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Time Phrases:

 さっき sakki – a while ago


EXAMPLE さっきのことはありがとう。 sakki no koto wa arigatou. Thank you
for what you did a while ago.
 先ほど sakihodo – a little while ago
EXAMPLE 先ほどいらっしゃいました。 sakihodo irasshaimashita. (he) came a
little while ago.
 たったいま tattaima – just, just now
 たまに tamani – occasionally, sometimes
EXAMPLE たまに東京へ行く。 tama ni toukyou he iku. I go to Tokyo
sometimes.
 まさに masani – just, very, be about to…
 結局 kekkyoku – in the end, after all
結局、恋人になりました。kekkyoku, koibito ni narimashita. In the end, they
became girlfriend / boyfriend.
 たいてい taitei – usually, always, most
 いつでも itsudemo – anytime, always
EXAMPLE いつでも来て下さい。 itsudemo kitte kudasai. Please come anytime.
 きまって kimatte – always
 ずっと zutto – all the time, all the way, far
EXAMPLE 彼はずっとテレビを見た。 kare wa zutto terebi wo mita. He
watched TV for a long time.
 いつか itsuka – some time, someday
EXAMPLE いつか、月へ行きたい。itsuka, tsuki he ikitai. Someday I want to go
to the Moon.
 しばらく shibaraku – for a while
EXAMPLE しばらくお待ち下さい。 shibaraku omachi kudasai. Please wait a
little while.
 そろそろ sorosoro – soon
EXAMPLE そろそろ 始めましょう sorosoro hajimemashou. Let’s begin soon.
 とっくに tokkuni – already, long ago
 このごろ konogoro – these days
 いまごろ imagoro – about this time
EXAMPLE あしたの いまごろ ashita no imagoro – tomorrow about this time

At this Time:

 さきに sakini – before ~ do this, ahead


 さいしょに saisho ni – in the beginning, firstly
EXAMPLE 最初に食べましょう。 saisho ni tabemashou. Let’s eat first.
 さいごに saigo ni – in the end, lastly
EXAMPLE 最後に なりました。 saigo ni narimashita. The end has come.
 いまだに imadani – still, even now

Descriptive Words:

 きちんと kichinto – accurately, exactly


 ちゃんと chanto – correctly, neatly
 ぴったり pittari – exactly, perfect
 はっきり hakkiri – clear, clearly
 ぎりぎり girigiri – just in time, just barely… MORE…
EXAMPLE ぎりぎり逃げた。 girigiri nigeta. (I) just barely escaped.
 いっしょうけんめい isshoukenmei – with all of one’s might, as best as one can
do
 自由に jyuu ni – freely
EXAMPLE 自由に座って下さい。jiyuu ni suwatte kudasai. Please feel free to
take a seat. (choose any seat freely)
 ちょくせつ chokusetsu – directly
EXAMPLE ちょくせつ言う。choku setsu iu. (I) will speak directly.
 急に (きゅうに) kyuuni – suddenly
 にくい nikui – difficult
EXAMPLEこのパンは食べにくいです。 kono pan wa tabe nikui desu. This
bread is hard to eat.
 やすい yasui – easy
EXAMPLE コーラは飲みやすいです。 kora wa nomi yasui desu. Cola is easy to
drink.
 全く mattaku – really, quite, completely
EXAMPLE 全く同じ mattaku onaji. (It’s) exactly the same
 たいがい taigai – most, mostly
Degree of…:

 ずいぶん zuibun – very, a lot


 かなり kanari – fairly, pretty
 結構 kekkou – fairly, pretty ~
EXAMPLE 結構上手ですね。 kekkou jouzu desu ne. (he’s) pretty good (at
something)!
 もっと motto – more
 できるだけ dekiru dake – as much as possible, as much as one can do
EXAMPLE できるだけ、 早く帰ってね。 dekiru dake hayaku kaette ne. Come
back as soon as possible.
 ちっとも chittomo – (not) at all
 ほとんど hotondo – most, almost, nearly all
EXAMPLE ほとんどのアメリカ人は 日本語ができない。 hotondo no amerika
jin wa nihongo ga dekinai. Most Americans can’t speak Japanese.
 あんなに annani – such, like that
 ほど hodo – about some, or so, such
 ~ほど ~ではない ~hodo ~dewanai – not as ~ as ~

Other:

 とにかく tonikaku – anyway, in any case, anyhow


 について nitsuite – About, for
EXAMPLE くまのプーさんについて 話しましょう。 kuma no pu-san nitsuite
hanashimashou. (Let’s talk ABOUT winnie the Pooh.)
 ため tame – For this reason, for his/her benefit
EXAMPLE 由美のためにプレゼントを買った。 yumi no tame ni purezento o
katta. (I bought a present for Yumi.)
 ~ように ~youni – Like this, in this way
EXAMPLE 私のようにして下さい。 watashi no youni shite kudasai. Please do
like me.
 まるで marude – just like, quite
 くれぐれも kure guremo – again and again; repeatedly; earnestly
 しても shitemo – even if, if
 らしい rashii – seems, looks as if, they say that ~
EXAMPLE その絵はとてもピカソらしいですね。 sono e wa totemo pikaso
rashii desu ne. Isn’t that painting very Picasso-ish?
 とくに tokuni – especially, particularly
EXAMPLE 特に素晴らしいことです。 tokuni subarashii koto desu. It’s an
especially wonderful thing!
 はず hazu -should be, must be
EXAMPLE あの店はあるはずです。ano mise wa aru hazu desu. That store
should have it.
 その上 sono ue – besides (what’s more…)
 など nado – and so on, etc.
 すなわち sunawachi – that is to say, or
 むしろ mushiro – rather (than)
 しかも shikamo – besides, and yet

Conjunctions

 だが daga – but, though


 (な)のに (na) noni – though, in spite of
EXAMPLE 勉強してのに、いつも失敗。 benkyou shite noni, itsumo shippai.
Although I study, I always fail.
 (な)ので (na) node – because, since
EXAMPLE 日本語は難しいので もっと勉強します。 nihongo wa muzukashii
node motto benkyou shimasu. Because Japanese is difficult, I will study more.

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