FeruniSHANO SPORT 91 older cultural vebates within modern life and validity that ca culeural contexts and pop' elmar’s opinion, Feminism and sport cal ores (1986: 8) say a revolution eve “The relationship between feminism and popular culture is both acure and Standing. Ths 9 sures popls sr epee of many economic ta particularly from the 1960s onwards, have provided a set of ‘documents? chart differing representations of women. From novels, advertising, girs? ‘comics, pop music and music videos, and cinema, ro television, the internet and In Chapter 1, I outlined the problem: class basis of political action and revolution, Overthrowin} ‘not necessarily eliminate all forms of inequality, only po class, and nothing would necessarily change for women, 1 could fil to i is not just the female subordination points out, the driv- nd activists is usually ing force that ignited che arcibured to Mary Wols the vote, was limited to males, and the right co vote to women and ‘and the City. But while there is much scope for a cultural’ analysis of feminism, this chapter will relate this subject to a more logical culeural exa » not least of which f human Life, with space ise figures was ay of progress for «, Women and irked economic organic world: our and areachment to mi the emergence of the WAC of masculinity ynomic depend:er ga SOCALTHEORY IN POPULAR CULTURE This unequal and patriarchal state of affairs is based entirely on history not on innate or biological differences between males and females; males have controled the economic components of societies for thousands of years. For Gilman, itis a global condition that in all societies throughout history econom. ics and economic production are governed predominantly by the activites of From the day labourer to the millionaire, the wife’s worn dress or flashing jewels, her low roof or her lordly one, her weary feet or her rich equipage = ‘hese speak of the economic ability of che husband. (1998: 9-10) cexchudes women from the economic process; In one sense, motherh 5 chal ideology’, argued Gilman, and when ia is simply a reflection of ‘pa tigated historically ctor in human life. Women represent the wor par excellence, but the nature of female work does not contribute to produce wealth, co her services in house, or to her role as a mother. Alternatively: ‘These things bear relation only to the man she marrics, the man she depends (on, ~ to how much she has and how much be is willing to give het. The woman whose splendid extravagance dazzles the world, whose economic Boods are the greatest, are often neither houseworkers nor mothers, but simply the women who hold most power over the men who have the most ‘money. The female [of the human race] is economically dependent on the male. He is her food supply. (1998: 21-2) society that employed pi and dining rooms and day women to work in the pul sd in many nations, idmark text, The ince «0 the idea of household were quickly re-es find, as Friedan articulated in ‘ment as a wife’ (1963: 13). Resi restricted to the domestic world analytical/Freudian approach to fe her seminal book, The Second y. Developing de lly. inspired texts hell's Pyehoanalyss such as Shulamith wguage of Marx and and from a deeplyace HoH NPORUAR CUTIE conception of womanhood and female status is a problematic ay ccc woman 4 problematic aspect with any ‘be comparable with that of black women and female ‘experiences in various parts of the globe. To claim a universal female postion ‘was problematic and cepressive itself. Caroline Ramazonoglh, in Feminism and the Contradictions of Oppresien (1989), stresses the ways in which secondawave ‘feminism is inherently oriented towards Western female experience, relations of ‘exploitation that exist berween the West and the South (Western women wear. Sng clothing and fashion manufactured by women in poory-paid ‘sweatshop’ id World) and even the employment of working: wer emerged from the women who a ‘women who ate daily beaten down, thanagnanosrorr #8 as sexuality and pornography ination and oppression within approaches emphasized the and fr if ivembraces everything Feminism, i not emerging fro ‘port feminism’. This was iden ‘iota in hee cassie book, Baca ing, developmen: oY n Fad and artic~