Modeling and Simulation in XENDEE

IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder

Shammya Saha Nathan Johnson

Graduate Research Assistant
Electrical Engineering
Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering
Arizona State University
shammya.saha@asu.edu
Assistant Professor
The Polytechnic School
Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering
Arizona State University
nathanjohnson@asu.edu

March 2, 2016

This document is one of several guides designed to support skills development in distribution
network modeling. It can be used during standard university curricula, a short industry course,
self-guided lessons, peer learning, or other training opportunities. Files resulting from the guide
can also be modified at the discretion of the user to pursue advanced topics of analysis. The IEEE
Test Feeders are used as examples given their wide recognition and use. Resulting power flow
analysis and short circuit analysis are presented in separate documents for each test feeder.

Each guide is developed through a partnership between Arizona State University researchers and
XENDEE. These training guides have been successfully used to train people individually, in small
and large classrooms, during interactive micro-grid boot camps, and during short sessions for
industry integrators and operators.

IEEE 34 NODE TEST FEEDER IN BRIEF:

IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder is an existing feeder located in Arizona, with a nominal voltage of 24.9
kV. It is characterized by long and lightly loaded overhead transmission lines, two in-line
regulators, one in-line transformer for a short 4.16 kV section, a total number of 24 unbalanced
loads, and two shunt capacitors.
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IEEE 34 NODE TEST FEEDER ONE-LINE DIAGRAM

The below figure shows the one-line diagram of the IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder available in the
IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder.doc file.

848

822 846

820 844
864
818 842
802 806 808 812 814 850 824 826 834 860 836
858 840
816
832 862
800 888 890
810
838
852

828 830 854 856

The below figure shows the one-line diagram of the IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder built in XENDEE.

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

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IEEE 34 NODE TEST FEEDER
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1. OVERVIEW AND TECHNOLOGIES

This document describes how to model the IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder in the XENDEE cloud
computing platform. XENDEE simulation models and system infrastructure documentation are
also included with this guide.

OpenDSS, an open-source technology developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI),
is a powerful analytics engine capable of simulating complex multi-phase electrical power
distribution systems. XENDEE enhances EPRI OpenDSS with enterprise level features such as
visualization, design, simulation, and reporting automation. XENDEE is a web-based analytical
tool that runs in Mozilla Firefox using the Microsoft Silverlight add-on.

2. ATTACHMENT AND RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

This package (IEEE34.zip) includes XENDEE model files (.xpf) that can be imported to create a
personal XENDEE project library. Additional supporting files required for independent testing and
verification are listed in Table 1.

Table 1. List of XENDEE Files Along with Supporting Files for XENDEE Modeling.

File Name File Details

IEEE_34_LVRauto.xpf
IEEE_34_LVRtapsFixed.xpf
Cap data.xls
Transformer data.xls
Distributed load data.xls
Spot load data.xls
Line Configurations.xls
Line data.xls
IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder.doc
IEEE Test Feeder.pdf
XENDEE XML model with auto-adjusting regulators
XENDEE XML model with fixed tap transformers
Shunt capacitor data
Transformer Parameters
Distributed load data in kW, kVAR, and power factor
Spot load data in kW, kVAR, and power factor
Overhead wire model and pole configuration data
Connectivity and configuration data for each segment
IEEE Power Flow Results
Details of wire parameters and pole construction

IEEE_34_LVRauto.xpf – A XENDEE model that implements line voltage regulators (LVRs) as

suggested by EPRI. Specifically, OpenDSS simulates tap changes and then recalculates power
flow. Many other software tools complete power flow studies using only estimates of tap changes.

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IEEE_34_LVRtapsFixed.xpf – A XENDEE model of the same network but with single-phase

transformers with fixed tap settings defined to match IEEE data.

3. THE XENDEE NETWORK MODEL

XENDEE automatically generates a one-line diagram and adjusts the layout to accommodate new
nodes added to the system. Additional nodes are needed beyond the standard 34 nodes because of
the “mid-nodes” that are created in-between nodes to simulate distributed loads.

3.1 POWER UTILITY (SLACK BUS)

The utility has been modeled as a 69 kV three phase source (Figure 1). All other parameters for
the utility were kept at their default value as shown in XENDEE.

Figure 1. Slack Bus with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

3.2 TRANSMISSION LINE MODELING

Modeling power flow along a transmission line requires data including (1) line length between two
nodes, (2) line parameters and pole construction data at a specific bus.

Line Data.xls – Line length between two nodes with the configuration for that specific line.

Line Configuration.xls – Line parameters including the Geometric Mean Ratio (GMR) of the
line and resistance per mile. Values pulled from the XENDEE overhead line catalogue.

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XENDEE code words for a specific ACSR wire are present in this file (see Table 2). Pole
construction data is also included for the each type of configuration.

IEEE Test Feeder.pdf – All details summarized for the IEEE Test Feeder.

Table 2. IEEE Conductor Models in XENDEE .

IEEE Conductor Corresponding code word

Model from XENDEE Catalogue
ACSR 1/0 IEEE8
ACSR #2 6/1 IEEE11
ACSR #4 6/1 IEEE12

3.3 TRANSFORMER MODELING

Transformers are modeled in XENDEE according to the winding connection provided in the Excel
file.

Figure 2. Transmission Line with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

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𝑋𝑋
Transformer Data.xls – Transformer model data. XENDEE requires 𝑍𝑍% and 𝑅𝑅
% ratio for

modeling a transformer as given in Table 3.

Table 3. Transformer Parameters for IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder

𝑹𝑹% 𝑿𝑿% 𝒁𝒁% = �𝑹𝑹𝟐𝟐 + 𝑿𝑿𝟐𝟐 (𝑿𝑿/𝑹𝑹)%

Substation Transformer 1.00 8.00 8.062 8.000
Ignored in the IEEE results
XFM-1 1.9 4.08 4.500 2.147

Substation transformer impedances are provided but they are not used by IEEE for power flow
analysis. IEEE reports results that assume voltage begins at the substation bus at the designated
𝑋𝑋
voltage. To address this issue, a substation transformer in XENDEE has 𝑅𝑅% of 0.001% and �𝑅𝑅 � %

of 1.001%.

3.4 LINE VOLTAGE REGULATOR MODELING

Figure 3. Transformer with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

A line voltage regulator is connected between two nodes or two buses. This regulator modifies the
line voltage in case of sudden addition or loss of load connected to the distribution network.
Regulator Data.xls – Contains line voltage regulator information.

IEEE_34_LVRauto.xpf – uses LVR with automatic tap control. This is used for modern
distribution system analysis rather than estimated tap control. Additional information required to
model the LVR in XENDEE is provided in the following table.

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Table 4. LVR Parameters for IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder.

Parameter Value
Rating 2MVA
Impedance 0.001%
𝑿𝑿/𝑹𝑹% ratio 1.001
Delay 30s
Tapping Secondary

The LVR is modeled by a single phase transformer with a fixed tap setting. Similarly, a three phase
LVR is modeled by three single phase transformers each associated with an individual phase and
a fixed tap position.

IEEE_34_LVRtapsFixed.xls – uses single phase transformers with fixed tapping instead of LVR.
The fixed tap values are present in IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder.doc in the power flow results
section. Each LVR fixed tap setting is calculated using the following equation:

𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡% 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋 = 100 + 0.625 × 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿

For example, if the transformer tap in the power flow solution is kept at position 12, the
corresponding percentage tap in XENDEE is: 100 + 0.625 × 12 = 107.5%

3.5 MODELING LOADS

There are two types of loads in the IEEE test system:

• Spot loads – Loads connected to a specific node

• Distributed loads- Loads distributed between two connected nodes

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Figure 4. LVR with model (top) and power flow solution (bottom).

3.5.1 SPOT LOADS

All spot loads have their respective load model (constant power, constant impedance, constant
current) type defined and are considered balanced across all three phases. These loads are modeled
as three phase with appropriate load model.

Spot_Load_Data.xls – includes spot load data.

Figure 5. Spot loads with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

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The power factor for the load is calculated in the Excel file. XENDEE requires the power factor
be given as a percentage of the load. See column heading “Power Factor (%)”.

3.5.2 DISTRIBUTED LOADS

Unbalanced load data for distributed loads are included in a separate file.

Distributed_Load_data.xls – includes distributed load data.

Modeling a distributed load requires creating an additional node between the two nodes across
which the distributed load is applied. For example, the IEEE test case provides information for
distributed loads that can be connected between two nodes as shown in Figure 6a.

Figure 6a. Distributed load schematic for IEEE test case.

XENDEE / EPRI OpenDSS approach this scenario by inserting a middle node and modeling two
overhead wires of the same configuration but each having one-half the length of the original line.
Figure 6b shows this approach for the original line shown in Figure 6a.

Figure 6b. Distributed load schematic using one-half line length.

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In looking at an example from the actual IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder system, Figure 7 shows an
extra node created at the midpoint between nodes 802 and 806. That distributed load is connected
to that middle node.

Figure 7. Distributed loads with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

3.6 MODELING SHUNT CAPACITOR

The shunt capacitor parameters are available in the “Shunt Capacitor” Excel file. They are modeled
using the “capacitor bus” in XENDEE according to their phase information.

Figure 8. Shunt capacitors with model (left) and power flow solution (right).

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4. MODEL AND SIMULATION VALIDATION: IEEE_34_LVRTAPSFIXED.XPF

4.1 RADIAL FLOW SUMMARY
Real power, reactive power, and system with losses are given in Table 5 with comparisons between
XENDEE simulation results and those reported in IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder.doc.

Table 5. Comparison of Power and Losses between IEEE Results & XENDEE Simulation.

Output Result IEEE XENDEE Difference (%)

Total System input MW 2.0429 2.0432 0.0001
Total System input MVAR 0.2903 0.2909 0.0020
Total System kW Loss 273.0490 267.8790 0.0190
Total System kVAR Loss 34.9990 34.8820 0.0030

4.2 VOLTAGE PROFILE VALIDATION

The voltage profile of selected nodes is provided in Table 6 for comparison.

Table 6. Comparison of Phase Voltage Magnitude & Angle between IEEE Results & XENDEE Simulation.

Node IEEE XENDEE IEEE XENDEE IEEE XENDEE IEEE XENDE

A-N A-N B-N B-N C-N C-N Angles Angles
800 1.0500 1.0500 1.0500 1.0500 1.0500 1.0500 0.0/-120.0/120.0 0.0/-120.0/120.0
802 1.0475 1.4750 1.0484 1.0485 1.0484 1.0485 -0.5/-120.1/119.9 -0.1/-120.1/119.9
806 1.0457 1.0458 1.0474 1.0475 1.0474 1.0475 -0.1/-120.1/119.9 -0.1/-120.1/119.9
808 1.0136 1.0141 1.0296 1.0300 1.0289 1.0293 -0.8/.120.9/119.3 -0.8/-121.0/119.3

The voltage profile at each node can be viewed within the annotation view in XENDEE. Moreover,
the professional report view in XENDEE can be used to check voltages at any node.

4.3 CURRENT FLOW VALIDATION

The magnitude of current through selected lines is provided in Table 7.

Table 7. Comparison of Phase Current Magnitude between IEEE Results & XENDEE Simulation.

Line From To IEEE XENDEE IEEE XENDEE IEEE XENDEE

Node Node Phase A Phase A Phase B Phase B Phase C Phase C
L14a 828 830 35.87 35.90 36.93 36.90 37.77 37.80
L17a 834 860 11.16 11.20 9.090 9.100 10.60 10.60

L22a 844 846 9.830 9.900 9.400 9.400 9.400 9.400

L24 850 816 48.47 48.50 40.04 40.00 38.17 38.20

The annotation view in XENDEE can also be used to view current values through individual lines
for each phase.

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

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5 ADDITIONAL NOTES
We hope you have benefited from this step-by-step guide to creating an IEEE Test Feeder in
XENDEE. The full XENDEE results report can be generated by importing and simulating the
models referenced in this guide. The partnership with XENDEE has allowed our education and
research programs at Arizona State University to grow rapidly through the easy-to-use and
versatile user interface. You can find out more about our research, computational lab, micro-grid
test bed, and capacity building programs at http://faculty.engineering.asu.edu/nathanjohnson/

• Visit XENDEE at www.xendee.com to access the online simulation tool

• Data for the IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder can be downloaded from the Web at
http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/index.html
To learn OpenDSS visit http://smartgrid.epri.com/SimulationTool.aspx

MODELING & SIMULATION IN XENDEE:

SAHA & JOHNSON 2016
IEEE 34 NODE TEST FEEDER