SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF CONCENTRIC BRACING STEEL STRUCTURE

CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………………………..………. i - i i

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE………………………………………………….. i i i

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 01

1. CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………. 2 - 4
2. CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………………………. 5 - 7
3. CHAPTER 3 : OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY……………………………………………. 8
3.1 Steel structural systems in seismic areas……………………………………………….. 9 - 10
3.2 Performance based design………………………………………………………………………. 10 - 11
3.3 Types of bracing systems………………………………………………………………………… 11 - 17

4. CHAPTER 4 : CONCENTRIC BRACED STEEL STRUCTURE……………………………….. 18

4.1 Use of Steel Special Concentrically Braced Frames………………………………… 19 - 20

4.2 Principles for Design of Steel Special Concentrically Braced Frames……… 20 - 21
4.3 General System Performance…………………………………………………………………. 21 - 22
4.4 Behaviours……………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
4.4.1 Intended Behaviour………………………………………………………… 22
4.4.2 System Behaviour…………………………………………………………… 23 -24
4.4.3 Configuration Issues……………………………………………………….. 24 - 26
4.4.4 Element Behaviour…………………………………………………………. 26 - 27
4.5 Methods of Analysis………………………………………………………………………………. 28 - 34
5. CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS………………………………………………………….… 35
6. SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDY…………………………………………………………………….…… 36
7. REFRENCES………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 37 - 38

Dept of structural Engg, Center for PG Studies, VTU Belagavi i

 SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF CONCENTRIC BRACING STEEL STRUCTURE

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.1.1: Concentrically x-bracing………………………………………………………………………………... 04

Fig.1.2: Elevation of EBF system and CBF system………………………………………………..……… 04

Fig.1.3: Generic scheme of the frame………………………………………………………..………………. 04

Fig.3.1: Performance levels………………………………………………………………………………………… 11

Fig.3.3.1: Concentric bracing frame system………………………………………………..……………… 12

Fig.3.3.1 (a): x-braced frame……………………………………………………………..…………... 13

Fig.3.3.1 (b): different ways of diagonal braces………….………………………………….. 14

Fig.3.3.1 (c): different ways of V-bracings………………………………………………..……. 14

Fig.3.3.1 (d): K-bracing…………………………………………………………………………………... 15

Fig3.3.2: Eccentric bracing system……………………………………………………………………….……. 15

Fig.3.3.2 (a): Eccentric Z-Frame ……………………………………………………..…………..... 15

Fig3.3.2 (b): Eccentric K-Frame……………………………………………………………….…….. 16

Fig.3.3.3 (a): knee braced frame……………………………………………………………………………….. 17

Fig.3.3.3 (b): knee braced frame……………………………………………………………………….………. 17

Fig.4.4.2 (a): brace buckling deformation………………………………………………………………….. 23

Fig.4.4.2 (b): Deformation of gusset plate…………………………………………………………………. 24

Fig.4.4.2 (c): Local yielding in beam and column……………………………………….……………… 24

Fig.4.4.3: Various braced frame system configurations………………………………..…………… 25

Fig.4.4.4: Geometric shortening of brace and locations of local yield deformation.…. 27

Dept of structural Engg, Center for PG Studies, VTU Belagavi ii

 SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF CONCENTRIC BRACING STEEL STRUCTURE

Fig.4.5.1: Idealized pushover curve with salient features…………………………………………. 29

Fig.4.5.2: Typical steel frame used in the present study……………………………………….….. 30

Fig.4.5.3: Pushover curves for 1-bay steel frames with X and inverted-V type bracing and
without bracing…………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 32

Fig.4.5.4: Variation of lateral displacements with X and inverted-V type bracing and
without bracing………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34

Fig.4.5.4: Variation of storey drift with X and inverted-V type bracing and without
bracing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 35

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE

CBFs Concentrically Braced Frames

SCBFs Special Concentrically Braced Frames

AISCA American Institute of Steel Construction

PNW Pacific Northwest

CSZ Cascadia Subduction Zone

IS Indian Standard

EBFs Eccentric Bracings

CBFs Concentric Bracings

MRFs Moment-Resisting Frames

PBSD Performance-Based Seismic Design

Dept of structural Engg, Center for PG Studies, VTU Belagavi iii

 SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF CONCENTRIC BRACING STEEL STRUCTURE

Dept of structural Engg, Center for PG Studies, VTU Belagavi iv