineered Buildings
• Light Weight Construction
• Cost Effective
• Fast Track Construction
• Finished Building Aesthetically Pleasing
• Tight Tolerances During Fabrication
Castellated Beams
Cutting of I-beam in a standard

structural shape longitudinally
along its web in a serrated
pattern, offsetting the two
pieces, point to point,
reassembling and welding
them back together again.
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Castellated Sections
USE
Tailor made Open Web beams

effectively integrate services into
steel-framed buildings within the
structural floor zone
Cellular beam with multiple
service ducts
Stiffened large web opening in a

steel beam routing through and
between steel beams.
USE
Used effectively for lightly
serviced buildings or for aesthetic
reasons, where the structure is
exposed
It has limited shear resistance

and are best used as long span
secondary beams or where loads
are relatively low
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USE
Composite beam with stiffened
web opening increases their
stiffness
Long span cellular beams

for column-free internal
spaces for the integration of
services without increasing
the overall floor depth.
Cambered cellular roof beams.
MERITS USED IN
 Improved strength/depth  Industrial facilities
without any additional weight
 Parking garages
 Warehouses
 Availability of more clear height.
 Office buildings
 High bending strength per unit  Hospital buildings
weight, with relatively low shear  School buildings
resistance - ideal for carrying light
loads over long spans.
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DEMERITS - TO BE AVOIDED
When a beam is subjected to substantial concentrated
loads
Or when the castellated beam is used as a continuous

beam across several supports.
In portals with rigid knee junctions, load concentrations

occur which are relatively unfavourable.
Constraints in Steel Construction
 Heat Conductivity/ Fire

Steel conducts heat more rapidly than concrete and
310 times more rapidly than wood.
 Corrosion
Low maintenance & Faulty Design may lead to the
corrosion of iron and steel in buildings and structures.
SOULTION IS THERE
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Fire Protection Criteria
 Type and quantity of fire proofing material

 Different critical temperatures of material
 Configuration – beam/columns, hollow section
 Member exposed to fire - 3/ 4 sides of members
 Fire Load & Fire Resistance Requirements
Fire Protection of Steel
Steel doesn't burn !! Loses stability at 550°C
Fire Proofing
Active - water sprays, sprinklers, deluge foam, FRS
Passive – Paints, insulating panels, blankets, concrete etc.
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Typical Usage
Coated Steel Structure Mineral Spray Applied
Protection By Rigid Board Corrosion Protection/weather Resistant
Intumescent Material
Expand when Exposed to heat
Insulate the Steel and provide fire protection
 Under the heat , the solid coating converted into viscous

liquid.
 Endothermic reactions to release inert gases with low
thermal conductivity
 Result in expansion / foaming of the coating up to 8 time
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Corrosion of Steel
 The corrosion of structural steel is an electrochemical
process that requires the simultaneous presence of moisture
and oxygen.
 Essentially, the iron in the steel is oxidized to produce rust,

which occupies approximately six times the volume of the
original material.
Corrosion Protection of Steel
Consequences of Corrosion
Corrosion (Rust) = Steel Metal Loss
= > Reduced Structure Design Life
= > Maintenance Costs = > Revenue Loss
= > Catastrophic Failure => Loss of Life.
Corrosion Protection
 Exposure of Steel to moisture to be avoided.
 Where steel is in a dry heated interior environment

the risk of corrosion is insignificant and no protective
coating is necessary.
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 Passive Barrier Protection

 Active Protection
 Sacrificial Protection (Cathodic Protection or Galvanic Protection)
 Electrocoat (E-coat)
Hot-dip galvanizing
 Metallic Coatings
Thermal Spraying
 Organic Coatings
 Powder Coatings
Protection of Steel : Barrier Effect
Low moisture
Impervious to ions,
transmission
O2 & CO2
3rd Coat
2nd Coat
1st Coat
Steel Surface
Clean surface - no salts for blistering
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Sustainability Issues
Sustainability
Environmental Social Economic
Attracts most
attention
A truly sustainable structure must reduce economic and

social impacts. Steel Constructions offer benefits to all
three issues
Environmental and Economic Benefit of Steel
Quicker ROI
Fast
Reduced cost of preliminaries
Fewer disruptions and

disturbances
Four Pillars Manufactured Assured quality
Minimum on-site
Safe handling
Endlessly recyclable / Zero

Waste
Zero Waste
After recycle, retains
properties and value
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Social Benefits of Steel
Rapid Skilled Long

Relocable
Construction Workforce Spans
Less disruption to Without noisy & No itinerant

dusty demolition Bright &
community Workers airy
building
Fewer vehicle Recovery rate of
movement to Stable
steelworks and employment
site steel products Pleasure to
from demolition live & work
Little on-site sites is over 95% in
noise and waste Steelwork
does not use
Water – Most Never
Beneficial to local look tired
community valuable
resource &
outdated
Innovations
Steelwork is becoming increasingly
Pre-Engineered
Easier and Increased accuracy &
Lesser site
certain pre- reduced liability to
hazards
planning errors
Improved Health and

safety
A VITAL Social
Sustainable Factor
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Innovations
Offsite and Components

Light Steel
gauge Steel Sandwiched Sections with
Hollow
Cold- Floors Panels higher Yield
Sections
Formed Strength (>
sections 410 Mpa)
Increased use of factory-made precision components
Reduced site based adjustments and hazards
EMISSION EXAMPLE
Option 1 Steel Option 2 Concrete
Item Wgt (T) CO2 (T) Wgt (T) CO2 (T)
Steel 740 564 50 38
Fabrication 740 222 50 15
Concrete 2,030 325 6.800 1,088
Rebar 50 45 350 315
Haulage 221 veh 88 665 168
Total 1244 T 1634 T
Note::
1. Study conducted on new building at Oxford, UK by PBA in 2004
2. Option 1 – Steel frame with composite slab
3. Option 2 – RCC framed with concrete flat slab
4. CO2 emission in Steel option is 24% lower than the equivalent concrete option.
5. Figures do not include environmental impacts associated with on-site concrete activities which
would increase the CO2 emission of concrete option
6. Source : British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited (BCSA) and Tata Steel Europe
Ltd
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Steel Based Construction
Prefabrication Vs Site Fabrication
• Quality of fabrication is far better at fabrication shop under

controlled condition.
• Quality of Painting is also superior at shop than that at site.
• Factor of safety is more for site fabrication – leading more

materials consumption.
• In case of shop fabrication, parallel activities can be performed

at site to reduce overall construction time.
Cost Comparisons
Prefabrication Vs Site Fabrication Cost (in Rs)
Items Pre Fabrication Site Fabrication

Raw Materials 50.00 50.00
Fabrication cost 10.00 11.00
Painting 3.00 4.00
Inward Transportation 0.00 2.00
Consumables, electricity, misc etc 3.00 2.00
Sub Total (1) 66.00 69.00
Excise (12.50% on ST 1) 8.30 0.00
Sub Total (2) 74.30 69.00
VAT (6.85% - on ST 2) – Varies 5.10 4.70
Sub Total (3) 79.40 73.7
Outward Transportation 3.00 0.00
Grand Total 82.40 73.70
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Cost Comparisons
BENEFITS OF LCCA
Building Description Cost Advantage (%) Remark

G + 3 with strip 8.22 Storey Height – RCC (3.0
foundations m) and Steel (2.85 m)
G + 3 with Pile 7.03 Storey Height – RCC (3.0
G + 6 with Pile 10.70 Storey Height – RCC (3.0
B + G + 20 with Pile 8.72 Storey Height – RCC (3.15
3B + G + 40 with 25.97 Storey Height – RCC
Pile foundations (3.5m) and Steel (3.2 m)
Base of Comparison : Conventional RCC construction with brick walls
with Steel – Concrete Composite construction with brick walls
Source: INSDAG Study
Steel in Indian Background
 Construction of Steel
Building & Bridges was
started in the later part of
19th century and early 20th
century during the British
era
Howrah Bridges built in 1942
 In the post-independence – Cantilever road Bridge
era, in the 1950s, steel as Use of structural steel in

being used to set up public industry and infrastructure
and private factories, plants,
is contributing to the overall
ports railways, etc.
demand of steel in India
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Application of Steel in India
Major Applications into Five Sectors:
 Construction
 Transport
 Energy
 Packaging
 Appliances and Industry
Steel in Construction Sector in India
 High-Rise building  Harbors
 Low and High-Rise

 Piers and Suspension cables
buildings
 Coastal and Food Defenses
 Education and Hospital
Buildings  Cladding and Roofing
 Sports Stadiums, Stations  Offices
 Reinforced Concrete  Tunnels

 Bridge Deck Plates  Security Fencing
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Steel in Buildings in India
 Concrete is a conventionally used material

for construction of buildings.
 Steel is now gaining momentum for its flexibility and

reduced construction time
 Structural Steel is now being selectively used in

construction of high-rise buildings in India, mainly
in metropolitan cities due to limited land availability
or sometimes by exception.

Steel in
Building
Form
Infosys Ellipsoid, Pune, a gigantic, five-storey steel-glass-

aluminium clad building that resembles a spacecraft designed
by eminent architect Hafeez Contractor
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Steel in Structural Frame
Indira
Pariyabaran
Bhawan
Office Building for

Ministry of
ISPAT PRAGATI BHAWAN,
Environment &
Forests, GOI INSDAG Office Building
SUNSHINE TOWER, Mumbai
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SUNSHINE TOWERS, MUMBAI
Office Building
Composite Construction
Height (Approx) 165 Mts
Square Columns along
Periphery – 500mm X 500mm
Specially Imported From

Japan, Supplied By Corus
THE ICICI Regional

Headquarters, Hyderabad
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Steel in Roof Structure
IL&FS Office Roof

Atrium, Mumbai Ganesh Hall, Pune
Sahara Mall, Gurgaon
Steel in Bridges in India
Steel in Bridges
 A cantilever spar cable-
stayed bridge which spans
the Yamuna river
 The dynamically shaped

pylon consists of 2 inclined
columns, which are rigidly
connected to the driving
lanes and bend mid-way.
The Signature Bridge,
New Delhi
 The upper portion of the
pylon anchors the back-
stay cables as well as the
main-span cables.
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Steel in Bridges in India
 Self-weight of the pylon balances

out the self-weight of the super
structure through the eccentric
location of its center of gravity
with respect to the pivot point of
the pylon footing, reducing the
load on back-stay
 The bridge is 675 meters long and
35.2 meters wide.
 It will also have the facility to
transport tourists on top of the
154 m high main pillar
Steel in Roof structure & Space frame
EXPOSITION CENTRE- BANGALORE
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Steel Structures in India
Steel in Stadium & Long Span Structure
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium

New Delhi
Sahar International Airport, Mumbai
Steel in FACADES, CANOPIES & LANDSCAPES
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 Kolkata Gate, a steel-and-

glass structure with giant
arches , in NewTown ,
Kolkata
 The two steel arches that

criss-cross each other 55m
above the ground.
 A circular viewing gallery

made of steel and Biswa Bangla Gate,
toughened glass has been New Town ,Kolkata
set up at 25m above the
ground level.
 The 10ft-wide and 60m-long

gallery by interlinking four
prefabricated structures
resemble aerobridges.
 Ring structures welded and

attached to the steel arches
at designated points.
Biswa Bangla Gate,
New Town ,Kolkata
 Facade is made of toughened
glass with laminated silicone
sheets to withstand gale-force
winds, hailstorms and
extreme heat.
55
7/5/2019
Steel Consumption – Indian Scenario
Steel Production Scenario ( in MT)

Change,
Rank
Country/Region 2018 2017 %
(2018)
— World 1808.6 1674.8 8.0
1 People's Republic of China 928.3 831.7 11.6
2 India 106.5 101.5 4.9
3 Japan 104.3 104.7 -0.4
4 United States 86.7 81.6 6.3
5 South Korea 72.5 2.0
6 Russia 71.7 71.3 0.6
7 Germany 42.4 43.6 -2.8
8 Turkey 37.3 37.5 -0.5
9 Brazil 34.7 34.4 0.9
10 Iran 25 21.8 14.7
India's crude steel production in 2018 was at 106.5 MT, up by 4.9 per
cent from 101.5 MT in 2017, meaning India has replaced Japan as
the world's second largest steel producing country.
Steel Consumption – Indian Scenario
56
7/5/2019
Indian Steel Industry
Main Steel Producers in India
Steel Authority of India - Flats & Longs

Tata Steel - Flats & Rebars
Essar Steel - Flats
JSW Steel - Flats
JSPL - Flats & Longs
RINL - Longs & Rebars
Secondary Producers
113
CODES
Material Sections
IS: 2062-2011 IS: 808- 1989
IS: 15962-2012 IS: 1161- 1998
IS: 4923- 1997
Loading IS: 1173- 1978
IS: 875 Part 1-5 IS: 1731- 1989
IS: 1732- 1989
IS: 12778- 2004
Designing
IS: 800-2007
IS: 801- 1975 Fasteners
IS: 1363-2007
Welds IS: 1367- 1975
IS: 816-1969 IS: 4000 - 1992
IS: 9595-1996
114
57
7/5/2019
Some Innovative Applications
Steel In Retrofitting of Heritage Buildings

At BBD Bag, Kolkata
Emergency Fire Exit – Steel in Staircase
58
7/5/2019
Steel In Puja Pandals
FOOD GRAIN SILOS
59
7/5/2019
SUMMARY
• Benefits of Steel structures
• Composite Floor system & Composite Column
• Parallel Flange sections
• Pre-Engineered Buildings
• Castellated Sections
• Fire & Corrosion protection of Steel
• Sustainability Issues
• Prefab vs Pre-engineered
• Cost Comparisons
• Steel Applications
Conclusion
Unlimited potential in Steel based

construction activities both in Urban &
rural areas signal immense prospects of
steel demand in the country.
INSDAG is playing a humble role in

promoting the cause of Steel
60
7/5/2019
INSTITUTE FOR STEEL DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH

(INSDAG)
• Registered as a Society and is a Not for Profit organization.
• Promoted by Ministry of Steel and all Major Steel Producers

(SAIL, Tata Steel, RINL, JSW, JSPL and Essar Steel).
• Members include Producers, Builders, Fabricators, Architects,

Consultants and Individuals.
• Promotion of Steel based construction through Education,

Training, Seminars, Publications, Consultancy.
INSDAG ACTIVITIES
Working on Cost effective Steel Intensive Design Options

Revision/Updating of Steel Based Codes & Standards
Prepare Design Handbook, Manuals & Reports(65+60)
To Train the Trainers, Students & Professionals (CPD)
 Expert Advisory Service & Increasing Member Base
Consultancy Service to Demonstrate Concepts
Networking with Member Organizations
Marketing Initiatives & Change Mindset
Skill Development & Rural activities for Steel promotion
61
7/5/2019
THANK YOU
NIBEDITA DEY
ins.steel@gmail.com /nibeditad1@gmail.com

ISPAT PRAGATI BHAWAN
793, Anadapur
Kolkata-700 107
62

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7/5/2019

Institute for Steel Devlopmnet & Growth

Iron & Steel and its Classification

History of Steel & Steel making

History of Steel in the World

Why Steel & Its Advantages

Benefits of Steel Framed Structures

Latest Trends in Steel Construction

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Steel Consumption- Indian Scenario

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