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Advance RCC
Advance RCC
1+ ∅
φ=angle of friction wall /2
Vu = 1.5 * V
Minimum depth of foundation m
2 δv= Vu/bd b=1000mm
γmin = Ke qo/γ SBC= qo,γ= unit weight of back fill
see table 19 page no.73
provide depth of foundation(d’)
δc>δv
Height of retaining wall (H) = H2 +d’ m
increasing spacing to __+50mm at height H/3 above
Base width (b)= 0.5H to 0.6H m
ground since pressure reduce linearly top of stem.
Toe projection(Te)=thickness of base slab(d)= H/25
Provide d and D mm 5.2.3.1 design of toe slab
Spacing of counterfort is 3to3.5m P3 = P2+(N/b)( P1- P2)
Thickness of wall(t) = thickness of base slab P4= P2+C/b*( P1-P2)
Force Magnitude x Ms in Cantilever moment = P3 * Te2/2 +0.5*( P1-
in KN KN-m P3)*Te*(2/3)*Te kn-m
Mu = cantilever moment * 1.5 kn-m < Mulim
W1=weigh St*H1*wei b- Magnitud
t of back ght of back (C/2) e *x Mulim = 0.138fckbd2
fill fill Calculate Ast by Mu formula.
W2=weigh Thickness Te+ Provide bar and spacing
t of stem of wall*H1 (D/2) 5.2.3.2 check for shear
*25 Pressure at point = P2+( P3-P2)/4*(N+d) kn/m2
W3=wt of T*25*b b/2 V = 0.5 (P1+pressure at point)*(Te-d) kn
base slab
Vu = 1.5*V
5.2.2.2 Overturing moment due to horizontal back fill δv= Vu/bd b=1000mm
earth pressure = Mo= Kaγ(H3/6) kn-m see table 19 page no.73
Factor of safety against overturning
δc>δv
F1= 0.9(Ms/Mo) >1.4
Sliding force PH = Ke(γH2/2) 5.2.3.3 Design of heel slab
Resisting force= μ(0.9W1+W2+W3) μ=0.5
DEVANS JAIN COACHING CLASSES ADVANCE RCC
Soil pressure at junction with stem
γ = unit weight of material stored
= P1+( P1-P1)/4*c n/mm2
h = depth measured from top of
Load at back fill = H1*y kn/m2 stored material
Self weight = wall thickness*1*25 kn/m2 β = angle of surcharge
Total downward load = Load at back fill + Self φ = angle of repose
weight volume of bunker = capacity of bunker/γ m3
Maximum downward pressure intensity is at edge β=φ
Pmax = udl – P2 kn/m2 volume of soil stored as surcharge V1=(1/3)*A1*h1
Udl = total downward load A1 = area of rectangular potion, taking size of
M= Pmax * span2/12 bunker (3*3m) in plan
Mu= 1.5 * M h1 = 1.5 tanφ m
By Mu formula calculate Ast
Provide bar and spacing and distribution steel
then bar and spacing
5.2.3.4 Design of counterfort
Reinforcement are required for beam action and
for against separating force in horizontal and
vertical direction direction
For beam action – counterfort act as T beam
Inclination of counterfort with horizontal
θ = tan-1 H1/C
depth of counterfort d’ for beam action at junction
d’ = Csinθ m
maximum moment on counterfort
M = Ke*(γH13)/6* span
Mu = 1.5*M kn-m Let the hooper bottom be at 45o to horizontal which
By Mu formula find Ast is more than angle of friction between concrete and
Minimum reinforcement required=0.85bd/Fy, b=span coal.
Provide bar and spacing Let keep opening of hopper bottom is A2= (0.5*0.5m)
Horizontal ties Volume stored in hopper portion
Consider bottom 1m height of stem V3=(1/3)*(A1h2-A2h5); h2=by pythagoers; h5=(0.5/2)
Maximum pressure = Maximum horizontal pressure V2 = volume of chamber = V-V1-V3 m3
at stem. Height h3 = v2/A1 m3
Total lateral pressure (g)=max pressure(span – wall V2 provided = A1*h3
Check for bunker action = 3*tan (90+2∅) > 3.5 m
3∗4 4
j = 1 –(n/3)
k = (σcbc*n*j) /2
axel/L))+ W kn
log l
∗∗
Capacity of the tank = C
provide d and D Depth of tank = h1
Ast = Total BM
Diameter of tank = D
∗∗
Provide bar and spacing Provide If any oh above identity is not given so calculate it by volume formula = = (4)
2
vertical legs of stirrups 5.5.1.1 Free board = given in que or take it nearly 200mm
Prestress concrete beam Total height of tank (H) = h1 + free board
a) Span = l Unit weight of water (γ) = 9.8 kn/m3
b) Wire diameter = φ If other material is given so it is given in que
c) P = prestress force Permissible tensile stress in Fe-415 steel = 150n/mm2
d) e = eccentricity Permissible tensile stress in concrete = 1.3 n/mm2
Ast = no. of cable*no.of wire*(π/4)*φ2 Maximum hoop tension T= γH(D/2) kn/m
Fs=2500*1000 /Ast n/mm2 σs= 150 N/mm2 for HYSD bars, 115 for mild steel
Elastic strain in steel at transfer (ϵs)= Fs/Es Area required for takin hop tension (Ash) = T/σs mm2
(1) loss due to elastic shortening Provide bar and spacing
Area of concrete (Ac)= (b*d) Thickness of wall
I= bd3/12 mm4; Pi=(2500*1000) Maximum hoop tension T
Elastic strain at the end of section (a)= Pi/Ac*Ec Elastic strain at mid span (b)= Piϵc[Ac1 + e2I]
Means elastic strain = (a+b)
2
Modular ratio = m = 280
∗3
Strain in first tenden = (N) =8/9*mean elastic strain If t is the thickness of wall, equivalent area of
Average elastic loss for all tendens is given by ϵel concrete per meter height = 1000t + (m-1) Ash
σc =
1000t + (m−1) Ash mm
= ½*N
σc = 1.3 for M25; 1.2 M20; 1.5 M30
%loss = ϵel/ ϵs *100 and find t and cover
(2) loss due to shrinkage : As per IS 343-1980 vertical steel- Ast min= 0.3%tb
shrinkage strain is given by
DEVANS JAIN COACHING CLASSES ADVANCE RCC
provide bar and spacing It takes care of development length required
The base slab laid on 75mm lean mix bed covered for cantilever steel.
with tarfelt since load get transmit ground directly a 6.2 Rectangular tank resting on ground
280
j = 1 –(n/3)
k = (σcbc*n*j) /2
Ph B2/12 kn-m for short wall
design of cantilever action Since thickness of short and long wall are
where cantilever action exist (h) = H/3 or 1m which maintained same distribution factors at joint
is more. Member Stiffness(K) Total stiffness D.F
Cantilever moment = * kn-m γ∗H∗h ℎ
3
Short 4EI k k
mm wall
∗
Long 4EI k k
To keep section under reinforced= dnew =(4/3)*d Provide d and D and minimum
D is 150 mm Ast = M
wall
∗∗
σc =T /(cover +t)*b*+(m-1)*actual Ash n/mm2 direct pull or long wall & short wall are
< 1.3 for M25,1.2for M20,1.5 for TL= Ph*(B/2) kn
M30 after H/3provided spacing + 100 TB= Ph*L/2 kn
Distibution steel in vertical direction Eccentricity of reinforcement from centre of wall
Ast min = 0.3%bt X = design of moment at corner = M-Tx kn-m T
Vertical steel for cantilever action serves this purpose = TL or BL which is lesser
also. Hence at corner horizontal reinforcement required for
Base slab: provide nominal thickness of150mm bending resistence.
with horizontal reinforcement bars at 200mm c/cin Ast1= design moment at corner/
both direction. σs*j*d For direct tension Ast2 = TL/σs
Provide 150*150 mm harn ches at junction. To Total Ast = Ast1 + Ast2;Provide bar and spacing
ensure the rigidity of connection, provide junction 6.2.1.2Reinforcement at middle of long wall:
reinforcement of 8mm bars at 220 mm c/c B.M = Ph*L2 /8- moment at corner kn-m
Design moment = B.M-TLx Ast1 = design
moment/(σs*j*d)
For direct tension Ast2 = TL/σs
Total Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
Provide bar and spacing
DEVANS JAIN COACHING CLASSES ADVANCE RCC
6.2.1.3 reinforcement fo short Design of roof slab L/B> 2
wall M = corner moment – Tbx Hence it may design as one way
kn-m Ast1 = M/(σs*j*d) slab d = L/25 provide d and D Self
For direct tension Ast2 = TL/σs weight = D*1*1*25
Total Ast = Ast1 + Ast2 Live load =__;finishing load
Provide bar and spacing =__ Total load = __
B.M at centre of wall=γ (H-h)(B2/8) – moment at M = total load *L2 /8; Mu= M*1.5
end Reinforcement in vertical direction Mulim = 0.38Fckbd2; Mulim>Mu
Cantilever moment = γH(h2/6) By Mu formula calculate Ast,then provide bar and
Ast = design moment/(σs*j*d) spacing and then distributin steel 0.12%bd for M-
Minimum reinforcement = 0.3%bd 20 Then provide bar and spacing Design of walls
Provide bar and spacing m= ; n= ;
Base slab: provide nominal base slab thickness 280
∗3
m σcbc
+
direction at top and bottom of slab. A lean concrete when tank is empty
Ph = K’γ’sH + γwH; K’=1−sin∅
1+sin∅
bed 100mm may be provided on which bottom slab γ's = γs- γw; γs= 16 or given
can rest. M = Ph*H*(H/3) /2
6.3.1.1 L/B < 2 Depth of section (d’) = provide d’ and D’ M
Thickness of slab required for balance section India is 35 storeys in reinforced concrete, Hotel
cantilever moment @wall face provide d and D ∗ Oberoi Sheraton (116 m). In developed countries a
Ast =cantilever moment/(σs*j*d) provide b & s very large percentage of multi-storeyed buildings are
In middle portion Ast = M at centre slab/(σs*j*d):top built with
Ast = M at centre slab/(σs*j*d): bottom; provide bar steel where as steel is hardly used in construction
of multi-storeyed frames in India even
and spacing for both Ast.;Distribution steel= %of
though it has proved to be a better material
steel=0..229; Ast=0.229%bd; ast on each face =Ast/2 than reinforced concrete.
Provide bar and spacing for Ast/2.
7 MULTISTORY BUILDING In comparison with concrete construction, steel
The tallness of a building is relative and can not be frames are significantly lighter. This
defined in absolute terms either in results in very much reduced loads on foundations.
relation to height or the number of stories. But, The elements of framework are usually
from a structural engineer's point of view prefabricated in the factory under effective
the tall building or multi-storeyed building can quality control thus enabling a better product.
be defined as one that, by virtue of its This form of construction results in much
reduced time on site activities, plant,
materials and labour, causing little disruption to
normal life of the community, unlike
wet concrete construction process.
DEVANS JAIN COACHING CLASSES ADVANCE RCC
The use ofsteel makes possible the creation of 7.2 Portal method
large, column-free internal spaces. This method is satisfactory for buildings up to 25
This is of particular advantage for open-plan offices stories, hence is the
and large auditoria and concert halls. most commonly used approximate method for
analysing tall buildings. The
The use of steel frame when compared with R.C. following are the simplifying assumptions made in
frame results in sufficient extra the portal method:
space to accommodate all service conduits without 1. A point of contra flexure occurs at the centre of
significant loss in head room. each beam.
Subsequent alterations or strengthening of floors are 2. A point of contra flexure occurs at the centre of
relatively easy in steel frames compared with concrete each column.
frames. 3. The total horizontal shear at each storey is
The framework is not susceptible to delays due to distributed between the columns
slow strength gain, as in concrete construction. of that storey in such a way that each interior column
carries twice the shear
The material handling capacity required at site in carried by each exterior column.
steel construction is less than
prefabricated concrete construction. Assumptions:
Steel structure occupies lesser percentage of floor 1. The horizontal shears on each level are distributed
area in multi-storeyed buildings. between the columns of that floor according to
The steel frame construction is more suitable to assumption 3.
withstand lateral loads caused by wind or earthquake. 2. The girder moments are determined by applying
moment equilibrium equation to the joints: by noting
that the sum of the girder moments at any joint equals
7.1 Shear Wall the sum of the column moments at that joint. These
The lateral loads are assumed to be concentrated at calculations are easily made by starting at the upper
the floor levels. The rigid floors left joint and working joint by joint across to
spread these forces to the columns or walls in the the right end.
building. Lateral forces are particularly
large in case of tall buildings or when seismic forces 7.4 The cantilever method
are considered. Specially designed This method gives good results for high-narrow
reinforced concrete walls parallel to the directions of buildings compared to
load are used to resist a large part of those from the Portal method and it may be used
the lateral loads caused by wind or earthquakes by satisfactorily for buildings of 25
acting as deep cantilever beams fixed to 35 storeys tall. It is not as popular as the portal
at foundation. These elements are called as shear method.
walls. Frequently buildings have The simplifying assumptions made in the cantilever
interior concrete core walls around the elevator, stair method are:
and service wells. Such walls may 1. A point of contraflexure occurs at the centre of
be considered as shear walls. The advantages of shear each beam
walls are; 2. A point of contraflexure occurs at the centre of
(i) they are very rigid in each column.
their own plane and hence are effective in limiting 3. The axial force in each column of a storey is
deflections and proportional to the horizontal
(ii) they act as fire compartment walls. distance of the column from the centre of gravity of
However, for low and medium rise buildings, the all the columns of the storey
construction of under consideration.
shear walls takes more time and is less precise in
dimensions than steelwork. Generally, 7.5 Braced frames
reinforced concrete walls possess sufficient strength To resist the lateral deflections, the simplest method
and stiffness to resist the lateral loading. Shear walls from a theoretical standpoint is the
have lesser ductility and may not meet the energy intersection of full diagonal bracing or X-bracing.
required under severe earthquake. The X-bracing
system works well for 20 to 60 storey height, but it
does not give room for openings such
DEVANS JAIN COACHING CLASSES ADVANCE RCC
as doors and windows. To provide more flexibility 3) Suitable for precast construction The advantages
for the placing of windows and doors, the K-bracing of precast construction are as follows.
system , we • Rapid construction
need to provide larger openings, it is not possible • Better quality control
with K-bracing system; we can use the • Reduced maintenance
full-storey knee bracing system , Knee bracing is an • Suitable for repetitive construction
eccentric bracing • Multiple use of formwork
⇒ Reduction of formwork