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4.8 Surcharge Loads: 4.8.1 Minimum Construction Surcharge Load
4.8 Surcharge Loads: 4.8.1 Minimum Construction Surcharge Load
Examples of surcharge loads are spoil embankments adjacent to the trench, streets or highways,
construction machinery or material stockpiles, adjacent buildings or structures, and railroads.
Hs
H
Vh
Figure 4-47. Minimum Lateral Surcharge Load
4-70
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
Where:
Vh = constant horizontal earth pressure due to uniform surcharge
K = coefficient of lateral earth pressure due to surcharge for the following conditions:
x Use Ka for active earth pressure.
x Use Ko for at-rest earth pressure.
Q = uniform surcharge applied to the wall backfill surface within the limits of the active
failure wedge.
4-71
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
The general equation for determining the pressure at distance h below the ground line is
(See Figure 4-48):
Vh
2Q
>E R sin E cos2D @ Eq. 4-67
S
Where ER is in radians.
L2 L1 = Distance from
L1 a wall to left edge
Q (psf) of strip load
L2 = Distance from
wall to right edge
of strip load
h E a = width of
surcharge strip
E/2
E R = E (S/180)
D
Vh
4-72
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
The general equation for determining the pressure at distance h below the ground line is:
(See Figure 4-49)
For m d0.4:
Ql 0 .2 n
Vh Eq. 4-68
H 0.16 n 2
2
L1
m·H
Ql (plf)
4-73
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
The general equation for determining the pressure at distance h below the ground line is:
(See Figure 4-50)
For m d0.4:
Qp n2
Vh 0.28 Eq. 4-70
H 2 0.16 n 2 3
L1
m·H
Qp (lbs)
4-74
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
In addition, Vh is further adjusted by the following when the point is further away from
the line closest to the point load: (see Figure 4-51)
V h' V h cos 2 >1.1T @ Eq. 4-72
Wall
Vh Qp (lbs)
T
Lat
V’h
PLAN VIEW
4-75
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
The following example compares the pressure diagrams for a HS20 truck. (using point loads)
centered in a 12' lane to a load of Q = 300 psf (using the Boussinesq Strip method). The depth
of excavation is 10'.
x1 m1 H
? m1 12 1 .2
10
x2 m2 H
? m2 6 0 .6
10
n depth
H
Depth n
2’ 0.2
4’ 0.4
6’ 0.6
8’ 0.8
10’ 1.0
For line AB, see Eq. 4-71. For loads at an angle to AB, see Eq. 4-72.
4-76
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
Front and rear right wheels: T 66.8q,? cos 2 >1.166.8q@ 0.08
Front and rear left wheels: T 49.4q,? cos 2 >1.149.4q@ 0.34
4-77
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
0.0 0.0
77.3 150.1
150.4 1715
.
144.1 149.3
1131
. 1214
121 .4
84.6 96.5
CONCLUSION: Strip load of Q = 300 psf compares favorably to a point load evaluation
for HS20 truck loadings.
4-78
EARTH PRESSURE THEORY AND APPLICATION
4-79
CT TRENCHING AND SHORING MANUAL
Vh
Figure 4-52. Alternate Traffic Surcharge Loading
4-80