MF18, ORTEGA, Nicole O.

11-20-18
Gr. 8 SSC Mendel
Ma’am Castro

Data Processing
-is the conversion of data into usable and desired form. It is a
means of converting information either manually or by machine into
quantitative and qualitative forms for use in research analysis.

Data Matrix
-presentation of data that is usually in tabular form. This is useful
in analysis and interpretation because they give a clear picture of
the results of the study.

Dummy Tables
-helpful in preparing for the data matrix because they are used in
planning, summarizing, organizing, and analyzing the data on how
the different variables differ with each other.

Statistical Treatment
- to apply any statistical method to your data. Treatments are
divided into two groups: descriptive statistics, which summarize
your data as a graph or summary statistic and inferential statistics,
which make predictions and test hypotheses about your data.

Steps of Data Processing

1. Editing of Data
Editing is the process of examining the data collected in
questionnaires/schedules to detect errors and omissions and to see
that they are corrected and the schedules are ready for tabulation.

2. Coding of Data
Coding is necessary for efficient analysis and through it the several
replies may be reduced to a small number of classes which contain
the critical information required for analysis.

3. Classification of Data
Classification or categorization is the process of grouping the
statistical data under various understandable homogeneous groups
for the purpose of convenient interpretation.

4. Tabulation of Data
Tabulation is the process of summarizing raw data and displaying it
in compact form for further analysis.

5. Data Diagrams
Diagrams are charts and graphs used to present data. These
facilitate getting the attention of the reader more. These help
presenting data more effectively. Creative presentation of data is
possible. The data diagrams classified into:
1. Charts: A chart is a diagrammatic form of data presentation.
Bar charts, rectangles, squares and circles can be used to
present data.
2. Graphs: The method of presenting numerical data in visual
form is called graph, A graph gives relationship between two
variables by means of either a curve or a straight line. Graphs
may be divided into two categories. (1) Graphs of Time Series
and (2) Graphs of Frequency Distribution. In graphs of time
series one of the factors is time and other or others is / are
the study factors. Graphs on frequency show the distribution
of by income, age, etc. of executives and so on.

Examples of Non- Scientific Sampling

Purposive Sampling- when conducting a street
poll about an issue, a researcher would want to ensure that he or
she speaks with as many different kinds of people as possible in
order to construct a robust view of the issue from the public's
perspective.

Incidental Sampling- using student volunteers as

subjects for the research. Another example is using subjects that
are selected from a clinic, a class or an institution that is easily
accessible to the researcher. A more concrete example is
choosing five people from a class or choosing the first five

names from the list of patients .

Quota Sampling- In a study wherein the researcher
likes to compare the academic performance of the different high
school class levels, its relationship with gender and
socioeconomic status, the researcher first identifies the
subgroups.
Usually, the subgroups are the characteristics or variables of the
study. The researcher divides the entire population into class
levels, intersected with gender and socioeconomic status.