Vocal Music of the Romantic Period Opera Composers of the Romantic Period

 Vocal music is one of the best tools for Franz Peter Schubert
expressing one’s feelings. This form of
 The proper name for Franz Schubert’s
expression became more evident during
songs is actually lieder, which is the
the Romantic Period.
German word for “songs”.
 Romanticism coincided with the Industrial
 Schubert developed lieder so that they had
Revolution in the Western Europe that
a powerful dramatic impact on the
brought about the rise of socialism and
listeners.
capitalism.
 He tapped the poetry of writers like Johann
 The Romantic Period’s basic quality is
Goethe.
emotional subjectivity.
 He is considered the last of the Classical
 Composers explore feelings of grandiosity,
composers and one of the first romantic
intimacy, unpredictability, sadness,
ones.
rapture, and longing.
 His famous vocal music works/lieder
 Romantic vocal forms like the art song and
were:
operas were about fantasy, supernatural,
- Gretchen am Spinnrade
romance, and the nature as mirror of the
- Erlkonig
human heart.
- Ellens Gesang III (Ave Maria)
 Virtuoso performers are not only
- Schwanenge Sang (Swan Song)
instrumentals but also singers.
 He also wrote piano pieces, string quartets,
 One singer sometimes sounds like several
operetta and the Symphony no.8 in B
characters by use of different vocal
Minor (Unfinished Symphony)
register.
 Schubert was born on the 31st of January
 The parallelisms of music and literature
1797 in Himmelpfortgrund, Austria and
were clearly evident in almost all forms of
died in 1828 in Vienna, Austria at age 31.
vocal music during the Romantic Period.
 Composers interpret poems, mood, Giuseppe Verdi
atmosphere and imagery into music.
 His characters are ordinary people and not
 Musical compositions such as the art song
those of the royal family like those found
was written for solo voice and piano.
in German operas.
 Like all program music, art song has its
 He insisted on a good libretto and wrote
inspiration from poetry in this period.
operas with political overtones and for
 Mood is often set at the beginning with
middle-class audience.
piano introduction and concluded with a
 Verdi was born in Parma, Italy on October
piano postlude.
9, 1813.
 Romantic artists found inspiration in
 Studied in Busseto and later went to Milan
landscapes. Their subjects were traditional
where his first opera “Oberto” was
myths, legends, and folklore that usually
performed in La Scala, the most important
deal with the supernatural, grotesque, and
opera house at the time.
less ordinary.
 Almost all of his works are serious love
 Vocal music in this period requires singers
story with unhappy ending.
to perform a greater range of tone color,
 Expressive vocal melody is the soul of a
dynamics, and pitch.
Verdi opera.
 Because of this, Opera became an
 He completed 25 operas throughout his
important source of musical expressions.
career.
The birth of the opera houses came. It was
the place where all the arts converged: not  His final opera ends with “All the world’s
only music, but poetry, painting, a joke”.
architecture, and the dance as well.  Some of his famous works are:
- La Traviata
 - Rigolleto
- Falstaff
- Otello
- Aida
Where he wrote for the opening of the
Suez Canal.
 He died in Milan, Italy on January 27,
1901.
Giacomo Puccini
 Born in a poor family on December 22,
1858 in Lucca, Italy
 Studied at Milan Conservatory
 Belonged to a group of composers who
stressed realism, therefore, he drew
material from everyday life, rejecting
heroic themes from mythology and history
 Famous operas:
- La Boheme
- Tosca
- Madame Butterfly
- Turandot
Richard Wagner
 Born in Leipzig, Germany on May 22,
1813
 Attended Leipzig University
 He was very much inspired by Ludwig van
Beethoven
 Introduced new ideas in harmony and in
form, including extremes of chromaticism
 He also explored the limits of the
traditional tonal system that gave keys and
chords their own identities which paved
the way for the rise of atonality in the 20th
century
 He exerted a strong influence on the
operatic medium.
 He was an advocate of a new form of
opera which he called “music drama”
where musical and dramatic elements were
fused together.
 He developed a compositional style in
which the orchestra has of equal
importance in dramatic roles as the singers
themselves.
 The expressiveness is aided by the use of
leitmotifs or musical sequences standing
for a particular character/plot element.
 Famous works:
- Tristan and Isolde
- Die Walkyrie
- Die Meistersinger
- Tannhauser
- Parsifal
 His work would later influence modern
film scores, including those of Harry
Potter and Lord of the Rings film series.
 Wagner died of a heart attack on February
13, 1883 at age of 69.
Georges Bizet
 Registered with the legal name Alexandre-
Cesar-Leopold Bizet but was baptized
Georges Bizet and was always known by
the latter name.
 He was born on October 25, 1838 in Paris,
France.
 He entered the Paris Conservatory of
music at a very young age.
 His most famous opera is “Carmen”.
 However, when Carmen first opened in
Paris, the reviews were terrible. The shows
were criticized in horrible ways that
resulted in poor audience attendance.
 During the first round of Carmen
performances, Bizet died (June 3, 1875).
He was only 36.
 Four months later, Carmen opened in
Vienna, Austria and was a smash hit. It is
now one of the most popular operas ever
written.
 Bizet never knew that audiences would
come to consider it as his masterpiece.
Romantic Opera
 Opera became increasingly popular during
the Romantic period.
 It is a musical composition having all or
most of its text set to music with arias,
recitative, choruses, duets, trios, etc. sung
to an orchestral accompaniment.
 The opera is usually characterized by
elaborate costumes, scenery, and
choreography.
Components of an Opera
Libretto
- The text of an opera
 - Librettist and the composer work 6. Contralto – lowest female voice and most
closely together to tell the story unique among female
7. Acts – main divisions of an opera
Score
8. Scene – setting or place
- The book that the composer and
Musical Terms:
librettist put together
- The score has all the musical notes, 1. A Capella – one or more singers
words, and ideas to help the performers performing without instrumental
tell the story. accompaniment
- Often, there are operas with overtures, 2. Cantabile – in a singing style
preludes, prologues, several acts, 3. Capo – head, the beginning
finales, and postludes. 4. Coda – closing section appended to a
movement or song
Recitative
5. Dolce – sweetly
- Declamatory singing, used in the prose 6. Falsetto – a weaker and more airy voice
parts and dialogue of opera usually in the higher pitch ranges
- Different roles in operas are created 7. Glissando – sliding quickly between 2
taking into account different types of notes
voices 8. Passagio – parts of a singing voice where
- Each role requires a different type of register transitions occur
singer, not only able to sing a given 9. Rubato – slight speeding up or slowing
vocal range but also with certain voice down of the tempo of a piece at the
characteristics, color, and power. discretion of the soloist
10. Tessitura – the most comfortable singing
Aria range of a singer
- An air or solo singing part sung by a 11. Vibrato – rapidly repeated slight pitch
principal character variation during a sustained note, to give a
- This song is what the public will richer and more varied sound
remember best when leaving the opera
house
- Properly and well sung, a beautiful aria
can bring an audience to its feet and
decide the fate of an entire opera
Types of Singer
For the Male Voice:
1. Tenor – highest male voice
2. Baritone – middle male voice, lies between
Bass and Tenor voices, common male
voice
3. Bass – lowest male voice
For the Female Voice:
1. Soprano – highest female voice
2. Coloratura – highest soprano voice
3. Lyric – bright and full sound
4. Dramatic – darker full sound
5. Mezzo-soprano – most common female
voice; strong middle voice, tone is darker
or deeper than the soprano
Different Angle Shots of Photography Different Types of Intentional Injuries
1. Tilt 1. Flaming
- Shot in which the camera angle is - Sending rude/vulgar messages directly
deliberately slanted to one side to a specific person
- Commonly used for dramatic effects 2. Harassment
and to portray feelings of uneasiness, - Repeatedly sending/doing action to a
disorientation, intoxication, etc. specific person
2. Soft Focus 3. Cyber Stalking
- A shot that gives the appearance of - Somehow similar to harassment since
blurring while retaining sharp edges it is done repeatedly
- Used as an effect to eliminate - Highly intimidating that includes threat
blemishes, and in general, produces to a specific person
dream-like images 4. Denigration
3. Framing Shot - Put-downs
- Focuses on the image where the - “tsismis”
photographer wants it - Sending/posting harmful, untrue
4. Backlight Shot statements to a person
- Refers to a shot where the source of 5. Masquerading
light used to expose the film comes - Pretending to be someone else
from behind the subject - “posers”
5. Freeze-Frame Shot - Projection – defense mechanisms
- Captures fast movement using ordinary - To fit in
camera or video gear 6. Outing and Trickery
- Reveals interesting structures not - Deride
visible to the naked eye - Sending/posting materials about a
6. High Angle Shot person that is sending embarrassing
- Looks down on the subject and sensitive content
7. Bird’s Eye Shot 7. Exclusion
- Elevated view of the subject from - Excluding a specific person
above with a perspective as though the
observer was a bird
8. Eye-level Shot
- It is where you are in the same height
and angle as the subject
9. Panning Shot
- Refers to where the camera follows the
subject from left to right or right to
left, blurring the backgrounds and
show speed
10. Wide-Angle Shot or Panoramic Shot
- Makes for some amazing shots that
capture a sweeping view of your
subject
Badminton
History
 Played in ancient Greece and Egypt
 The beginnings of badminton can be traced
to mid-18th century British India
 Initially, balls of wool referred as ball
badminton but ultimately, the shuttlecock
stuck.
 The International Badminton Federation
(IBF) now known as Badminton World
Federation was established in 1934
 Was first contested as an official Olympic
sport at the 1992 Olympics
Parts of a Badminton Racket
1. Head
- Oval part of the racket, including the
frame and the stringing
2. Shaft
- Elongated part of the racket that ends
in the head
3. Butt
- Enlarged end of the shaft that prevents
the hand from slipping off the handle
4. Handle
- Part of the shaft that the player grips to
control the racket
5. Frame
- Racket frame to which the stringing is
attached
6. Stringing
- Surface of interlaced strings of
synthetic or natural fiber that is used to
strike a shuttlecock
Grips
1. Forehand Grip
- Used to hit shots that are on the
forehand side of your body and around
the head shots
- Left or Right Forehand
2. Backhand Grip
- Grip is used to hit shots that are on the
backhand side of your body
- Left or Right Backhand
Equipments
1. Racquet
- Lightweight (70-95 grams), not
including grip or strings
- Composed of many different materials
(carbon fiber composite aluminum)
2. Shuttlecock
- High-drag projectile, with an open
conical shape: the cone is formed from
16 overlapping feathers embedded into
a rounded cork base
- The cork is covered with thin leather or
synthetic material
- Synthetic shuttles (nylon) are often
used by recreational players to reduce
their costs as feathered shuttles break
easily
Plastic/Nylon – outdoors
Feathered - indoors
 Chess
History
 Invented in India in 6th century AD and
spread to Persia
 Evolved from Chaturanga (board game)
 Chess improved.
 Different countries = Different version of
chess
 East Chess: Shell pieces
 West Chess: Europeans declared official
chess pieces
Benefits
 Improve problem solving
 Improve logic reasoning
 Improve patience and persistence
 Improve decision-making skills
Pieces
7 pieces including chess board
16 pieces per color
1. Pawn
- Forward movement only
- 8 pawns at the beginning
- Can only eat diagonally
- If it reaches the other side of the board,
it can be promoted to rook, bishop,
queen, knight
2. Rook
- Straight (vertical & horizontal)
- 2 rooks at the beginning
3. Bishop
- Diagonals
- 2 bishops at the beginning
4. Knight
- L shape (4 spaces)
- Can jump unlike other pieces
- 2 knights at the beginning
5. Queen
- Powerful
- Any direction except knight
- One queen at the beginning
6. King
- One square at a time
- When ate, game over