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in

5 th
September
Double Filers
1. The busy, ______ fabric of the clown’s tie
matched his oversized jacket, which was
equally __________.
a. Mottled, atrocious
b. Bleak, attractive
c. Credible, beautiful
d. Malleable, impressive
e. Communicable, commendable
C.
1. And Snickers are my favorite chocolate
bars.
2. The only problem is they make you fat.
3. Sometimes it is difficult enough.
4. I like Snickers very much.
5. That's why when I go past the sweet shop
I always try to stop myself from going in.
Cloze Test – Easy

2. Kamlesh’s talent ______ under the tutelage
of Anjum chopra, who as a young woman
had been the most accomplished pianist
in her native Punjab.
a. Bantered, sought after
b. Touted, searched
c. flourished , accomplished
d. embellished, decorated
e. colluded, accomplice
3. The children were ______ by the seemingly
nonsensical _______ until Karan pointed
out that the messages were in code.
a. Censured, talk
b. Striated, wit
c. Feigned, cues
d. Prevaricated, ways
e. flummoxed, clues
Parajumble SE351
A.
1. The girl had no time to look for it.
2. She hurried down the stairs and lost one
of her prettiest shoes.
3. At midnight Cinderella ran away from the
palace.
4. She hid herself behind a tree.
5. She was so unhappy.
In some parts of the world, the ground shakes
from time to time. This is called a(an) __1__and if
it’s a bad one, the number of __2__ (dead and
injured people) is sometimes large. Buildings
often __3__ and __4__teams have to search for
people who are __5__under the __6__. Sometimes
water supplies are affected and there is a(an)
__7__ of disease, called a(an) __8__. __9__teams
are sent by the government to help the sick. The
death __10__can reach hundreds or even
thousands.
1. A) casualty B) outbreak
C) earthquake D) collapse
2. A) casualties B) outbreaks
C) epidemics D) wounded
3. A) tremble B) outbreak C) quake D) collapse
4. A) epidemic B) quake C) rescue D) saving
5. A) pressed B) squeezed C) rescued D) trapped
6. A) rubble B) toll C) bubble D) hole
7. A) casualty B) outbreak
C) abundance D) collapse
8. A) epidemic B) disaster C) illness D) outbreak
9. A) epidemic B) medical C) rescue D) quake
10. A) rubble B) toll C) result D) outbreak

B.
1. "Look here!" said the farmer "when shall I
see the city?"
2. A farmer went to Chicago to see the
sights of the city.
3. The clerk answered, "We have breakfast
from 7 to 11, dinner from 12 to 13,
supper from 6 to 8".
4. He asked the clerk about the hours for
meals.
5. He engaged a room at a hotel.

9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur


Is India really cheaper
than the US?
The Penn Effect is that prices of goods and
services in developed countries (DCs) are, after
using market exchange rates, substantially
higher than those in less-developed countries
(LDCs). The World Bank in 2015 estimated that
prices are more than three times higher in the
US than in India. This price differential is huge.
This raises some interesting questions.
Why aren’t very many tourists from the US
attracted to India, if the prices are very low in
India? Also, the price differential can be
attractive to migrants who had initially shifted
from India. In their retirement years, the
migrants could return home but this hardly
happens.
Prices in the US are, as mentioned earlier, more
than three times the prices in India. Let us
consider this number in perspective. Pension
funds in the US are, as discussed by Richard A.
Marin, still going through a near-crisis as they
have large unfunded liabilities. The size is still
debated. If the shortfall is a quarter of the
liabilities, then on one hand, a shortfall of 25%
is viewed as a near-crisis. On the other hand,
there is an opportunity to get 200% more by
shifting to India! But we do not see this
behaviour.
There are other examples as well. Financially
constrained students in the US hardly ever
consider India for higher education even though
the fees can be even less than one-third. The
usual explanations lie in non-economic factors.
There is indeed merit in such explanations.
However, there can be, as new research by this
author shows, a simple economic factor: while
the observed prices are indeed low, the effective
prices are not very low in India.
It is usual to view only the money paid for a
good or service as the price, and rightly so—in
the context of DCs. However, in LDCs, there can
be an additional price. So, the effective prices in
LDCs are not as low as the observed prices are.
The basic reason is as follows. There are some
well-known features of an LDC; these are
usually viewed as part of the narrative that
describes an LDC, and nothing more from the
9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur
www.sanctumenglish.in
viewpoint of pricing in LDCs. However, pricing in
LDCs can be different and more complex than in
DCs; the money price is not the only price. There
are other considerations which make the
effective prices higher than the observed prices
in LDCs.
There can be various adjustments to observed
prices, which are required to arrive at effective
prices in LDCs. A brief explanation is as follows.
First, it takes more time and trouble to buy
goods and services in India. For example, an
Uber ride is much cheaper monetarily in India
but it typically takes much longer to cover the
same distance—thanks to the traffic and road
conditions in India. So, the time-adjusted price
in India is not as low as the observed price is.
Second, there is often a negative externality,
which is not accounted for in the observed price.
Hawkers operate on the roadside; their prices
are low but their operations can slow down the
traffic movements and cause difficulties to very
many people every day. While goods can be
cheap for a homemaker, the same feature can be
troublesome for the spouse and other family
members who use the road for commuting and
making a living. So, the “externality”-adjusted
price is not as low as the observed price is.
Third, there is often a risk in purchases. For
example, medical charges can be relatively low
in India but there is a question mark about the
competence of a medical practitioner (and even
about the arrangements in many hospitals). So,
the risk-adjusted price can be higher than the
observed price.
Fourth, quality is low in India. This is well
known but not adequately appreciated. For
example, while the cost of higher education in
India is low, the quality too is typically quite low.
So, the quality-adjusted price of education can
be high in India.
In LDCs, the distinction between effective prices
and observed prices is very important. In
contrast, in DCs, there is hardly any need to
make such a distinction, given the nature of
those economies. So, the effective prices are
much closer to the observed prices in DCs.
It is interesting that the Penn Effect is consistent
with “catch-up inflation”. The latter refers to the
idea that as a country like India develops and
shifts from being an LDC to becoming a DC in
 www.sanctumenglish.in
future, prices will rise (over and above what is Daily Vocab – The Hindu Editorial – 5 sept – on
implied by the more familiar inflation). A little the crisis in the Korean peninsula
reflection will show that there is a close
similarity between the two ideas. Peninsula – ायद प area of land that is almost
However, the idea of “catch-up inflation” has not
surrounded by water but is joined to a larger
been widely accepted in the economics
piece of land
literature. Given this somewhat widespread
view, consistency demands that economists De- escalate – कम होना to decrease
should question the Penn Effect as well. This is Unabated – कम न होना without becoming any less
hardly observed in practice. This column differs strong
with the usual view and it questions not only
Cock a snook at sb/sth – ऐसा काम जो कसी के लए
“catch-up inflation” but also the Penn Effect.
If prices are more than three times higher in the अनादर दशाता है to do sth that clearly shows you
US than in India, the exchange rate based on don’t respect sb/sth
purchasing power parity (PPP) is less than Ratchet up – बढ़ाना to increase
Rs21.38 per dollar (21.38=64.13/3, where 64.13
is the market price of dollar in terms of rupees Appeasement – खुश करना to please
on 23 August). Now the concept of PPP is Totalitarian – एक पाट क सरकार only one party
basically sound. However, it uses observed
have complete power
prices. If observed prices are adjusted to arrive
at effective prices, this leads to the new notion of Quest - खोज search
adjusted-PPP. Regime – शासन govt/administration
It is true that the use of market exchange rates
Impoverished – गर बी to make sb poor
can underestimate the gross domestic product of
a country like India relative to that of a DC. So Parity – समानता equality
many economists advocate the use of exchange
Beleaguered - मुि कल म experience a difficulty
rate based on PPP. However, this can
overestimate the GDP in India. So, it may help to
consider adjusted-PPP to get the correct picture.
Gurbachan Singh is an independent researcher
and visiting faculty at the Indian Statistical
Institute, Delhi centre.

9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur

 www.sanctumenglish.in
Phrasal Verb
Common Error Pronoun
Expressions with Take
51. We think education, health (a)/ experience
1. Don’t forget to take ______ notes of everything
and those sorts of things (b)/ are generally the
he says at the conference.
main benefits for (c)/ modern tour and travel.
A) down B) over C) on
(d)/ No error (e)
2. The shop owner decided to take US$5.00 52. After toiling very hard over a long (a)/ period
______ the price. project, my friend found (b)/ he had hardly
A) out B) off C) away made (c)/ no profit at all. (d)/ No error (e)

3. John did not accept the job, for he did not 53. My mother does not (a)/ like me sleeping (b)/
want to take ______ all those responsibilities. most of the time (c)/ in a twenty-four hour. (d)/
A) on B) out C) for No error (e)

4. How can I take all these stains ______ from 54. The idea who shook (a)/ the whole world was
my tablecloth? (b)/ published one in (c)/ of his unknown
A) apart B) away C) out journals. (d)/ No error

55. It is said (a)/ by some persons (b)/ that one

5. I know you are tired and disappointed, but
of the bank (c)/ could solve economic problem.
don’t take it ______ on me.
(d)/ No error (e)
A) off B) out C) after
56. Our soldiers (a)/ were better trained (b)/
6. Have the children taken ______ their new than that (c)/ of enemies. (d)/ No error (e)
teacher?
A) up B) to C) over 57. He told his friends that (a)/ each of them
(b)/ should be able to carry out the order
7. You should take your brother ______ on his oneself. (c)/ No error (d)
offer to help you do it.
58. Sweta has such a fine (a)/ memory that she
A) up B) in C) at
can (b)/ recollect anything what (c)/ happened
many years ago. (d)/ No error (e)
8. The plane will take ______ in ten minutes.
A) out B) in C) off 59. One of my good qualities (a)/ is that I don’t
(b)/ take things like (c)/ this very seriously. (d)/
9. These big books shouldn’t be taken ______ No error (e)
from the library.
A) after B) in C) away 60. One of his greatest contributions (a)/ to
social reform (b)/ was their movement for (c)/
10. Take ______ account everything he’s done for eradication of child marriages. (d)/ No error (e)
us.
A) into B) for C) after

11. Don’t let yourself be taken ______ by anyone.

A) into B) in C) on

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 www.sanctumenglish.in

Answers
Double Fillers - ACE
Parajumble
A. 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
B. 2,5,4,3,1
C 4,12,5,3

Cloze Test - 1-C 2-A 3-D 4-C 5-D 6-A 7-B 8-A
9-B 10-B
Phrasal Verbs:
1-A 2-B 3-A 4-C 5-B 6-B 7-A 8-C 9-C 10-A 11-B

Common Error

51. A. these sort of things

52. C. any profit at all : any in negative
sentences (hardly)
53. B. my sleeping (possessive case before
gerund, but use objective case after verbs hear,
find. Ex- we found him playing cricket.)
54. A. The idea that shook
55. C. one of the banks
56. C. those in place of that (comparison is in
plural – our soldiers so those)
57. C. himself
58. c. anything that (we use that after anything,
everything, something, nothing)
59. D. these (it’s used for things, things is plural
so these)
60. C. his movement (antecedent is singular)

9982019963 Gopal pura, Jaipur