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Course 4 (E)
Course 4 (E)
EN 1993‐4‐1 (design)
EN 1991‐4 (actions)
1. Representation of actions on silos
• Loads due to dust explosions shall be
classified as accidental actions.
3. Action assessment classification
4. Design situations for stored solids
in silos
• Loads on silos from the stored solid shall be
considered when the silo is in the full condition.
• The upper characteristic value of the bulk unit
weight ɣ should be used in all load calculations.
• Silos in Action Assessment Class 1 may be
designed for the single value of the mean wall
friction coefficient µm, the mean lateral pressure
ratio Km and the mean internal friction angle Øm
for the stored particulate solid.
• The value adopted in design of the wall
friction coefficient µ for a given particulate
solid should take account of the frictional
character of the surface on which it slides.
In which:
The resulting characteristic value of the vertical force (compressive) in the wall nzSk
per unit length of perimeter after filling at any depth z should be determined as:
– Filling patch load: general requirements:
The filling patch load, or an appropriate alternative,
shall be used to represent accidental asymmetries of
loading associated with eccentricities and
imperfections in the filling process.
where:
– Discharge patch load: thin‐walled circular silos:
The circumferential variation of the filling patch
pressure ppes is given by:
– Discharge patch load: thick‐walled circular silos:
In addition to the outward patch pressure ppe the
remainder of the silo circumference over the same
height of wall should be subjected to an inward
patch pressure ppei given by:
3. Substitute uniform pressure increase for
filling and discharge patch loads
pwf is the filling symmetrical wall frictional traction
pwe is the discharge symmetrical wall frictional traction
8. Squat and intermediate
slenderness silos
1. Filling loads on vertical walls
– Symmetrical filling load:
in which:
where:
h0 is the value of z at the highest solid‐wall contact
ɣ is the characteristic value of the unit weight;
µ is the characteristic value of the wall friction
coeficient for solid sliding on the vertical wall;
K is the characteristic value of the lateral pressure ratio;
z is the depth below the equivalent surface of the solid;
A is the plan cross‐sectional area of the silo;
U is the internal perimeter of the plan cross‐section of the
silo;
Ør is the angle of repose of the solid
The value of vertical pressure pvf at any depth after
filling should be determined as:
where:
They shall be designed for the following load cases:
• the stored solid fluidized;
• the stored solid not fluidized.
• Loads in silos containing fluidized solids