A REVIEW OF WASTE HEAT RECOVERY WITH ORGANIC

RANKINE IN DIESEL ENGINES.

ABSTRACT:
Energy in this new age now has become an integral part of sustainable human life. The domestic
or industrial energy demand keeps on increasing in spite of rapidly depleting conventional energy
resources. This problem leads to different research areas among which, one was the Waste Heat
Recovery (WHR) approach. This Article reviews the Organic Rankine Cycle for waste heat
recovery by using waste heat rejected by Diesel Engine. The review distinguished some basic
varying parameters like Working Fluid, Cycle Architecture and temperature ranges that affected
the thermal efficiency of the cycle. The most influential factor on cycle’s thermal efficiency was
found to be variations in working fluids with binary mixture fluid yielding better thermal efficiency
than the pure fluids.
In any industry, there are different sources
producing waste heat which can be recycled
INTRODUCTION:
or recused. One of these sources are engines
Over the past few decades, the energy crises mainly diesel engine. Diesel Engine, from the
is on the rise mainly due to the fossil fuel dawn of the conventional energy, has played
depletion and adverse effects of burning of
fossil fuels. Burning of fossil fuels produce
CO2, NO2, SO2 and other harmful pollutants
which results in greenhouse effect, ozone
layer depletion, extreme weathers and smog.
So, it has become mandatory, for the sake of
clean and green environment, that burning of
fossil fuels be eliminated or limited. And due
to limited fossil fuels resources and high
taxation on conventional energy, the energy
prices all over the world are increasing. Thus,
it is needed that our existing energy
generation processes be optimized, one such an important role in Agriculture, Transport
way is the Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) that and electricity generation as well as it is a
is the use of waste heat resulting from major contributor of CO2 emissions in the
different processes in industries to be used atmosphere. This is due to the fact that more
again for electricity generation and other than 60% of combusted mixture from
purposes, thus leading to more economical combustion process goes to environment as
and environmental friendly approach. It is waste heat [1]. Thus, this waste heat can be
environmental friendly as Waste Heat recovered and converted into useful work
Recovery (WHR) does not require any leading to pollutants free environment and
additional burning of fossil fuels. maximum utilization of available resources.
Generally, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is
employed for electricity production from
heat, employing the waste heat from sources
such as geothermal, biomass and Engines.
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is considered
a feasible solution for electricity generation
because of its minimal environmental
impacts. Organic Rankine cycle is a
thermodynamic cycle used to produce work
done by employing an organic fluid as a
working fluid instead of water. The working
fluid has low latent heat and boiling point
leading to reduced evaporation. The
Schematic of the Organic Rankine Cycle is
much simpler than the Steam Rankine cycle:
Only one single heat exchanger is sufficient
for the three evaporation stages that are
preheating, vaporization and superheating.
Using of bleed steam from turbine for
reheating is not suitable for Organic Rankine
Cycle because of low temperatures and there
is not much possibility for any variation in the
ORC cycle architecture. However, to
increase the efficiency of the cycle, a
recuperator can be employed to be used as a
liquid preheater between the outlet of pump
and the expander outlet. This reduces the
amount of heat required for the vaporization
of the fluid in the evaporator [2]. A simple
ORC schematic is shown in Figure 1 and TS
diagram in Figure 2:
From the Figure 1 and figure 2, it can be seen
that working of ORC is simple: The organic
working fluid is firstly compressed by the
pump then in the evaporator heat is absorbed
by the working fluid, this heat is rejected
from diesel engine and is recovered by
evaporator as waste heat. After heat
absorption, the heated vaporized fluid
expands through turbine and lastly cools
down in the condenser again returning to
liquid state.
Now as to why the other thermodynamics
cycles are not being used for Waste heat
recovery (WHR) is due to the simplicity,
safety (low temperatures) and ability to use
diverse working fluids mainly organic
working fluids of Organic Rankine Cycle. As
waste heat has low phase change
temperatures so the use of organic working
fluids is optimal choice which is limited to
ORC [3]. Moreover, ORC is widely used for
Waste Heat Recovery because of its potential
of decentralized power generation system
compared to its counter conventional
thermodynamic cycles and its low
maintenance costs.
Literature:
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is considered
an economical solution for electricity
production from low and moderate
temperature sources like waste heat recovery.
A general review for Internal Combustion
(IC) Engine waste heat recovery summarizes
that Organic Rankine cycle are the optimal
choice for the Low or moderate temperature
waste heat recovery as The ORC can operate
efficiently (using the standard components of
Rankine cycle) employing these moderate
temperatures. Depending on the electricity
production requirement different output
machinery like turbomachinery or
displacement type expanders are used. Two
Main variables that highly impact the
efficiency of Organic Rankine Cycle for
Waste Heat Recovery were identified to be:
Working Fluid and The Cycle Expanders
[4].
As the thermodynamics properties of
working fluids have considerable impact on
overall cycle efficiency therefore the review
of waste heat recovery from Heavy duty
Diesel Truck engines using ORC lead to the
fact that Isentropic Fluid Mixture, relatively
wet or dry are optimal choice for ORC waste
heat recovery systems Moreover the optimal
working fluids can be selected on the basis of
temperature range of system operations
specifically for the Dynamic Systems along
with the size of heat exchanger owing to
small spaces and environmental and public
safety factors. The results were concluded
that the binary mixture fluids with water as
the component i.e Fluorinol-50 can attain
upto 15% increase in thermal efficiency and
also the zeotropic fluid mixtures in
comparison with the use of pure fluids. The
future research potential was found in
investigation of mixture working fluids for
ORC Waste Heat Recovery for on road
Vehicle applications [5].
References:
1. Anh T. H., (2018). “Waste heat recovery
from diesel engines based on Organic
Rankine Cycle”Applied Energy,231,138-
166.
2. S. Quoilin, M. Van Den Broek, S.
Declaye, P. Dewa1eff, V.Lemort, (2013)
"Techno-economic survey of Organic
Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems",
Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 22, 168-186.
3. A. Javanshir. N. Sarunac, Z.
Razzaghpanah, (2017). “Thermodynamic
Analysis of ORC and Its Application for
Waste Heat Recovery”, Sustainability,
vol. 9, 11, 1-26.
4. C. Sprouse, C. Depcik, (2013), “Review
of organic Rankine cycles for internal
combustion engine exhaust waste heat
recovery”, Applied Thermal
Engineering,51,711-722.
5. H. Teng. G. Renger, C. Cowland, (2007)
“Waste Heat Recovery of Heavy-Duty
Diesel Engines by Organic Rankine
Cycle Part II: Working Fluids for WHR-
ORC”, SAE Technical Paper
Series,01,0543.