Elamentary

Surveying

INTRODUCTION

ENGR. CAG CLAVERO

Surveying
Rayner and Schmidt Davis, Foote, Anderson,
and Mikhail
Clarke

3 Elements of Space Linear Scale

Distance Angular
Direction
Elevation

Webster Breed, Hosmer and Bone Brinker and Wolf

Branch of Applied
Mathematics Science or Art Science and Art
Determining Area Relative Points
Relative Points
Contour
Delineating the whole on
Measurements
paper
 Surveying
Davis, Foote, Anderson,
Brinker and Wolf and Mikhail
• The art and science of determining angular and
Clarke
linear measurements to establish
Breed, Hosmer and Bone
the form, extent,
Rayner and Schmidt Webster
and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or
near the surface of the earth or on otherWebster
extraterrestrial bodies through applied mathematics
and the use of specialized equipment and
techniques.
 Geodetic
Surveying

Plane
Surveying
Cadastral Surveys
 Rural and Urban Areas
 Property Lines and Boundaries
City Surveys
 Expansions or Improvements
 Property Lines and Boundaries
 Fixing Reference Monuments
 Maps
Kilometer 0
Construction Surveys
 Grades
 Reference Lines
 Dimensions
 Ground Configurations
 Location
 Elevation
Forestry Surveys
 Forest Management and Mensuration
 Production and Conservation of Forestry Lands
Hydrographic Surveys
 Bodies of Water
 Shore lines
 Water Surfaces
 Flow of Streams
 Navigation
 Water supply and Resources
 Flood Control
 Irrigation
 Hydroelectric Power
 Subaqueous Construction
 Recreation
Industrial Surveys
 Optical Tooling
 Ship Building,
 Construction and Assembly of Aircraft
 Layout and Installation of Heavy and Complex Machinery
Mine Surveys
 Underground Excavation
 Mining Claims
 Geological Formations
 Excavated Volumes
Photogrammetric Surveys

 Photographs from airplanes or ground stations

 For limited ground surveys
Route Surveys
 Alignment
 Grade
 Earthwork Quantities
 Location of natural and artificial objects
 Highways
 Railroads
 Pipelines
 Canals
 Transmission Lines
 Linear Projects
Topographic Surveys

 Shape of the ground

 Location and elevation of natural and artificial features upon it
 Hills
 Mountains