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TE Lawrence
TE Lawrence
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1) Life of Lawrence:
during World War I who through his valor, genius mind and by being a desirable person
His early life was quite independent starting from his birth which was a result of
an illegal affair between his mother; a mistress of his father, Sir Thomas Chapman.
Unlike his four brothers, he was physically unattractive due to his short height but was
unique in his thinking and behavior. He had high willing power with strong perception of
doing and achieving everything at his own hands. He received Honor’s degree from
Oxford in History subject and since then started having interest in the Arabs and their
1910-1914 to learn more about the language and behavior of the Arabs (Browne n.p.).
Then there came the time of World War I that totally changed the course of
history and life for Lawrence in every way. He got appointed as a lieutenant in the
British army and in 1915 became a part of the Military Intelligence Department in Cairo.
In 1916, he was promoted to post of captain but found the office work boring. His dream
was to assist Arabs against their Turkish enemies. It came true through his very first
secret mission to arrange an escape for Maj. Gen. Townshed and his men captured by
Turkish. After its completion, he wrote impressive reports on Arabs nationalism that
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made his superiors to send him to another mission (Browne n.p.) - a mission to assist
Arabs.
He got appointed as a liaison officer to Prince Faisal and assists him and his army
in every way to fight back the Ottoman armies and conquer the Madina and other
important cities of Arabia. The situation of the Arabs, known as Bedouins was quite
depressing. They had no sense of discipline and were always ready to start fighting
without making a proper planning. On the other hand, their head, Feisal was a cool
tempered and patient leader who knew all necessary skills and tactics (Browne n.p.).
Since, he needed someone to assist him in managing the Bedouins army, so Lawrence did
so in every possible way. He, using his skilled guerilla tactics, designed strategies that
and Arab’s army. They together captured the coastal town of Wejh and intended to
conquer beyond Syria, Madina and Damascus. Lawrence’s goal was to positively involve
the Arabs through their terrain knowledge and courage and strike at the Turkish supplies
center i.e. the Hejaz Railway by conquering Red sea port of Aqaba. He tactfully consulted
several Arab’s tribal heads to assist them in doing so and got their approval. Through then
achieved the goal of attaining a free land for Arabs. From that moment, he was called by
On one side he was making victories one by one for making Arab’s dream of
independence possible, while on the other hand, the British and French made a diplomatic
agreement known as “Sykes-Picot” in which they decided to establish Jewish rule in Arab
(Browne n.p.). Lawrence also assisted Arab in this time. He went to peace conference in
Paris by being an interpreter of Feisal and spoke for the rights of Arabs. He refused his
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military titles. His struggles worked out in form of appointing Feisal as the king of Iraq.
Till that time, he also started writing his famous book “Seven pillars of wisdom” and later
wrote few others. He got fame through a journalist Lowell Thomas who started writing
about his victories. Despite of that, Lawrence avoided the life of fame and chose to lead
anonymous life. He later joined RAF under a false name and after retirement got his life
In short, his life spanned from being a famous person but ending at being
dismayed by it. Nevertheless, he was a man of true abilities who looked ordinary but
2) Works in general:
Apart from a heroic life and actions, he works were based on two fields i.e. first
writing and secondly his correspondence. He wrote a number of books, journals, letters,
periodicals etc. his correspondence was based on his vast range of acquaintances and the
impressive letters he wrote describing his interests and character (Wilson, n.p.). Each of
described the time he spent with Arabs while assisting Feisal against
after his death. He also wrote a short book named “The Mint” in which
also translated some famous stories such as “The Forest Giant” and
Bernard Shaw and many other artists, archeologists, tourists and civil
personalities.
This book is indeed a written form of the war time that Lawrence spent in
Arabia. He narrated all the events, his mental and physical conditions at various
points, the habits of Arabs and their leaders and the role of British government in that
entire scenario.
beyond the imaginations; to present himself as a helping guide to the people who
desperately needed freedom and thus tried to his best what he really hoped for. Those
It moves on describing his personal interaction and negotiations with the prince Feisal
and the difficulties they had to face while training the rebellious tribes of Arabs and
Bedouins who lack the ability of decision making and war skills. As he quoted in his
book:
“We had been hopelessly laboring to plough waste lands; to make nationality grow in
a place full of the certainty of God… Among the tribes our creed could be only like the
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desert grass – a beautiful swift seeming of spring; which, after a day’s heat, fell dusty
But Lawrence using his guerilla tactics moved them toward fighting courageously for
their land’s freedom. He taught them how to be disciplined and seek their freedom. As he
said:
““In peace-armies discipline meant the hunt, not of an average but of an absolute;
the hundred per cent standard in which the ninety-nine were played down to the level of
the weakest man on parade…. The deeper the discipline, the lower was the individual
excellence; also the more sure the performance (“T. E. Lawrence: quotes” n.p.).”
targeting places to be conquered and hence lead those toward victory when finally
conquered Damascus. Throughout these years, he cloaked himself into the identity of
Arabs and doing nothing but all for their cause and needs. As he said in his book:
“I had dropped one form and not taken on the other, and was become like
Mohammed's coffin in our legend, with a resultant feeling of intense loneliness in life, and
a contempt, not for other men, but for all they do (“T. E. Lawrence: quotes” n.p.).”
He also points out the selfish act signed between the British and French and felt
ashamed for he thought of himself as helping out the Arabs and later taking them toward
“Yet when we achieved and the new world dawned, the old men came out again and
took our victory to remake in the likeness of the former world they knew. Youth could win,
but had not learned to keep, and was pitiably weak against age. We stammered that we
had worked for a new heaven and a new earth, and they thanked us kindly and made their
In nutshell, the theme of his book is more than of an autobiography. It is rather his
Lawrence viewed Arabs as a narrow minded people who had morality and
intellectual but only in terms of civilization, not in form of proper actions. According to
him, this was their “lack of public spirit” that made their qualities diminish in form of
failure in achieving their goals (Lawrence 21). However, the Arabs maintained their
language, saving their literature and orienting their minds according to it. They lost their
“A first difficulty of the Arab movement was to say who the Arabs were (Lawrence
14).”
But they never compromised ever on their national language. This high spirited
nation do had low grip on their ideas but never on their conduct.
Lawrence also was contended with them since they had firm belief on him.
According to him:
Arabs always believed in knowing the truth. They knew only belief and unbelief.
They were too extremists. At one time they are the cool-tempered just people and at other
end they are deadly enough to kill anyone forcing them to compromise against their wills.
However, they were not creative at all. They had no taste for arts or handicrafts or any
sort of architectural knowledge. They lacked a mind of management and thus had no
industrial setup. They had no desire of learning about life secrets. They never mourned on
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deaths and considered suicide as a sinful act. He considered them as a confused nation
(Lawrence 21).
26). He looked upon Arabs as people who have no proper way of thinking. They were
According to Lawrence, Islam was embedded in the hearts of the Arabs. This
religion was based on the teachings of the holy book of Islam i.e. “Koran” which was
written in Arabic language. It was the utmost duty of each Arab, the Moslem to recite;
The Arabs had a strong belief in their religion. They believed in a God and firmly
believed that God lives within them. According to Islam, the people always need a
“Prophet” to guide them through life. Arabs told that forty thousand prophets were sent
out of which they only recorded at least 100. According to their religion, the Prophets
were mostly born in crowded places. They used to lead the initial part of their sacred life
in wilderness, loneliness i.e. in desserts and once they consider themselves ready, they set
They were too much inspired by their Prophets. If they are led toward any quest
for getting “riches on earth” then they would go that far, but it they encounter their
Prophet meanwhile who is very down to earth and wise, they would leave everything for
Asia. The life of T. E. Lawrence clearly depicts that he had keen desire of studying
Asians and visiting their places. He had totally orientalist views about Arabs. According
to Lawrence:
“They were a limited, narrow-minded people, whose inert intellects lay fallow in
their firm belief on their religion but never having desire to question the roots of it. He
considered the inhabitants of the deserts i.e. Bedouins as people living a shallow life. He
pictured them as dependent souls on himself only who cannot decide or even move a step
forward without his guidance. In one occasion, he also presented the leaders as greedy
ones who do everything for sake of money. Moreover, he also presented Turkish people
is principally a way of defining and ‘locating’ Europe’s others” (Ash and Ahluwalia
48).
depicted the Arabs just for highlighting his role toward achieving the freedom for the
attitudes.
rejected all rewards from the government after the completion of this
mission.
presented himself a guider who can only show them how to articulate
It can be seen that Said was against this Lawrence’s encoded and comparison version
of Orientals i.e. the Arabs with himself. In this way, it seemed as Lawrence wanted the
readers to view Arabs, their religion and culture as a deviation and inferior status (Ash and
“The Oriental was always like some aspect of the West; to some German Romantics,
pantheism. Yet the Orientalist makes it his work to be always converting the Orient from
something into something else: he does this for himself, for the sake of his culture.” (Ash and
Ahluwalia 62)
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In other words, Said was against the negative scrutinized version of Arab society as
explained by Lawrence. One must respect the other nation’s civilization. He forced that care
should be taken while describing Orients and Orientals because this might lead toward a
political issue or conflict. He emphasized that it is up to the orientalist that “how the
Orientalist ‘makes the Orient speak, describes the Orient, renders its mysteries plain for and
Works Cited
1- Ash, Croft, and Pal Ahluwalia. Edward Said. 2nd ed. N.p. n.d. Print
4- Llora, Miguel B. “Homage to Edward Said.” Mllora.com. 5 July, 2012, Web 1st Dec.
2012.
5- “T. E. Lawrence: quotes.” Goodreads n.p. n.d. Web. 1st Dec. 2012.
6- Wilson, Jeremy. “T. E. Lawrence as Writer.” T. E. Lawrence studies. N.p. n.d. Web.