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SELECTIONS
ILLUSTRATIVE OF ROMAN LIFE
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P?288eK SELECTIONS
ILLUSTRATIVE OF ROMAN LIFE
FROM THE
LETTERS OF PLINY t
ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF BEGINNERS
With Vocabulary and Notes
BY
CHARLES HAINES KEENE, M.A.
j£ o n u o n
MAC MILL AX AND CO
AND NEW YORK
1895
All righU reserved
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Introduction, - - vii
Text—
The Man of Letters, - .... 1
The Advocate and Politician, - - - - 13
Social and Domestic Life, - - 20

Beauties and Wonders oi Xattre. - - - 36
Abbreviations, 4S
Vocabulary. - - - 49
Notes, - - - 1"1
Index, 114
Illustrations —
Maison Carree, FrontispU
Writing-Tablets, Etc., - - - 6
Specimens of As, "2-2
Caldaricm of Baths at Pompeii, - - - 27
Lyre and Wine Jar. 31
Vesuvius, 42
INTRODUCTION.
Thf; Letters of Th'nv are anions the most interestinL r
records we have of Roman life in the first century

A.]» Pliny was born in 61 A.D., of a wealthy and
honourable family at Comum. on the Lacus Larius,
now the Lago di Como. He is commonly called the
vounuer Plinv, to distinguish him from his uncle, the
elder Pliny, the celebrated author of the Historia
Naturalis. He lost his father early, and the famous
Verginius Rufus, who three times refused the imperial
purple, became his guardian. His uncle by his will
made him his adopted son, and he then asM.med the
name Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus. His name
had previously been Publius Caecilius Secundus. His
boyhood was passed in retirement at Como during
the reigns of Xero, Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. On
the accession of Vespasian he accompanied his uncle
to Rome, where he finished his education and attended
the lectures of the celebrated rhetorician Quintilian.
vii
viii ROMAN LIFE.
He first appeared as a pleader about a year after his

uncle's death, which took place on the occasion of the
eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D., when Herculaneum
and Pompeii were destroyed. Under Titus, Domitian,
Nerva, and Trajan, he took an active part in public
life, holding various important offices and often ap-
pearing as an advocate before the Court of the

Centumviri and before the Senate. In 100 a.d., at
the request of the Africans, he prosecuted Marius
Priscus for misconduct during his proconsulship in
Africa, and he took a leading part in several other
celebrated cases. He possessed considerable wealth

and made a liberal use of it. He had several villas
on the Lake of Coaio. Two of these, in the sur-
roundings of which he traced some resemblance to
Baiae, were a special source of delight to him. One
of them lay on high ground, the other was near the
which reason he called
water's edge, for them respec-
tively Tragedy and Comedy, in allusion to the high
buskin of tragedy and the low sock worn by comic
actors. He had also a large estate near Tifernum
Tiberinum in Etruria, and villas at Laurentum and
Tusculum, and perhaps at Tibur and Praeneste. He
built and endowed a public library at his native
Comum, and contributed a large sum to provide
education for the boys and girls of that town. He
also left money to establish baths at the same town,
and fragments are still extant at Milan of a marble
INTRODUCTION. ix
slab from the building, bearing an inscription to bis

memory. He built a temple at Tifernum, and was
generous in helping such of his friends as stood in
need of monev or influence. The time of his death
is uncertain. It probably took place in Bithynia,
where he was sent by Trajan in 113 a.d. on an
important mission. He and published his
collected
letters himself,and in them we have from the pen
of a gentleman and scholar a valuable picture of the
interesting and eventful times in which he lived a ;
picture that, happily, differs very much from that

given of the same period by his contemporary,
Juvenal.
As to the style and language of Pliny, F. A. Paley,
in an article in the Encyclopaedia Briiannica, speaks as
follows: — ''There are few, if indeed an\~, remains of
Roman prose literature which are as elegant, as inter-
esting, and They were
as varied as Pliny's Letters.
evidently written and published on the model and
precedent of Cicero's Letters. They are all carefully
composed, and couched in the most graceful and
polished Latinity. . . . An admirer of nature,
and with the faculty for observation, perhaps learned
from his uncle, he sometimes describes, and in the
most beautiful language, the scenes or wonders he
had visited. ... As a writer, Pliny the younger
is as graceful, fluent, and polished, as the style of the
elder Plinv is crabbed and obscure. Indeed, the

x ROMAN LIFE.
(Latinity of the epistles cannot fairly be called inferior

to that of Cicero himself. There are few indications
of the 'deterioration' (if progress and development
in a language ought so to be called) of the *
Silver
Age.' That he imitated Cicero both in his style and
his eloquence is avowed by himself."
/ The following selections illustrate the literary, the
/legal and political, and the and domestic life
social
/ of Pliny's time. Some sections are also devoted to
descriptions of the beauties and curiosities of Nature,
and to an account of the eruption of Vesuvius in
which the elder Pliny lost his life.
The Vocabulary is divided into sections correspond-
ing with those of the text, and each Latin word is
explained in the Vocabulary on its first occurrence.

When the same word recurs in a later part of the
book its place in the Vocabulary may be found by
means of the Index. The Notes supplement the
Vocabulary in the few cases where an explanation
of the text is required in a form not suitable for a
vocabulary.
I have derived some help from Cowan's useful
edition of the and second books of the Letters,
first
and also from Church and Brodribb's Select Letters.

My most cordial thanks are again due to Dr.
Bellingham Brady for advice and assistance in the
preparation of this volume.
SELECTIONS ILLUSTRATIVE OF
ROMAN LIFE.
THE MAX OF LETTERS.

1. A Gentleman and Scholar.
Si quando urbs nostra liberalibus studiis floruit,
nunc maxime floret.

Multa claraque exempla sunt.
Sufficeret unum, Euphrates philosophus.
Hunc ego in Syria, cum adulescentulus militarem,
penitus et domi inspexi, arnarique ab eo laboravi.
Est plenus humanitate, quam praecipit.
Disputat subtiliter, graviter, ornate.
Sermo est copiosus et varius.
Ad hoc proceritas corporis, decora facies, demissus
capillus, ingens et cana barba; quae licet fortuita et
inania putentur, illi tamen plurimum venerationis
adquirunt.
Xullus horror in cultu, nulla tristitia.
Reverearis occursum, non reformides.

§ 1
2 ROMAX LIFE.
Vitae sanctitas summa, comitas par.

Insectatur vitia, non homines, nee castigat errantes
sed emendat.
2. Country Leisure and Town Occupations.
Studes an piscaris an venaris an simul omnia 1
Possunt enim omnia simul fieri ad Larium nostrum.

Nam lacus piscem, feras silvae, studia altissimus
iste secessus affatim suggerunt.
Sed sive omnia simul sive aliquid facis, non possum
dicere 'invideo.'
Angor tamen non et mihi licere quae sic concupisco
ut aegri vinum, balinea, fontes.
Numquamne hos artissimos laqueos, si solvere
negatur, abrumpam 1
Numquam, puto.
Xam veteribus negotiis nova accrescunt, nee tamen
priora peraguntur.
Tot nexibus, tot quasi catenis maius in dies occu-
pationum agmen extenditur.
3. A Man of Letters at a Boar Hunt.
Ridebis et licet rideas.
Ego ille, quern nosti, apros tres et eos quidem pul-

cherrimos cepi.
Ipse ? inquis.
THE MAX OF LETTEES. 3
Ipse ; non tainen ut omnino ab inertia mea et
quiete discederem.
Ad retia sedebam.
Erat in proximo non venabulum aut lancea sed
stilus et pugillares.
Meditabar aliquid enotabamque, ut, si manus

tamen ceras reportarem.
vacuas, plenas
Xon est quod contemnas hoc studendi genus.
Mirum est ut animus agitatione motuque corporis
excitetur.
lam undique silvae et solitudo ipsumque illud
silentium, quod venationi datur, magna cogitationis
incitamenta sunt.
Proinde cum venabere, licebit, auctore me, ut
panarium et lagunculam sic etiam pugillares feras.
Experieris non Dianam magis montibus quam

Minervam inerrare.
4. School revisited.
Quid a te mihi iucundius potuit iniungi, quam ut

praecepfcorem fratris tui liberis quaererem ?
Nam beneficio tuo in scholam redeo, et illam dul-

cissimam aetatem quasi resume
Sedeo inter iuvenes, ut solebam.
Experior quantum apud illos auctoritatis ex studiis
h abeam.
Nam proxime frequenti auditorio inter se coram
niultis ordinis nostri clare iocabantur.
4 ROMAN LIFE.
Intravi, conticuerunt ;
quod non referrem, nisi ad
illorum magis laudem quam ad meam pertineret.
5. Translation as a mean* of Education.
Quaeris quemadmodum in secessu, quo iam diu

frueris, putem te studere oportere.
Utile in priinis, et multi praecipiunt, vel ex Graeco
in Latinum vel ex Latino vertere in Graecum ;
quo
genere exercitationis proprietas splendorque verborum,
copia figuraruni, vis explicandi, praeterea imitatione
optimorum similia inveniendi facultas paratur ; simul
quae legentem fefellissent transferentem fugere non
possunt.
Intellegentia ex hoc et indicium adquiritur.
Nihil offuerit quae legeris hactenus ut rem argu-
mentumque teneas, quasi aemulum scribere lectisque
conferre, ac sedulo pensitare quid tu, quid ille com-
modius.
Magna gratulatio, si nonnulla tu, magnus pudor, si
cuncta ille melius.

Licebit interdum et notissima eligere et certare
cum electis.
Audax haec, non tamen improba, quia secreta con-
tentio.
Itaque summi oratores,summi etiam viri sic se aut
exercebant aut delectabant; immo delectabant exer-
cebantque.
THE MAN OF LETTERS. 5
Nam minim est at his opusculis animus intendatur,

remittatur.
6. Advantages of Home Education.
Proxime, cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me salu-
tandum municipis mei filius praetextatus.

Huic ego '
studes ?
' inquam.
1
Eespondit '
etiam.
'Ubi?'
'
Mediolani.'
'
Cur non hie ?
Et pater eius (erat enim una atque etiam ipse

adduxerat puerum), '
quia nullos hie praeceptores
habemus.'
1
Quare nullos 1 Xam vehementer intererat vestra,
qui patres estis ' (et opportune complures patres
audiebant), '
liberos vestros hie potissimum discere.
Ubi enim aut iucundius morarentur quam in patria,

aut minore sumptu quam domi ?
Quantulum est ergo collata pecunia conducere prae-
ceptores, quodque nunc in habitationes, in viatica, in
ea quae peregre emuntur impenditis adicere mercedi-
bus?
Nihil honestius praestare liberis vestris, nihil
gratius patriae potestis.

Educentur hie qui hie nascuntur statimqne ab
infantia natale solum amare consuescant.'
6 ROMAN LIFE.
7. An ardent Student.
Avunculus meus ante lucem ibat ad Vespasianum

imperatorem, inde ad delegatum sibi officium.
Reversus domum, quod reliquum temporis, studiis

reddebat.
Post cibum saepe, si quid otii, iacebat in sole, liber
legebatur, adnotabat excerpebatque.
quod non excerperet.
Nihil enim legit
Dicere etiam solebat nullum esse librum tarn malum
ut non aliqua parte prodesset.
Haec inter medios labores urbisque fremitum.
In secessu solum balinei tempus studiis eximebatur.
In itinere quasi solutus ceteris curis huic uni vacabat.
Writing-Tablets, Inkstand, Reed Pen, and Manuscript Roll.
Ad latus notarius cum libro et pugillaribus, cuius

manus liieme manicis muniebantur, ut ne caeli
quidem asperitas uiluni studiis tempus eriperet ;

qua
ex causa Romae quoque sella vehebatur.
THE MAX OF LETTERS. 7
Memoria repeto, me correptum ab eo cur ambul-

arem.
'
Poteras,' inquit, '
has horas non perdere '
; nam
perire omne tempus arbitrabatur, quod studiis non
impenderetur.
8. Literary Fame.
Numquam maiorem cepi voluptatem, quam nuper

ex sermone Cornell Taciti.
Narrabat sedisse se cum quodam Circensibus
proximis.
Hunc post varios eruditosque sermones requisisse,
]
1
Italicus es an provincialis
Se respondisse, '
Xosti me, et quidem ex studiis/
Ad hoc ilium, '
Tacitus es an Plinius \
'
Exprimere non possum quam sit iucundum mihi,

quod uterque nostrum his etiam ex studiis notus
quibus aliter ignotus est.
Accidit aliud ante paucos dies simile.

Recumbebat mecum vir egregius, Fadius Rufinus
super eum municeps ipsius, qui illo die primum
venerat in urbem; cui Rufinus, demonstrans me,
'
'
Vides hunc 1
Multa deinde de scudiis nostris.

Et ille, Plinius est,' inquit.
'
Verum fatebor, capio magnum laboris mei fruc-

tum.
8 ROMAN LIFE.
9. Public Readings.
Magnum proventum poetarum annus hie attulit.
Toto inense Aprili nullus fere dies quo non recitaret

aliquis.
Iuvat me quod vigent studia, proferunt se ingenia

hominum et ostentant, tametsi ad audiendum pigre
coitur.
Plerique in stationibus sedent tempusque audiendi
fabulis conterunt.
Subinde sibi nuntiari iubent an iam recitator in-
traverit, an dixerit praefationem, an ex magna parte
evolverit librum.
Tunc demum, ac tunc quoque lente cunctanterque
veniunt.
Nee tamen permanent, sed ante finem recedunt,
alii dissimulanter et furtim, alii simpliciter et libere.
At Hercule memoria parentum Claudium Caesarem
ferunt, cum in palatio spatiaretur audissetque cla-
morem, causam requisisse, cumque dictum esset

recitare Nonianum, subitum recitanti inopinatum-
que venisse.
Nunc otiosissimus quisque multo ante rogatus et
identidem admonitus aut non venit aut, si venit,
queritur se diem perdidisse.
Sed tanto magis laudandi probandique sunt quos a
scribendi recitandique studio haec auditorum vel
desidia vel superbia non retardat.
THE MAN OF LETTERS. 9
Equirlem prope nemini defui.

Erant sane plerique aniici: neque enim est fere qnis-
quam qui stadia, ut non simul et nos amet.
His ex causis longius quam destinaveram tempus in
urbe consumpsi.
Possum iam repetere secessum et scribere aliquid
quod non recitem, ne videar, quorum recitationibus
adfui, non auditor fuisse sed creditor.
Nam ut in ceteris rebus ita in audiendi officio perit
gratia, si reposcatur.
lO. Reasons for Attending a Recitation.
Hunc solum diem excuso.

Recitaturus est Titinius Capito, quern ego audire
nescio magis debeam an cupiam.
Vir est optimus et inter praecipua saeculi orna-
menta numerandus.
Colit studia, studiosos amat, fovet, provehit ; mul-
torum. qui aliqua componunt, portus, sinus, praem-
ium; omnium exemplum ipsarum denique litterarum
;
iam senescentium reductor.

Domum suam recitantibus praebet, auditoria non
apud se tantum benignitate mira frequentat mihi ;
certe, si modo in urbe, defuit numquam.

Porro tanto turpius gratiam non referre, quant
honestior causa referendae.
An, si litibus tererer, obstrictum esse me crederem
obeunti vadimonia mea, nunc, quia mihi omne
10 ROMAN LIFE.
negotium, omnis in studiis cura, minus obligor tanta

sedulitate celebranti quo obligari
in ego, ne dicam
solo, certe maxime possum ?
Quod si i Hi nullam vicem, nulla quasi mutua officia
cleberem, sollicitarer tamen vel ingenio hominis, vel

honestate materiae.
Scribit exitus illustrium virorum, in his quorundam
mihi carissimorum.
Videor ergo fungi pio munere, quorumque exsequias
celebrare non licuit, horum quasi funebribus laudati-
onibus, seris quidem sed tanto magis veris, interesse.
11. Amusing Interruption at a Recitation.
Mirificae rei non interfuisti : ne ego quidem : sed

me recens fabula excepit.
Passennus Paullus, spendidus eques Romanus et in
primis eruditus, scribit elegos.
Gentilicium hoc enim municeps Properti,
illi : est
atque etiam inter maiores suos Propertium numerat.
Is cum recitaret, ita coepit dicere, '
Prisce, iubes.'
Ad hoc Iavolenus Priscus (aderat enim, ut Paullo
amicissimus), 'Ego vero non iubeo.'
Cogita, qui risus hominum, qui ioci.
Est omnino Priscus dubiae sanitatis. Interest

tamen officiis, adhibetur consiliis, atque etiam ius
civile publice respondet ;
quo magis, quod tunc fecit,
et ridiculum et notabile fuit.

Interim Paullo aliena deliratio aliquantum frigoris

attulit.
Tam sollicite recitaturis providendum est, non

solum ut siut ipsi sani, verum etiam ut sanos ad-
hibeant.
12. A Poet.
Magna me sollicitudine affecit Passenni Paulli vale-

tudo, et quideni plurimis iustissimisque de causis.
Vir est optimus, honestissimus, nostri amantissi-
mus.
Praeterea in litteris veteres aemulatur, exprimit,
reddit ; Propertium in primis, a quo genus ducit.
Si elegos eius in manum sumpseris, leges opus
tersum, molle, iucundum, et plane in Properti domo
scriptum.
Xuper ad lyrica deflexit, in quibus ita Horatium,
ut in illis ilium alterum, effingit.
Putes, si quid in studiis cognatio valet, et huius

propinquum.
Magna varietas. rnasxia mobilitas.
Amat, ut qui verissime ; dolet. ut qui impatient-
issime ; laudat, ut qui benignissime ; ludit, ut qui
facetissime ; omnia denique tamquam singula ab-
solvit.
Pro hoc ego amico, pro hoc ingenio, non minus

aeger animo, quam corpore ille, tandem ilium, tandem
me recepi.
12 ROMAN LIFE.
Gratulare mihi ;
gratulare etiam litteris ipsis, quae
ex periculo eius tantum cliscrimen adierunt, quantum
ex salute gloriae consequentur.
13. A Writer of Comedies.
Sum ex iis, qui mirantur antiquos ; non tamen, ut

quidam, temporum nostrorum ingenia despicio.
Neque enim, quasi lassa et effeta, natura nihil iam
laudabile parit.
Atque adeo nuper audii Vergilium Romanum paucis
legentem comoediam, ad exemplar veteris comoediae
scriptam tarn bene, ut esse quandoque possit exem-
plar.
Nescio an noris hominem.

Quamquam nosse debes ; est enim probitate morum,
ingenii elegantia, operum varietate admirabilis.
Scripsit mimiambos tenuiter, argute, venuste, atque
in hoc genere eloquentissime.
Nullum est enim genus, quod, absolutum, non
possit eloquentissimum dici.
Scrinsit comoedias, Menandrum aliosque aetatis
eiusdem aemulatus.
Licet has inter Plautinas Terentianasque numeres.
Nunc primum se in vetere comoedia, sed non tam-
quam inciperet, ostendit.
Non illi vis, non subtilitas, non amaritudo, non
dulcedo, non lepos defuit.
Ornavit virtutes, insectatus est vitia ; fictis nomini-

bus decenter, veris usus est apte.
Circa me tantum benicrnitate irimia modum excessit,
nisiquod tamen poetis mentiri licet.
In summa, extorquebo ei librum, legendumque,
immo ediscendum, mittam tibi.
Neque enim dubito futurum, ut non depoDas, si
semel sumpseris.
THE ADVOCATE AND POLITICIAN.
14. On the Death of a Literary Lawyer,
Nuntiatum mi hi est C. Fannium decessisse, qui

nuntius gravi me primum, quod
dolore confudit :
amavi hominem elegantem, disertum deinde, quod :
iudicio eius uti solebam.

Erat enim natura acutus, usu exercitatus, veritate
promptissimus.
Angit me super ista casus ipsius : decessit veteri
testamento : omisit, quos maxime diligebat : prose-
cutus est, quibus oftensior erat.
Sed hoc utcumque tolerabile ;

gravius illud, quod
pulcherrimum opus imperfectum reliquit.
Quamvis enim agendis causis distringeretur, scrib-
ebat tamen exitus occisorum aut relegatorum a Xerone,
H ROMAN LIFE.
et iara tres libros absolverat, subtiles et diligentes, et

Latinos, atque inter sermonem historiamque medios :
ac tanto magis reliquos perficere cupiebat, quanto

frequentius hi lectitabantur.
Mihi autem videtur acerba semper et immatura
mors eorum, qui immortale aliquid parant.
Xam qui voluptatibus dediti quasi in diem vivunt,
vivendi causas quotidie finiunt : qui vero posteros
cogitant et memoriam sui operibus extend unt, his
nulla mors non repentina est, ut quae semper incho-
atum aliquid abrumpat.
15. Long Speeches versus Short.
Frequens mihi disputatio est cum quodam docto

homine et perito, cui nihil aeque in causis agendis ac
brevitas placet. Quam ego custodiendam esse con-
fiteor, si causa permittat : alioqui praevaricatio est
transire dicenda, praevaricatio etiam cursim et breviter
attingere,quae sint inculcanda, infigenda, repetenda.
Hie ille mecum auctoritatibus agit, ac mihi ex
Graecis orationes Lysiae ostentat, ex nostris Grac-
chorum Catonisque, quorum sane plurimae sunt
circumcisae et breves : ego Lysiae Demosthenen,
Aeschinen, Hyperiden, multosque praeterea, Gracchis
et Catoni Pollionem, Caesarem, in primis M. Tullium
oppono, cuius oratio optima fertur esse quae maxima
Et Hercule ut aliae bonae res ita bonus liber melior
THE ADVOCATE AND POLITICIAN. 15
est quisque quo niaior. Yides at statuas, signa, pic-

turas, hominum denique multonimque animalium
formas, arborum etiam, si modo sint decorae, nihil
magis quam aruplitudo commendet.
Idem orationibus evenit, quin etiam voluminibus
ipsis auctoritatem quandam et pulchritudineru adicit
magnitude.
Si detur electio, orationem similem nivibus hibernis,
id est, crebram et assiduam et largam, postremo
divinam et caelestem, volo.
At est gratior multis oratio brevis. Est, sed
inertibus, quorum delicias desidiamque quasi iudicium
respicere ridiculum est.
16. Advocated Fa. -
Descenderam in basilieam Iuliam, auditurus quibus

proxima comperendinatione respondere debebam.
Sedebant indices, decemviri venerant, obversabantur
advocati, silentium longum, tandem a praetore
nuntius. Dimittuntur centumviri, eximitur dies, me
gaudente, qui numquam ita paratus sum ut non mora
laeter.
Causa Xepos praetor. Proposuerat breve

dilationis
edictum, admonebat accusatores, admonebat reos exse-
cuturum se quae senatus consulto continerentur.
Suberat edicto senatus consultum ; hoc omnes, quis-
quis negotium haberet, iurare prius quam agerent
16 ROMAN LIFE.
iubebantur nihil se ob advocationem cuiquam dedisse,

promisisse, cavisse. His enim verbis ac mille prae-
terea et venire advocationes et emi vetabantur.
Peractis tamen negotiis permittebatur pecuniam
dnmtaxat decern milium dare.
Hoc facto Nepotis commotus praetor qui iudiciis
centumviralibus praesidebat, deliberaturus an seque-
reter exemplum, inopinatum nobis otium dedit.
Interim tota civitate Nepotis edictum carpitur,
laudatur. Multi '
Invenimus qui curva corrigeret.
Quid? ante hunc praetores non fuerunt 1 quis autem
hie est qui emendet publicos mores 1 Alii contra, '
1
Rectissime fecit initurus magistratum iura cog-
:
novit, senatus consulta legit, reprimit foedissimas

pactiones, rem pulcherrimam turpissime venire non
patitur.'
Tales ubique sermones tamen alterutram in
: qui
partem ex eventu praevalebunt. Est omnino iniquum
sed usu receptum quod honesta cousilia vel turpia,
prout male aut prospere cedunt, ita vel probantur, vel
reprehenduntur. Inde plerumque eadem facta modo
dilis;entiae modo vanitatis, modo libertatis modo
furoris nomen accipiunt.
17. On the Election of Magistrates by Ballot.
Meministine, te saepe legisse, quantas contentiones

excitarit lex tabellaria, quantumque ipsi latori vel
gloriae vel reprehensionis attulerit ? At nunc in
senatu sine ulla dissensione hoc idem ut optimum

placuit ; omnes comitiorum die tabellas postulaverunt.
Excesseraruus sane manifestis illis apertisque suf-
fragiis licentiam contionum. Xon tempus loquendi,
non tacendi modestia, non denique sedendi dignitas
custodiebatur. Magni undique dissonique clamores
procurrebant omnes cum suis candidates mult a ;
agmiua in medio, multique circuli et indecora con-

fusio. Adeo desciveramus a consuetudine parentum,
apud quos omnia disposita, moderata, tranquilla,
maiestatem loci pudoremque retinebant.
Supersunt senes, ex quibus audire soleo hunc
ordinem comitiorum. Citato nomine candidati, silen-
tium summum, Dicebat ipse pro se ; explicabat
vitam suam ; testes et laudatores dabat, vel eum sub
quo militaverat, vel eum cui quaestor fuerat, vel
utrumque, si poterat; addebat quosdam ex suffra-
gatoribus ; illi graviter et paucis loquebantur. Plus
hocquam preces proderat.
Xonnumquam candidatus aut natales competitoris
aut annos aut etiam mores arguebat. Audiebat
senatus gravitate censoria. Ita saepius digni quam
gratiosi praevalebant.
Quae nunc immodico favore corrupta, ad tacita
suffragia, quasi ad remedium, decucurrerunt. Quod
interim plane remedium fuit : erat enim novum et
subitum.
Sed vereor ne procedentft tempore ex ipso remedio
18 ROMAN LIFE.
vitia nascantur. Est enira periculum ne tacitis
suffragiis impudentia irrepat. Nam quoto cuique

eadem honestatis cura secreto quae palam ? Multi
famam, conscientiam pauci verentur.
Sed nimis cito de futuris interim beneficio ta-
:
bellarum habebimus magistratus qui maxime fieri

debueruut. Nam ut in reciperatoriis iudiciis sic nos
in his comitiis, quasi repente apprehensi, sinceri
iudices fuimus.
18. Abuse of the Ballot.
Scripseram tibi verendum esse, ne ex tacitis
suffragiis vitium aliquod exsisteret.

Factum est. Proximis comitiis in quibusdam
tabellismulta iocularia atque etiam foeda dictu, in
una vero pro candidatorum nominibus suffragatorum
nomina inventa sunt.
Excanduit senatus magnoque clamore ei qui scrip-
sisset iratum principem est comprecatus. Ille tamen
fefellit et latuit, fortasse etiam inter indignantes fuit.
Quid hunc putamus domi facere, qui in tanta re,
tarn serio tempore, tarn scurriliter ludat, qui denique

omnino in senatu dicax et urbanus et bellus est 1
Tantum licentiae pravis ingeniis adicit ilia fiducia

'
quis enim sciet 1
Poposcit tabellam, stilum accepit, demisit caput,

neminem veretur, se contemnit. Inde ista ludibria
scaena et pulpito digna.

Quo te vertas ? Quae remedia conquiras ? Ubique

vitia remediis fortiora.
19. A Plea for Conquered Greece.
Cogita te missum in proviueiam Achaiam, illam

veram et meram Graeciam, in qua primum humanitas,
litterae, etiam frames inventae esse creduntur. Reve-
rere conditores deos et nomina deorum, reverere
gloriam veterem et hanc ipsam senectutem, quae in
homine venerabilis, in urbibus sacra.
Sit apud te honor antiquitati. sit ingentibus factis,
sit fabulis quoque. Nihil ex cuiusquam dignitate,
nihil ex libertate, nihil etiam ex iactatione decerpseris.
Habe ante oculos hanc esse terrain quae nobis
miseritr iura, quae leges non victis sed petentibus
dederit, Athenas esse quas adeas, Lacedaemonem esse
quam regas ; quibus reliquam umbram et residuum
libertatis nomen eripere durum, ferum, barbarum est.
Vides a medicis, quamquam in ad versa valetudine

nihil servi ac liberi differant, inollius tamen liberos
clementiusque tractari. Eecordare quid quaeque
civitas fuerit. non ut despicias quod esse desierit ;
absit superbia, asperitas.

20 ROMAN LIFE.
SOCIAL AXD DOMESTIC LIFE.
20. A Brave Wife.
Adnota886 videor facta dictaque virorum feminar-

umque illustrium alia clariora esse alia maiora. Con-
firmata est opinio mea hesterno Fanniae serraone.
Neptis haec Arriae illius, quae marito et solacium
mortis et exemplum fuit. Malta referebat aviae suae
non minora hoc, sed obscuriora : quae tibi existimo
tarn mirabilia legenti fore, quam mihi audienti
fuerunt.
Aegrotabat Caecina Paetus, maritus eius : aegro-
tabat et filius, uterque mortifere, ut videbatur.
Filius decessit, eximia pulchritudine, pari verecundia,
et parentibus non minus ob alia carus, quam quod
filius erat.
Huic ilia it a funus paravit, ita duxit exsequias, ut

ignoraret maritus. Quin immo, quoties cubiculum
eius intraret, vivere filium, atque etiam commodiorem
esse simulabat, ac persaepe interroganti, quid ageret
puer, respondebat, '
Bene quievit, libenter cibum
sumpsit.'
Deinde, cum diu coliibitae lacrimae vincerent
prorumperentque, egrediebatur. Tunc se dolori
dabat. Satiata, siccis oculis, composito vultu redibat,

tamquam orbitatem foris reliquisset.
SOCIAL AND DOMESTIC LIFE. 21
Praeclarum quidem illud eiusdem, ferrum stringere,

perfodere pectus, extrahere pugionem, porrigere
marito, addere vocem imraortalem ac paene divinam,
'
Paete, non dolet.' Sed tamen ista facienti, ista
dicenti, gloria et aeternitas ante oculos erant quo:
maius est, sine praemio aeternitatis, sine praemio

gloriae, abdere lacrimas, operire luctum, amissoque
filio matrem adhuc aêre.
21. The Legacy Hunter.
Assem para et auream fabulam,

accipe fabulas
imino ; nam me priorum nova admonuit.
Verania Pisonis graviter iacebat, huius dico Pisonis
quern Galba adoptavit. Ad banc Eegulus venit.
Proximus toro sedit, quo die, qua hora nata esset
interrogavit. Ubi audiit, componit vultum, intendit
oculos, movet labra, agitat digitos, computat.
Ut diu miseram exspectatione suspendit, babes '
inquit '
climactericum tempus, sed evades.' Ilia, ut in
periculo credula, pospit codicillos, legatum Regulo
scribit.
Mox ingravescit. Clamat moriens hominem ne-

quam, perfidum ac plus etiam quam periurum, qui
sibi per salutem filii peierasset. Facit hoc Regulus
non minus scelerate quam frequenter.
Velleius Blaesus, ille locuples consularis, novissinia
valetudine conflictabatur. Cupiebat mutare testa-
c
00 ROMAN LIFE.
Head of Jaxus.
Prow of Ship.
SPECIMENS OF AS.
SOCIAL AXD DOMESTIC LIFE. 23
mentum. Regains qui speraret aliquid ex novis

tabulis, quia nuper captare eum coeperat, medicos
hortabatur, rogabat quoquo modo spiritum homini
prorogaivnt.
Postquam signatum est testamentum, mutat per-
sonam, isdemque medicis qnousque miserum cruciatis
'
?
quid iuvidetis bona morte cui dare vitam non potestis?'

Moritur Blaesus, et tamquam omnia audisset, Eegulo
ne tantulum quiclem.
22. On the Death of a Friend.
Post aliquot annos insigne atque etiam memorabile

populi Eomani oculis spectaculum exhibuit publicum
funus Vergini Paifi, maximi et clarissimi civis.
Legit scripta de se carmina, legit historias et pos-

teritati suae interfuit. Perfunctus est tertio consulatu,
ut summum fastigium privati hominis impleret.
Annum tertium et octocresimum excessit in altissima
tranquillitate, pari veneratione. Usua est firma vale-
tudine. nisi quod solebant ei manus tremere.

Aditus tantum mortis durior longiorque, sed hie
ipse laudabilis. Nam cum vocem praepararet acturus
in consulatu principi gratias, liber quern forte accep-
erat grandiorem et seni et stanti ipso pondere elapsua
est. Hunc dum sequitur colligitque, per leve et
lubricum pavimentum fallente vestigio cecidit cox-
amque fregit, quae parum apte collocata male coiit.
24 ROMAN LIFE.
Et quidem plenus aunis abiit, plenus honoribus

ille :
nobis tamen quaerendus ac desiderandus est ut exem-

plar aevi prioris, mihi vero praecipue, qui ilium
quantum admirabar tantum diligebam. Quibus ex
causis necesse est tamquam immaturam mortem eius
in sinu tuo defleam si tamen fas est aut flere aut
;
omnino mortem vocare, qua tanti viri mortalitas

magis finita quam vita est. Vivit enim vivetque
semper atque etiam latins in memoria hominum et
sermone versabitur, postquam ab oculis recessit.
Volui tibi multa alia scribere, sed totus animus in
hac una contemplatione defixus est. Verginium co-
gito, Verginium video, Verginium iam vanis imagin-
ibus, recentibus tamen, audio, adloquor, teneo ; cui
fortasse cives aliquos virtutibus pares et habemus
et habebimus, gloria neminem.
23. Accepting an Imitation.
Cupis post longum tempus neptem tuam meque

una videre. Gratum est utrique nostrum quod cupis.
Nam invicem nos incredibili quodam desiderio vestri

tenemur. Iam sareinulas alligamus festinaturi, quan-
tum itineris ratio permiserit.
una sed brevis mora. Deflectemus in Tuscos,

Erit
non ut agros remque familiarem oculis subiciamus
(id enim postponi potest), sed ut fungamur necessario
officio.
Oppidum est praediis nostris vicinum, nomen

Tiferni Tiherini, quod me paene adhuc puerum
patronum cooptavit, tanto maiore studio quanto
minore indicia Adventus meos celebrat, profec-
tiouibus angitur, honoribus gaudet.
In hoc ego, ut referrem gratiam (nam vinci in
amore turpissimum est), templum pecunia mea ex-

struxi, cuius dedicationem, cum sit paratum, differre
loncjius irrelisiosum est. Erimus ergo ibi dedicationis
die, quern epulo celebrare constitui.

Subsistemus fortasse et sequenti, sed tanto magis
viam ipsam corripiemus. Contingat modo te filiam-
que tuam fortes invenire ? Xarn continget hilares,
si nos incolumes receperitis.
24. A shabby Entertainment.
Longum est altius repetere quemadmodum acci-
dent ut cenarem a pud

quendam, ut sibi videbatur,
lautam et diligentem, ut rnihi. sordidum simul et
sumptuosum. Xam sibi et paucis opima quaedam,
ceteris vilia et minuta ponebat. Vinum etiam in tria
genera descrinserat, aliud sibi et nobis, aliud minor-
ibus amicis, aliud snis nostrisque libertis.
Animadvertit qui mihi proximus recumbebat et an
probarem interrogavit. Xegavi. Tu ergo, inquit,
quam consuetudinem sequeri Eadem omnibus
pono. Etiamne libertis 1 Etiam : convictorea enim
tunc, non libertos puto.
26 ROMAN LIFE.
Et ille, Magno tibi constat 1 Qui fieri

Minima.
potest 1 Quia scilicet liberti mei non idem quod ego
bibunt, sed idem ego quod liberti.
Et Hercule si gulae temperes, non est onerosum

quo utaris ipse communicare cum pluribus. Igitur
memento nihil magis esse vitandurn quam istam
luxuriae et sordium novam societatem.
25. A Broken Dinner-enga gement .
Heus tu promittis ad cenam nee venis !
Paratae erant lactucae singulae, cochleae ternae,

ova bina, alica cum mulso et nive, olivae, cucurbitae,
alia mille non minus lauta.
Audisses comoedos vel lectorem vel lyristen vel,
quae mea liberalitas, omnes.

At tu apud nescio quern ostrea, vulvas, echinos
maluisti.
Dabis poenas, non dico quas.
Quantum nos lusissemus, risissemus, studuissemus
Potes apparatius cenare apud multos, nusquam
hilarius, simplicius, incautius.
26. The Slave's Revenge.
Eem atrocem nee tantum epistula dignam Largius

Macedo. vir praetorius, a servis suis passus est;
superbus alioqui dominus et saevus et qui servisse
patrem suum parum, immo nimium meminisset.
Lavabatur in villa Formiana ; repente eum servi

circumsistunt ; alius fauces invadit, alius os verberat,
alius pectus contundit ; et cum exanimem putarent,
Caldarioi of Baths at Pompeii.
abiciunt in fervens pavimentum, ut experireutur an

viveret. Ille, sive quia non sentiebat, sive quia se
non sentire simulabat, immobilis et extentus ridem
peractae mortis implevit.
28 ROMAN LIFE
Turn demum quasi aestu solutus effertur, excipiunt

servi fideliores, mulieres cum ululatu et clamore con-
curring. Ita et vocibus excitatus et recreatus loci
frigore, sublatis oculis, agitatoque corpore, vivere se
(et iam tutum erat) confitetur.

Diftugiunt servi ;
quorum magna pars comprehensa
est, ceteri requiruntur. Ipse paucis diebus non sine
ultionis solacio decessit, ita vivos vindicatus ut occisi
solent.
Vides quot periculis, quot contumeliis, quot ludi-
briis simus obnoxii ; nee est quod quisquam possit

esse securus, quia sit remissus et mitis; non enim
iudicio domini sed scelere perimuntur.
27. A Sea-side Romance. The Swimmer and the Dolphin.
Incidi in materiam veram, sed simillimam fictae.

Est in Africa Hipponensis colonia, mari proxima.
Adiacet navigabile stas;num. Ex hoc in modum
fluminis aestuarium emergit, quod vice alterna, prout
aestus aut repressit aut impulit, nunc infertur mari
nunc redditur stagmo.
Omnis hie aetas piscandi, navigandi atque etiam
natandi studio tenetur. maxime pueri, quos otium
lususque sollicitat. His gloria et virtus altissime
provehi. Victor ille qui longissime ut litus ita simul
natantes reliquit.
Hoc certamine puer quidam audentior ceteris in
ulteriora tendebat. Delphinus occurrit, et nunc prae-
cedere puerum, nunc sequi, nunc circumire, postremo

subire, trepidantemque perferre primum in ahum,
mox flectit ad litns redditque terrae et aequalibus.
Serpit per fama
coloniam concurrunt omnes,
:
ipsum puerum tamquam miraculum aspiciunt, inter-

rogans audiunt, narrant. Postero die obsident litns,
prospectant mare et si quid est man simile. Xatant
pueri inter hos ille, sed cautius.
: Delphinus rursus
ad tempus, rursus ad puerum venit. Fngit ille cum
ceteris. Delphinus, quasi invitet et revocet, exilit,
mergitur variosque orbes implicat expeditque.
28. The Swimmer and the Doljjhin continued. The

Dolphin's Fate.
Hoc altero die, hoc tertio, hoc pluribus, donee

homines innutritos niari subire t timendi pudor. Ac-
cedunt et adludunt et appellant, taugunt etiam
pertrectantque delphinum. Crescit audacia experi-
ment o. Maxime puer, qui primus expertus est,
adnatantis insilit tergc, fertur referturque, agnosci

se, amari putat, amat ipse. Neuter timet, neuter
timetur. Huius fiducia, mansuetudo illius augetur.
Xecnon alii pueri dextra laevaque simul eunt
hortantes monentesque.
Ibat una (id quoque minim) delphinus alius,
tantum spectator et comes. Nihil enim simile aut

faciebat aut patiebatur, sed alterum ilium ducebat
reducebatque, ut puerum ceteri pueri.
30 ROMAN LIFE.
Confluebant omnes ad spectaculum magistrates,

qiiorum adventu et mora modica respublica novis
sumptibus atterebatur. Postremo locus ipse quietem
8uam secretumque perdebat. Placuit occulte interfici
ad quod coibatur. Haec tu qua miseratione qua
copia deflebis, ornabis, attolles Quamquam non est
!
opus adfingas aliquid aut adstruas. Sufficit ne ea

quae sunt vera minuantur.
29. Town Engagements.
Distringor officio ut maximo sic molestissimo.

Sedeo pro tribunali, subnoto libellos, conficio tabulas,
scribo plurimas sed inlitteratissimas litteras.

Soleo nonnumquam de his occupationibus apud
Euphraten queri. Ille me consolatur, adfirmat etiam
esse hauc philosophiae partem, agere negotium publi-
cum, cognoscere, iudicare, promere et exercere
iustitiam.
Mihi tamen hoc unum non persuadet, satius esse
ista facere quam cum illo dies totos audiendo discendo-
que consumere.
SO. A Day at a Summer Villa.
Quaeris quemadmodum in Tuscis diem aestate

disponam.
Evigilo cum libuit, plerumque circa horam primam,
saepe ante, tardius raro. Clausae fenestrae manent.
Mire enirn, silentio et tenebris ab iis, quae avocant,

abduotus, non oculos aninio sed animum oculis sequor.
Cogito, si quid in manibus. Notarinm voco et die
admisso quae formaveram dicto.
L'bi hora quarta vel quinta (neque enim certum

dimensumque tempus), ut dies suasit, in xystuni me
vel cryptoporticum confero, reliqua in editor et dicto.
Vehiculum ascendo. Paulum redormio. deinde am-
bulo, mox orationem Graecam Latinamve clare et
intente lego. Iteruni ambulo, ungor, exereeor.
lavor.
Lyre. "Wine Jar.
Cenanti mihi, si cum uxore vel paucis, liber legitur.

Post cenam comoedus aut lyristes. Mox cum m
ambulo, quorum in numero sunt eruditi. Ita variis
32 ROMAN LIFE.
sermonibus vespera extenditur, et longissimus dies

cito conditur.
Nonnumquam ex hoc ordiue aliqua mutantur.

Nam si diu iacui vel ambulavi, post somnum demum
lectionemque non vehiculo sed, quod brevius, quia
velocius, equo gestor. Interveniunt amici ex proximis
oppidis interdumque lasso mihi opportuna inter-
pellatione subveniunt. Venor aliquando, sed non

sine pugillaribus, ut quamvis nihil ceperim, non nihil
referani.
31. Country Life more Reasonable and Satisfying than

Town Life.
Mirum est quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut

constet aut con stare videatur, pluribus cunctaque non
constet.
Nam si quern interroges, '
hodie quid egisti?' re-
c
spondeat, officio togae virilis interfui, sponsalia aut
nuptias frequentavi, ille me ad signandum testa-
mentum, ille in advocationem, ille in consilium

rogavit.' Haec quo die feceris necessaria, eadem,
si quotidie fecisse te reputes, inania videntur, multo
masis cum secesseris.
Tunc enim subit recordatio, '

quot dies quam
frigidis rebus absumpsi
!
' Quod mihi evenit, post-

quam in Laurentino meo aut lego aliquid aut scribo
aut etiam corpori vaco, cuius fulturis animus susti-
netur. Nihil audio quod audisse. nihil dico quod
dixisse paeniteat nemo apud me quemquam sinistris

;
sermonibus carpit, neminem ipse reprehendo, nisi

tamen me, cum parum commode scribo. Nulla spe,
nullo timore sollicitor mecum tantum et cum libellis
;
loquor.
rectam sinceramque vitam, o dulce otium honest-
umque ac paene omni negotio pulchrius Proinde tu !
quoque strepitum istum inanemque discursum et

multum ineptos labores, ut primum fuerit occasio,
relinque teque studiis vel otio trade. Satius est
enim, ut Atilius noster eruditissime simul et facetis-
sime dixit, otiosum esse quam nihil agere.
32. A Winter Country House.
Miraris cur me Laurentinum meum tanto opere

delectet : desines mirari, cum cognoveris gratiam
villae, opportunitatem loci, litoris spatium.
Decern et septem milibus passuum ab urbe secessit,
ut peractis quae agenda fuerint salvo iam et com-

posito die possis ibi manere. Aditur non una via
nam et Laurentina et Ostiensis eodem ferunt. Varia
hinc atque inde facies ; nam modo silvis via coartatur,
modo latissimis pratis diffunditur et patescit ; multi

greges ovium, multa ibi equorum, boum armenta,
quae montibus hieme depulsa herbis et tepore verno
nitescunt.
Villa usibus capax non sumptuosa tutela. Atrium
frugi nee tamen sordidum. A laeva cubiculum est
34 ROMAN LIFE.
amplum, cleinde aliud minus, quod altera fenestra

admittit orientem, occidentem altera retinet. Parieti
eius in bibliothecae speciem armarium insertum est,
quod non legendos libros sed lectitandos capit. Xon

illud voces servolorum,non maris murmur, non
tempestatum motus, non fulgurum lumen ac ne diem
quidem sentit, nisi fenestris apertis.
In banc ego diaetam cum me recepi, abesse mibi
etiam a villa mea videor, magnamque eius voluptatem
praecipue Saturnalibus capio, cum reliqua pars tecti
licentia dierum festisque clamoribus personat nam ;
nee ipse nieorum lusibus nee illi studiis meis ob-

strepunt.
Litoris illius mira natura. Quocunque loco moveris
liumum, obvius et paratus umor occurrit, isque sin-
cerus ac ne leviter quidem tanta maris vicinitate

corruptus. Suggerunt affatim ligria proximae silvae.
Litus ornant varietate gratissima nunc continua nunc

intermissa tecta villarum, quae multarum urbium
faciem praestant. Mare non sane pretiosis piscibus
abundat, soleas tamen et squillas optimas egerit.
Iustisne de causis iam tibi videor diligere secessum,
quem tu nimis urbanus es nisi concupiscis ? Atque
utinam concupiscas ut tot tantisque dotibus villulae
!
nostrae maxima commendatio ex tuo contubernio

accedat.
SOCIAL AXD DOMESTIC LIFE 35
33. A Summer Country House.
Amavi curam et sollicitudinem tuam, quod, cum

audisses me aestate Tuscos meos petiturum, ne
facerem suasisti, dum putas insalubres.
Est sane gravis et pestilens ora Tuscorum quae per
litus extenditur : sed hi procul a mari recesserunt,
quin etiam Appennino, saluberrimo montium, sub-
iacent. Caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum
myrtos, oleas, quaeque alia assiduo tepore laetantur,
aspernatur ac respuit laurum tamen patitur atque
;
etiam nitidissimam profert. Aestatis mira dementia:

semper aer spiritu aliquo movetur. Hinc senes
multi ; videas avos proavosque iam iuvenum, audias
fabulas veteres sermonesque maiorum, cumque veneris
illo, putes alio te saeculo natum.
Regionis forma pulcherrima. Frequens et varia
venatio. Prata florida et gemmea trifolium aliasque
herbas teneras semper et molles alunt. Cuncta enim
perennibus rivis nutriuntur ; sed ubi aquae plurimum,
paloa nulla, quia devexa terra, qoidquid liquoris
accepit nee absorbuit, effundit in Tiberim.
Magnam hunc regionis situm
capies voluptatem, si
ex monte prospexeris. Neque enim terras tibi sed

formam aliquam ad eximiam pulchritudinem pictam
videberis cernere ; ea varietate, ea descriptione, quo-
cumque inciderint oculi, reficientur. Villa meridiem
36 ROMAN LIFE.
spectat, aestivumque solem ab hora sexta, hibernum

aliquanto niaturius, quasi invitat in porticum.
Habes causas cur ego Tuscos meos Tuscnlanis,
Tiburtinis, Praenestinisque praeponaui. Nam super
ilia quae rettuli altius ibi otium et securius ; nulla
necessitas togae, nemo accersitor ex proximo ;
placida
omnia et quiescentia ;
quod ipsum salubritati regionis
ut purius caelum, ut aer liquidior accedit.

Ibi animo, ibi corpore maxime valeo. Nam studiis
animum, venatu corpus exerceo. Mei quoque nus-

quam salubrius degunt usque adhuc certe neminem
:
ex iis quos eduxeram mecum (venia sit dictu) ibi

amisi. Di modo in posterum hoc mihi gaudium,
hanc gloriam loco servent.
BEAUTIES AND WONDERS OF NATURE.

34. Visit to a River Source.
Yidistine aliquando Clitumnum fontem? Si non-
dum, vide.
Modicus collis adsurgit, antiqua cupresso nemorosus
et opacus. Hunc subter exit fons purus et vitreus.
Ripae fraxino multa, multa populo vestiuntur. Rigor
aquae certaverit nivibus, nee color cedit.
Adiacet templum priscum et religiosum. Stat
Clitumnus ipse amictus ornatusque praetexta. Prae-
WONDERS OF NATURE. 37
sens numen atque etiam fatidicum indicant sortes.

Sparsa sunt circa sacella complura totidemque dei.
Nee desunt villae, quae secutae fluminis amoenitatem
margini insistunt.
In summa, nihil erit ex quo non capias voluptatem.
Nam studebis quoque. Leges multa multorum omni-
bus columnis, omnibus parietibus inscripta, quibus
fons ille deusque celebratur. Plura laudabis, non-
nulla ridebis : quamquam tu vero, quae tua humanitas,
nulla ridebis.
35. A)' In'ermifting Spring.
Attuli tibi ex patria mea pro munusculo quaes-

tionem altissima ista eruditione dignissimam.
Fons oritur in monte, per saxa decurrit, excipitur
cenatiuncula manu facta. paulum retentus
Ibi in
Larium lacum decidit. Huius mira natura. Ter in
die statis auctibus ac deminutionibus crescit decres-
citque.
Cernitur id palam et cum summa voluptate depre-
henditur. Iuxta recumbis et vesceris atque etiam ex
ipso fonte (nam est frigidissimus) potas. Interim ille
certis dimensisque momentis vel subtrahitur vel

adsurgit. Anulum seu quid aliud ponis in sicco,
adluitur s-nsim ac novissime operitur, detegitur
rursus paulatimque deseritur. Si diutius observes,
utrumque iterum ac tertio videas.
D
38 ROMAN LIFE.
Scrutare tu causas (potes enim), quae tantum

miraculum efficiunt.
36. Xear Home Wonders. The Floating Islands of

Lake Vadimo.
Ad quae noscenda iter ingredi, transmittere mare

solemus, ea sub oculis posita neglegimus. Permulta
in urbe nostra iuxtaque urbeni non oculis modo sed
ne auribus quidem novimus, quae si tulisset Aegyptus,
audita, perlecta, lustrata haberemus.
Ipse certe nuper quod nee audieram ante nee
videram audivi pariter et vidi. Exegerat prosocer
meus ut Amerina praedia sua inspicerem. Haec
perambulanti mihi ostenditur subiacens lacus nomine
Vadimonis ; simul quaedam incredibilia narrantur.
Lacus est in similitudinem iacentis rotae circum-
scriptus et undique aequalis. Nulla in hoc navis
(sacer enim), sed innatant insulae, herbidae omnes
harundine et iunco. Sua caique figura et modus;
cunctis margo derasus, quia frequenter vel litori vel
sibi inlisae terunt terunturque. Interdum iunctae
copulataeque et continenti similes sunt, interdum dis-
cordantibus ventis digeruntur. Saepe minores maior-
ibus velut cumbulae onerariis adliaerescunt. Saepe
inter se maiores minoresque quasi cursum certamenque
desumunt. Eursus ornnes in eundem locum appulsae,
qua steterunt promovent terrain, et modo hac modo
ilia lacum reddunt auferuntque. Constat pecora

herbas secuta sic in insulas illas ut in extremam
riparu procedere solere, nee prius intellegere mobile
solum, quam litori abrepta circumfusum undique
lacum paveant mox quo tulerit ventus egressa, non
;
magis se descendisse sentire, quam senserint ascen-

disse.
Haec tibi scripsi, quia nee minus ignota quam mihi

nee minus grata credebam. Xam te quoque, ut me,
nihil aeque ac naturae opera delectant.
37. Death of the Elder Pliny.
Petis ut tibi avunculi mei exitum scribam, quo

verius tradere posteris possis. Gratias ago : nam
video morti eius, si celebretur a te, immortalem
gloriam esse propositam. Quamvis enim ipse plurima
opera et mansura condiderit, multum tamen per-
petuitati eius scriptorum tuorum aeternitas addet.
Equidem beatos puto quibus deorum munere datum
est aut facere scribenda aut scribere legenda, beatis-
simos vero quibus utrumque. Horum in numero
avunculus mens et suis libris et tuis erit. Quo
libentius suscipio, deposco etiam, quod iniungis.
38. Eruption of Vesuvivg,
Erat Miseni classemque imperio praesens regebat.

Xonum Kal. Septembres, hora fere septima, mater
40 ROMAN LIFE.
mea indicat ei apparere nubem inusitata et magni-

tudine et specie. Usus ille sole, mox frigida, gustav-
erat iacens studebatque. Poscit soleas, ascendit

locum ex quo maxime lniraculum illud conspici pot-
erat.
Nubes (incertum procul intuentibus, ex quo monte

Vesuvium fuisse postea cognitum est) oriebatur, cuius
similitudinem et formam non alia magis arbor quam
pinus expresserit. Nam longissimo velut trunco elata
in altum quibusdam ramis diffundebatur, credo, quia
recenti spiritu evecta, dein senescente eo destituta
aut etiam pondere suo victa in latitudinem vanes-
cebat ; Candida interdum, interdum sordida et macu-
losa, prout terram cineremve sustulerat. Magnum
propiusque noscendum, ut eruditissimo viro, visum.
Iubet Liburnicam aptari ; mihi, si venire una vellem,
facit copiam. Respondi studere me malle, et forte
ipse quod scriberem dederat.
39. Pliny Succours those tvho are in Danger.
Egrediebatur domo ; accipit codicillos Rectinae

Caesi Bassi imminenti periculo exterritae ; nam villa
eius subiacebat, nee ulla nisi navibus fnga ; ut se
tanto discrimini eriperet orabat. Vertit ille con-
silium et quod studioso animo inchoaverat, obit
maximo. Deducit quadriremes, ascendit non
ipse,
Rectinae modo sed multis (erat enirn frequens amoe-
nitas orae) laturas auxilium. Properat illuc uude

alii fugiunt, rectumque cursnm. recta gubernacula in
periculum tenet, adeo solutus metu ut omnes illius
mali motus, omnes figuras, nt deprehenderat oculis,

dictaret enotaretque.
lam navibus cinis incidebat, quo propius accederent.
calidior et densior iam pumices etiam nigrique et
;
ambusti et fracti igne lapides, iam vaduni subitum

ruinaqne montis litora obstantia. Cunctatus paulum
an retro flecteret, mox eubernatori ut ita faceret
monenti 'fortes,' inquit, Pomponi-
'fortuna in vat:
anum pete/ Stabiis erat, diremptus sinu medio
nam sensim circumactis curvatisque litoribus mare
infunditur. Ibi, quamquam nondum periculo appro-
pinquante, conspicuo tamen, sarcinas contulerat in
naves, certus fugae, si contrarius ventus resedisset.
Quo tunc avunculus meus secundissimo invectus com-
plectitur trepidantem, consolatur, hortatur, utque
timorem eius sua securitate leniret deferri se in
balineum iubet. Lotus accubat, cenat aut hilaii-
aut, quod est aeque magnum, similis hilari
40. Description of the Eruption.
Interim e Vesuvio monte pluribus in locis latissimae
flammae altaque incendia relucebant. quorum fulgor

et claritas tenebris noctis excitabatur. Ille, agrestium
trepidatione ignes relictos desertasque villas per soli-
42 ROMAN LIFE.
tudinem ardere, in remedium formidinis dictitabat.

Turn se quieti dedit, et quievit verissimo quidem
somno. Nam meatus animae, qui illi propter ampli-
tudinem corporis gravior et sonantior erat, ab iis qui
^Hk
Vesuvius.
limini obversabantur audiebatur. Sed area, ex qua

diaeta adibatur, ita iam cinere mixtisque pumicibus
oppleta surrexerat ut, si longior in cubiculo mora,
exitus negaretur. Excitatus procedit, seque Pom-
poniano ceterisque, qui pervigilaverant, reddit. In
commune consultant, intra tecta subsistant an in
aperto vagentur. Nam crebris vastisque tremoribus

tecta nutabant, et quasi emota sedibus suis nunc hue
nunc illuc abire aut referri videbantur. Sub divo
rursus, quam quam leviuni exesorumque pumicum
casus metuebatur ;
quod tamen periculorum collatio
elegit. Cervicalia capitibus imposita linteis con-
stringunt : id munimentum adversus incidentia fuit.
41. PHny is Suffocated by Sulphurous Vapours.
lam dies alibi,nox omnibus noctibus nigrior

illic
densiorque. Placuit egredi in litus et ex proximo

aspicere ecquid iam mare admitteret, quod adhuc
vastum et adversum permanebat. Ibi super abiec-
tum linteum recubans semel atque iterum frigidam
aquam poposcit hausitque. Deinde flammae flam-
marumque praenuntius odor sulphuris alios in fugam
vertunt, excitant ilium. Innitens servolis duobus
adsurrexit, et statim concidit, at ego colligo, crassiore
caligine spiritu obstructo, clausoque stomacho, qui
illi natura invalidus et angustus erat. Ubi dies
redditus, corpus inveutum est integrum, illaesum
opertumque, ut fuerat indutus : habitus corporis
quiescenti quam defuncto similior.
Interim Miseni ego et mater. Sed nihil ad histor-
iam, nee tu aliud quam de exitu eius scire voluisti.
Finem ergo faciam. Unum adiciam, omnia me quibus
44 ROMAN LIFE.
interfueram, quaeque statim, cum maxime vera mem-

orantur, audieram persecutum. Tu potissima excerpes.
Aliud enim epistulam aliud historiam, aliud amico
est
aliud omnibus scribere.
42. Eruption of Vesuvius continued. Account by an

Eye-witness.
Ais te adductum litteris, quas tibi de morte avun-

culi mei scripsi, cupere cognoscere quos ego Miseni
relictus (id enim ingressus abruperam) non solum
metus verum etiam casus pertulerim. 'Quamquam
animus meminisse horret, . . . incipiam.'
Profecto avunculo ipse reliquum tempus studiis
(ideo enim remanseram) impendi mox balineum, ;
cena, somnus inquietus et brevis. Praecesserat per

multos dies tremor terrae minus formidolosus quia
Campaniae solitus. Ilia vero nocte ita invaluit ut non
moveri omnia sed verti crederentur. Irrumpit cubi-
culuni meum mater surgebam, invicem, si quiesceret,
;
excitaturus. Residimus in area domus, quae mare a

tectismodico spatio dividebat. Dubito constantiam
vocare an imprudentiam debeam agebam enim duo- ;
devicesimum annum : posco librum Titi Livi et quasi

per otium lego atque etiam, ut coeperam, excerpo.
Ecce, amicus avunculi, qui nuper ad eum ex Hispania
venerat, ut me et matrem sedentes, me vero etiam
legentem videt, illius patientiam, securitatem meam
corripit; nihilo segnius ego intentus in librum.
43. Alarming Phenomena.
lam hora diei prima, et adhuc dubius et quasi

languidus dies, lam quassatis circumiacentihus
tectis. quamquam in aperto loco, angusto tanien,
magnus et certus ruinae metus. Turn demum excedere
oppido visum. Sequitur valgus attonitum, quodque
in pavore simile prudentiae, alienum consilium suo
praefert ingentique agmine abeuntes premit et im-
pellit. Egressi tecta consistimus. Multa ibi miranda,
multas formidines patimur. Xam vehicula quae pro-
duci iusseramus, quamquam in pianissimo carapo, in
contrarias partes agebantur ac ne lapidibus qnidem
fulta in eodem vestigio quiescebant. Praeterea mare
in se resorberi et tremore terrae quasi repelli vide-
bamus. Certe processerat litus multaque animalia
maris siccis hareDis detinebat, Ab altero latere
nubes atra et horrenda, ignei spiritus tortis vibratisque
discursibus rupta, in longas flammarum figuras del; -
cebat : ftileuribus illae et similes et maiores erant.
44. Attempted Flight,
Turn vero idem ille ex Hispania amicus acrius et

instantius '
si frater/ inquit, '
tuus, tuus avunculus
vivit, vult esse vos salvos : si periit, superstites
voluit : proinde quid cessatis evadere ?
' Respondimus
non commissuros nos ut de salute illius incerti nostrae
46 ROMAN LIFE.
consuleremus. Non moratus ultra proripit se effuso-

que cursu periculo aufertur.
Nee multo post ilia nubes descendit in terras, operit
maria : cinxerat Capreas et absconderat : Miseni quod

procurrit abstulerat. Turn mater orare, hortari,
iubere quoquo modo fugerem ;
posse enim iuvenem,
se et annis et corpora gravem bene morituram, si
mihi causa mortis non fuisset. Ego contra, salvum

me una non futurum dein manum eius ampiexus,
nisi ;
addere gradum cogo. Paret aegre incusatque se quod

me moretur. lam cinis, adhuc tamen rarus. Res-
picio ; densa caligo tergis imminebat, quae nos
torrentis modo infusa terrae sequebatur. 'De-
flectamus/ inquam, 'dum videmus, ne in via strati
comitantium turba in tenebris obteramur.' Vix
consideramus, et nox, non qualis illunis aut nubila,
sed qualis in locis clausis lumine extincto. Audires
ululatus feminarum, infantum quiritatus, clamores
virorum. Alii parentes, alii liberos, alii coniuges
vocibus requirebant, vocibus noscitabant. Hi suum
casum, illi suorum, miserabantur. Erant qui metu
mortis mortem precarentur. Multi ad deos manus
tollebant, plures nusquam iam deos ullos, aeternamque
illam et novissimam noctem mundo interpretabantur.
Nee defuerunt qui fictis mentitisque terroribus vera
pericula augerent. Aderant, qui Miseni, illud ruisse,
illud ardere, falso, sed credentibus, nuntiabant.
45. Day at length dav: as, and discloses the Horrors of the
Scene.
Paulum reluxit \
quod non dies nobis sed adven-
tantis ignis indicium videbatur. Et ignis quidem
longius substitit, tenebrae rursus, cinis rursus multus
et gravis. Hunc identidem adsurgentes excutiebamus
operti alioqui atque etiam oblisi pondere essemus.
Tandem ilia caligo tenuata quasi in fumum nebu-
lamve discessit; mox dies verus, sol etiam effulsit,
luridus tamen, qualis esse, cum deficit, solet. Oc-
cursabant trepidantibus adhuc oculis mutata omnia
altoque cinere, tamquam nive, obducta. Regressi
Misenum, curatis utcumque covporibus suspensam
dubiamque noctem spe ac metu exegimus. Metus
praevalebat ; nam et tremor terrae perseverabat et
plerique lymphati temficis vaticinationibus et sua et
aliena mala ludificabantur. Nobis tamen ne tunc
quidem. quamquam et expertis periculum et exspec-
tantibus, abeundi consilium, donee de avunculo
nuntius. Haec nequaquam historia digna non
scripturus leges, et tibi, scilicet qui requisisti,
imputabis, si digna ne epistula quidem videbuntur.
Vale.
ABBREVIATIONS.
a., active. in., masculine,

abbrev. , abbreviation, n., neuter,
abl., ablative. n. f., noun feminine.
abs., absolute, n. in., noun masculine.
ace, accusative, n. n. , noun neuter,
adj., adjective, nom., nominative,
adv., adverb, num., numeral,
com., common, part., participle,
comp., comparative, part, adj., participial adjec-
conj., conjunction, tive,
contr., contraction, pass., passive,
dat. , dative, perf., perfect,
defect., defective, pers., person,
dem.. demonstrative, pi., plural,
distrib. distributive,
, poss., possessive,
esp., especially, prep., preposition,
f., feminine, pres., present,
freq. frequentative,
, pron. pronoun, ,
fut., future, pronom., pronominal,

gen., genitive, reflex., reflexive,
gov., governing, rel. , relative,
imperat. imperative, , sing., singular,
impers. impersonal, , subj., subjunctive,
impf. imperfect,
, subst. , substantive,
incept., inceptive, superb , superlative,
indecl., indeclinable, trans., transitive,
indef. indefinite,
, usu. usually,
,
inf., infinitive, v. a., verb active.

interrog. , interrogative, v. dep. , verb deponent,
irreg., irregular, v. n., verb neuter,
lit., literally. voc, vocative.
4S
VOCABULARY.
i. clar-us. -um, adj., height,

-a,
si, conj., if brilliant, illustrious, famous.
quando. adv., at any time, ever, -que, enclitic conj., ami.
chiefly after si, num, or ne. exempl-um, -i, n. n., examj)/»-.
urbs, urbis, n. f., city, esp. the instance, model, precedent.
city, Borne. sum, fui, esse, v. n. irreg.
nost-er, -ra, -rum, pronom. am.
adj., o»r. sufficio, sufficere, suffeci, sut-
liberal-is, -e, adj., befitting a fectum, v. n. 3, am sufficient,
freeman, honourable; liber -
suffice.
alia studia, politt learning. un-us, -a, •um, gen. unius,
Btudi-um, -i, n. n., zeal, appli- num. adj. one.
cation to learning, study, Euphrat-es, is, n. m., Euph-
learning. rates, a Stoic philosopher of
floreo, florui, v. n. 2, flourish, the time of Pliny.
am distinguished. pbilosoph-us, -i, n. m., phil-
nunc, adv., now. osopher.
maxime. superl. adv. chiefly, hie, haec, hoc, dem. pron.,
most, especially. this, this man. he, she, it.
mult-us, -a, -um, adj., much; ego, mei, pers. pron.. /.

pi., many; com p., plus, in, prep, with ace, info, to,
pluris, in pi., plures, plura, on : with abl., in.
plurium, more, several; Syri-a, -ae, n. f. , 5 .a
superl., plurimus, most, very country Asia on the
in
many, chieHy in pi.; pluri- Mediterranean Sea.
mum, as neut. subst. with cum, prep. gov. abl., with;
partitive gen., very much, enclitic with pers. pron.,
most. mecum, tecum, secuin, no-
4'»
50 ROMAN LIFE.
biscum, etc.; conj., token, copios-us, -a, -um, adj., copious,

since. rich, eloquent.
adulescentiil-us, -i, u. ra., a vari-us, -a, -um, adj., varied.
very young man. ad, prep. gov. ace, to, towards,
milito, v. n. 1, am
a soldier, at, near ; ad hoc, in addition
serve as a soldier. to this, moreover, also in reply
penitus, adv., intoardlyt inti- to this, hereupon.
mately, thoroughly. procerit-as, -atis, n. f., height,
et, conj., and, also. tallness.
domi, adv. , at home, in private corp-us, -5ris, n. n., body.
life. decor-us, -a, -um, adj., hand-
inspieio, inspicere, inspexi, some.
inspect am, v. a. 3, look into, faci-es, -ei, n. f., face, coun-
examine, become acquainted tenance, appearance, aspect,
with. (of a region) prospect.
amo, v. a. 1, love, am pleased, demiss-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
with. drooping, hanging down, (of
a or ab, prep. gov. abl., by, hair) long, flowing.
from. capill-us, -i, n. m., hair.
is, ea, id, gen. eius, dem. pron. ingens, ingentis, adj., large.
he, she, it, that, this, such. can-us, -a, -um, adj. white, gray.
,
laboro, v. n. 1, labour, .strive. barb-a, -ae, n. f., beard.

plen-us, -a, -um, adj., with licet, licuit and licitum est, v.
gen. or abl., full, full of. n. and impers. 2, it is al-
hunianit-as, -atis, n. f., kind- lowed, lawful, permitted, one
ness, courtesy, refinement, may ; licet is often used as
civilization. a conjunction corresponding
qui, quae, quod, gen. cuius, to quamvis, quamquam, etsi,
pron. rel., icho, which, that; although.
interrog. who ? wh ich ? w-hat ? fortuit-us, -a, -um, adj., acci-
,
praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, dental.

praeceptum, v. a. 3, enjoin. inan-is, -e, adj., empty, trifling,
dispiito, v. n. and a. 1, discuss. vain, frivolous.
subtiliter, adv., subtly, acutely. puto, v. a. 1, think; consider,
graviter, adv., in a dignified account.
manner, with dignity, vio- ille, ilia, illud, gen. illius, dat.
lently, seriously. illi, dem. pron., that, he,
ornate, adv., elegantly, with she, it.
eloquence. tamen, conj., however, yet,
serm-o, -onis, n. m., discourse, nevertheless.
language, mode of expression, venerati-o, -onis, n. f., respect,
diction, conversation. reverence.
VOCABULARY. 51
adquiro, adquisivi, adquisitum, apply oneself to learning,

v. a. 3, procure, secure, yet, study.
acquire. an, conj., or, whether.
null-us, -a, -um, adj., no, none, piscor, piscatus sum, v. dep. 1,
not any. fish.
horr-or, -oris, n. m., roughness, venor, venatus sum, v. dep. 1,
negligence. hunt.
cult-us, -us, n. m., style of simul, adv., at the same time,
dress, dr< together.
tristiti-a, -ae, n. f., sad, omn-is, -e, adj., all, every.
gloom, austerity. possum, potui, posse, v. n.
revereor, reveritus sum, v. dep. irreg., am able, can.
2, honour, respect, enim, conj.,/o/\
occurs-u^. -us, n. m., meeting, flo, fieri, factus sum, v.used
falling in v:ith, approach. as pass, of facio, am made,
non, adv. not., am clone.
reformido, v. a. \,fear, dread. Lari-us, -i, n. m., a lake in
vit-a, -ae, n. f., life. Gallia Cisalpina, on which
sanctit-as, -atis, n. f., sanctity, the town of Comum lay,
purity. now Lago di Como.
summ-us, -a, -um, superl. adj. nam, conj., for.
(from superus), highest, ut- lac-us, -iis, n. m., lake.
most, greatest, most distin- pisc-is, -is, n. m.,f.<h.
guished. fer-a, -ae, n. f. (strictly fem.
comlt-as. -atis, n. f., courtesy, of adj. ferus, bestia being
'inability. understood), wild animal,
par, paris, adj., equal. game.
insector. insectatus sum, v. dep. silv-a, -ae, n. f., wood, forest.
1, censure, blame, inveigh alt-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
a jainst. high, deep, profound.
viti-um, -i, n. n., fault, vice, ist-e, -a, -ud, gen. istius, dem.
error, evil pron. , that; used espe-
this,
hom-o, -mis, n. m., man. cially in reference to persons
nee or neque, con j a nd not, nor.
. . and things connected with
castigo, v. a. 1, punish, reprove. the person addressed,
erro, v. n. 1, wander, stray, err. secess-us, -us, n. m., re/'/ -
sed, conj., but. ment, retreat.

emendo. v. a. 1, correct, amend, affatim, adv., abundantly.
reclaim. suggero, Buggeasi, suggestnm,
v. a. 3, furnish, supply.
sive or seu. conj., or if; sive
studeo, Btudui, v. a. and n. 2, ... sive, whether ... or.
52 ROMAX LIFE.
aliquis, aliquid, indef. subst. abrumpo, abrupi, abruptum,

pron. , some one, somebody. v. a. 3, break off, break
anyone, something, anything. through, burst.
facio, facere, feci, factum, v. a. vet-us, -eris, adj., old ; veter-
3, do, make. es, -um, n. m. pl., the
dico, dixi, dictum, v. a. 3, say, ancients.
rehearse, call. negoti-um, -i, n. n business,
invldeo, invidi, invisum, v. a. thing, occupation, a case, a
2, envy, grudge law-suit.
ango, anxi, v. a. 3, distress, nov-us, -um, adj
-a, , new;
trouble. superl., novissim-us, -a, -um,
sic,adv., so, thus ; sic ... ut, in last.
comparative clauses, so ... a*, accresco, accrevi, accretum, v.
concupisco, concupivi or con- n. 3. am added to.
cupii, concupitum, v. a. 3, prior, -us, gen. -oris, comp.

long for. adj. former, previous, first.
,
ut, adv., as, how, when : ut ... perago, peregi, peractum, v.

sic, as so : eooj, with subj.,
. . . a. 3, carry through, complete,
that, »0 that, in order that. finish.
aeg-er, -ra, -rum, adj., sick, tot, num. adj. indecl., so many.
suffering. nex-us, -us, n. m. fastening, tie. ,
aeger, as subst., a sick person. quasi, adv., as if, as it were.

vin-um, -i, n. n. wine. , caten-a, -ae, n. f., chain, fetter.
baline-um, -i, n. n. (pi. balinea magn-us, -a, -um, adj., great,
and balineae), bath. large; comp., mai-or, -us,
fons, fontis, n. m., spring, gen. -oris maior-es, -um,
;
fountain, mineral spring. n. m. ancestors, forefathers

,
numquam. adv., never. superb, maximus.

-ne, interrog. enclitic particle. dies, -ei, n. m., sometimes f.
In direct questions it is in sing., day, daylight; in
translated by giving an in* diem, for the day, regardless
terrog. form to tbe sentence, of the future ; indies, doily.
in indirect questions by occupati-o, -onis, n. f. busi, ,
u-hether. employment, occupation.

art-us, -um, adj., close, agm-en, -Inis, n. n., train,
-a,
strait,narrow. multitude, band.
laque-us, -i, n. m. noose, snare, extendo, extendi, extentum, v.
,
fetters, bonds. a. 3, extend, prolong.

solvo, solvi. solutum, v. a. 3,
loosen, set free, relax.
nego, v. a. and n. 1, say no, rideo, risi, risum, v. a. and n.
deny, refuse. I 2, laugh, laugh at.

VOCABULARY 53
nosco, novi, notum, v. a. 3, j

lance-a. -ae, n. spear, lance.
f. ,
know. stil-us, -i, n. m. style or pen .
ap-er, -ri, n. m.
wild boar.
, used by the Romans for
tres, tria, gen. trium, num. writing on wax tablets it ;
adj., three. was pointed and usually

quidem, adv., indeed. made of iron.
pulch-er, -ra, -rum, adj., beau- pugillar-is,-e, adj., of or be-
tiful, handsome, fine; comp., longing to the fist or hand,
pulchrior; superl.. pulcher- that can be held in the hand :
rimus. as subst. pugillar-es, -ium
capio, capere, cepi, captum, v. (supply libelli), n. m.. writ-
a. 3, take, catch, hunt down, ing-tablets.
receive, reap, enjoy, contain, meditor, v. dep. 1, think or
hold. reflect upon, muse over.
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, gen. ipsius, enoto, v. a. 1, note down, make
dem. pron. used both as notes.
subst. and adj., self, myself, man-us, -us, n. f. hand. ,
himself, yourself, etc. vacu-us, -a, -um, adj., empty.

inquam, v. defect., say. cer-a, -ae, n. f. , v:ax, writing-
omnlno, adv. altogether,
, icholly. tablet covered with wax.
at all, to be sure. reporto, v. a. 1, bring back.
inerti-a, -ae, n. f., laziness. quod, conj.. because, where-
me-us, -a, -um, poss. pron., fore, why. that : non est quod.
my, mine ; mei, meorum, n. there is no reason that : quod
m. pi., my friend*, my people, si, but if.
my servants. contemno, contempsi, contemp-

qui-es, -etis, n. f., repose. tum, v. a. 3, despise.
discedo, discessi, discessum, v. gen-us, -eris, n. n., kind, sort,
n. 3, depart from, forsake, descent, stock, style (of com-
pass away, give up. position).
ret-e, -is, n. n. , net. mir-us, -a, -um, adj., wonderful.
sSdeo, sedi, sessum, v. n. 2, sU. anim-us, -i, n. m., mind, spirit.
propi-or, -us, gen. -oris, comp. agitati-o, -onis, n. f. , movement,
adj., n*arer; proxim-us, -a,
j
agitation.
-um. superl. adj., nearest, i
mot-us. -us, n. m., motion,
next, last ; in proximo, dose tumult, raging.
|
by. beside one ex proximo, ; excito, v. a. 1, rouse, stimulate,

from the neighbourhood excite.
venabul-um, -i, n. n., hunti ag- iam. adv., now. already, more-
ar. over.
aut. conj., or; aut ... aut. undique. adv., from all sides,
tit her ... or. nil around.
E
54 ROMAN LIFE.
BOlitud-o, -inis, n. f., loneliness, 4.

solitude. quis, quid, interrog. pron.,
silenti-um, -i, n. n., sib nee, who? which? what indef. ?
venati-o, -onis, n. f. hunting, , pron., any, an;/ one, any-
chase. thing, often with si or ne.
do, dare, dfidi, datum, v. a. 1. tu, tui, pers. pron., thov.
gin iucund-us, -a, -urn, adj., agree-
cogitati-o, -onis, n. f. , thought, able, phasing.
meditation. iniungo, iniunxi, iniunctum,
incitament-urn, -i, u. a., in- v. a. 3, enjoin, impose a com-
'' ntive. mission on ore
proinde, adv., just as; conj., praecept-or. -oris,
n. in., teacher,
therefore, accordingly. instructor.
auct-or, -oris, n. m., one by frat-er, -ris, n. m., brother.
whose influence, advice or tu-us, -a, -lira, poss. pron.,
command anything is done, thy, thine, your, yours.
instigator. j often in abl. abs., liber-i, -orum, n. m. pi., chil-
me auctore, at my instance, dren.
by my advice. quaero, quaeslvi or quaesii,
panari-urn, -i, n. n. bread- quaesltum, v. a. 3, seek, ask.
,
basket, provision-ham /> r. benefici-um, -i, n. n., kindness,

lagunciil-a, -ae, n. f., flask. favour : beneficio tuo, thanks
etiam. conj., also, even; often to you.
used as an affirmative, yes, schol-a, -ae, n. f., school.
fero, ferre, tali, latum, v. a., redeo, redire, redii, reditum,
bear, carry, produce, report, v. n. 4, go back, return.
relate, say, (of roads) lead. dulc-is, -e, adj., sweet, pleasant,
experior, expertns sum, v. dep. delightful.
4. try, prove, test, find by aet-as, -atis, n. f. age. ,
experi< n ce e xperie ace.

, resunio, resumpsi, resumptum,
Dian-a, -ae, n. f., the goddess v. a. 3, resume, renew.
of the chase. inter, prep. gov. ace, among,
magis. adv., more, rather. between.
mons, montis, n. m., moun- iuven-is, adj., young; comp.
tain. iunior : as subst.,a young
quam, adv., than, in what person, lad, young man.
manner, how. soleo, solitus sum, v. n. 2, am
Minerv-a, the goddess
-ae, n. f. wont, accustomed.
,
of wisdom, of the arts and quant-us, -a, -urn, adj., how

sciences, and of poetry. great, so great as ; quantum.
inerro. v. n. 1, wander in, n. n., with gen., how much;
ramble in. quanto, by how- much, accord-
VOCABULARY. .).!
inn as, the : quanto ... tanto. nisi, conj.,if not, unlet nisi
by how much ...by so much, quod, save that.
the ...the ; quantum ... tan- laus, laudis, n. f. ,
pro
turn, as much as ... so much. renown, credit.
apud. prep. gov. ace. Of, pertineo, pertinni, v. n. 2,
presence of, with, at the house relate to. concern.
of.
auctorit-as. -aids, n. f. author- ,
5.
ity, weight, influence.
e or ex. prep. gov. abl., from, quemadmodum, adv., how, in
out of, (to express the body what n
or class of which some person diu. adv. long : comp. , diutius ,
or thing forms, a part) of, of superb, dintissime.

the number of. fruor, frui, fructus sum, v. dep.
habeo, habui, habltum, v. a. 2, 3, enjoy.
hare. oportet. oportuit, impers. v. *2.
proxime, adv. , lately. it behooves, it is becoming,
frequens. frecpuentis, adj.. one ought.
crowded, repeated, constat! util-is, -e, adj.,
auditori-um, -i, n. n., lecture- Jicial.
room. prim-us, -a, -urn, superl. adj.,
sui (there is no nom. ), dat. first, foremost; in primis.
sibi, ace. and abl. se or s among the first, chiefly, t-
pron. of 3rd pers. sing, and daily.
pi., himself, herself, itself, vel, conj., or ; vel ... vel. etthen
themselves, h?, she, it, they; ... or.
inter se. among them=>e -um, adj., Greet,
Graec-us, -a,
together. Or -i, n. m.. Graec-us.
coram, prep. gov. abl., before, a Greet : Graec-um, -i, n. n..
in the pr\ of. the Greet langua* eet. .
'
ord-o, -inis, n. m., arrange- Latln-us, -a, -um, adj.. Latin .
ment, line, rank, class, ord r, Latin-um. -i. n. n.. the £

often the order is used for language, Latin.
tic
s
verto, veiti. versum. v. a. 3.
clare. adv.. dearly, aloud. turn, o>> Hum, cha\
iocor, v. dep. I, jest, joke, late.
intro. v. a. and n. 1, enf- r. exercitati-o, -onis. n. f. , ea
conticesco. conticui. v. n. 3, . prod
rpeaking, become still. propriet-as, -Mis, n. f., pro
refero, referre, rettuli, relatum,
v. a., bear hark, report. splend-or, -oris, n. m., splen-
relate, repay. dour, brilliah.
56 ROMAN LIFE.
verb-um, -i, n. n., word, ex- nihil, n. n. indecl., nothing;

pression. used as adv., in nothing, in
copi-a, -ae, n. f. , abundance, no respect, not at all; non
fulness, richness, fulness of nihil, something, somewhat.
expression, opportunity, faci- obsum, obesse, offui, v. n., am
lities. prejudicial to, hurt, injure.
figur-a, -ae, n. f., figure, form, hactSnus, adv., thus far, so far.
figure of speech. res, rei, n. f., thing, matter^
vis, ace. vim, abl. vi, n. f., subject, affair, occurrence.
force, vigour. argument-um, -i, n. n., argu-
explico, explicavi and explicui, ment, subject, plot.

explicatum and explicltum, teneo, tenui, tentum, v. a. and
v. a. 1, unfold, expound, set n. 2, hold, possess, grasp,
forth. comprehend.
praeterea, adv., besides. aemiil-us, -i, n. m. , rival.
imitati-o, -onis, n. f. , imitation, scribo, scripsi, scriptum, v. a.

copying. 3, write.
bon-us, a, -urn, adj., good: confero, conferre, conttili, col-
comp. , meli-or, -us, gen. latum, v. a., bring together,
-oris, better; superl., optiin collect, compare, contribute
-us, -a, -um, best. se conferre, to betake oneself.
simil-is, -e, adj., like, similar. ac, conj., and.
invenio, inveni, inventum, v. sediilo, adv., eliligently, care-
a. 4, find, find out, invent, fully.
discover. pensito, v. a. 1, ponder, con-
facult-as, -atis, n. f., power, sider.
ability. commode, adv., duly, properly,
paro, v. a. 1, prepare, acquire. skilfully ; comp.. commodius
lSgo, legi, lectum, v. a. 3, superl., commodissime.
read. gratulati-o, -onis, n. f., con-
fallo, fefelli, falsura, v. a. 3, gratidation, joy.
deceive, escape the notice of, nonnull-us, -a, -urn, adj., some,
elude, elude discovery. several.
transfero, transferre, transtuli, pud-or, -oris, n. m., shame,
translatuui, v. a., translate. decency, propriety.
fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitum, v. cunct-us, -a, -urn, and more
a. and n. 3, flee, flee from, frequently in pi., cunct i,
escape one's notice. -ae, -a, adj., all together,
intellegenti-a, -ae, n. f. under-
, all.
standing, taste. bene, adv., well : comp. melius
,
iudici-um, -i, n. n., judgment, Bnperl., optime.

discernment, court, trial. interdum, adv., sometimes.
VOCABULARY 57
not-us, -a, -um, part. adj.. praetextat-us, -i, n. m. one

kite ii- a. icho wears the to 'j a prae-
eligo, elegi, electum. v. a. 3, text a, a youth. The toga
Jt out, choose, select. praetexta, bordered with
certo, v. a. 1, contend, emulate, purple, -was worn at Fiome
'_
with, rival. by the higher magistrates
aud-ax, -acis, adj., bold, daring. and by free-born children
improb-us, -a, -urn, adj., im- till they assumed the toga
pudent, impertinent. virilis.
quia, conj., beca> respondeo, respondi, respon-
secret-us, -a. -urn, part. adj.. sum, answer.
v. a. 2.
private, a tret. ubi. adv. interrog., wlu
contenti-o, -onis, n. f., contest, rel., where; of time. when,
struggle, dispute. Mediolan-um, -i, n. n., a city in
itaque, conj., and so, accord- (pallia Cisalpina, now Milan.
ingly. cur. adv. interrog., why? rel.,
orat-or, -oris, n. m., speaker, ichy, for doing so and so.
ora hie, adv., here, hereupon.
m., man.
vir. viri, u. pat-er. -ris. n. m., father.
exerceo, exercui, exercltum. v. una. adv., together, in the same
a. 2, pro.' pi"
delecto. v. a. 1, delight, an atque, conj., and.
please. adduco, adduxi. adductum, v.
immo, adv., nay rath* a. 3, bring, lead >o a place,
opuscul-um, -i. n. n., little move, induce.
' r or I:. puer, pueri, n. m., hoy.
intendo, intendi. intentuin and quare, adv.. win : why?
intensum, v. a. 3, stretch, vehementer, adv., extrenu

h.
remitto, remisi, remissum. v. intersum, interf-sse, interfui.
a. 3, slacken, relax, relieve. present at, attend.
v. n., fin)
interest, impers. a-, with gen.
6.
of pers. or with mea. tuft,
,
patri-o. -ae. n. f. , fatherland, sua, nostra, vestra, it con-

nativt i la rns me, you. etc.
venio, veni, ventum. v. n. 4. vest-er. -ra, -rum, poss. pron.,
come.
,
saluto. v. a. 1. pay one s re- opportune, adv., seasonably,
spects *o, wait upon a person. opportunely.
munic-eps, -Ipis, n. com. ./> llou:- complur-es, -a and -ia, gen.
cUizen, fellow-countryman. -ium, adj. or subst.. n ral, <
flli-us, -i, n. m., son. ' >•>; runny.

ROMAN LIFE.
audio, audlvi oraudii, auditum, grat-u*. -a, -um, adj.. accept'

v. a. 4, In 'ir. listt n. able, :/.
potissimum. superL, adv., espe- ediico. v. a. 1. bring »/>. rear,

cially, most of all. ,1 r < .
disco, didici, v. a. 3, leam. nascor, natus sum, v. dep. 3,

iucunde, adv. ."<//•. eably; comp., am born, art
iucundius. statim. adv.. forthwith, imme-
moror. v. dep. a. and n. 1, diately.
linger, rem" rid di lay, infanti-a. -ae, n. f.
. infancy, ,
retard. early childhood.

parv-us, -a. -una, adj., small, natal-is, -e, adj., of or belonging
little ; min-or, -us, gen. -oris, to oin '< birth, not at : natal-es,
less, smaller, inferior, hum- -ium. n. m. pi., birth, origin.
bier ; minim-us, -a, -urn. sol-uni, -i, n. n., ground, soil,
A ast, smallest. land.
sumpt-us, -us, n. m., i consuesco.consuevi, consuetum.
COst. v. n.3, become accustomed,
quantul-us, -a, -uni, adj., how am accustomed.
I it/I'-, how small.
ergo, conj., therefore, tk 7.

pecuni-a, -ae, n. f. moi , avuncul-us, -i. n. m. (maternal)
condfLco, conduxi, conductuin. uncle.
v. a. 3, hirt ante, adv. and prep. gov. ace,
habitati-o. -onis, n. f. . (facetting, before.
lodgings. lux, lucis, n. f'., light, daylight.
viatic-um. -i, n. n. travelling , eo, ire, ivi or ii. ituni, v. n., go.
ex Vespasian-us. -i, n. m., '/'.
peregre. adv., abroad, away Flavins Sabin 'is Vespasian "•-•.

from home. Roman emperor 70-79 a.d.
emo, end, emptum, v. a. 3, imperat-or, -oris, n. m., em-
buy. peror.
impendo, impeudi. impensum, inde, adv., thence, then, after
v. a. 3, expend. that.
adicio, adicere, adieci, adiec- delego, v. a. 1, assign.
tum, v. a. 3, add to. ofBci-um, -i, n. n., duty, office,
merc-es, -edis, n. f., salary, service, favour, ceremony.
pay. reverto, reverti, and revertor,
honest-us, -a, -urn, adj., honour- reversus sum. v. n. 3, return.
able. domum, adv., home, home-
praesto, praestlti, prae?taturn wards, to home.
or praestltum, v. a. I, furnish, reliqu-us, -a, -um, adj., re-
'jive, present. in nininrj.
VOCABULARY 50
temp-us, -oris, n. n., time. ceter-i. -ae, -a (the sing, is

reddo. reddidi. redditum, v. a. rare', adj., the rest, the
3, givt back, return, devote, oiherSi
represent, reproduct ; se red- cur-a, -ae. n. f., cart, conct
dere. return to, rejoin. regard.
post, prep. gov. ace., af vaco. v. ii. 1, am free to attt nd,
cib-us. -i. n. m., / od. l,nr<: leisure for, devote on* <> (f
saepe. adv., often; eomp., to.
saepius ; superl. saepissiine. lat-us, -eiis, n, n. , side.
oti-um, -i, n. n., leis notari-us, -i, n. m., shorthand
iaceo, iacui, iacltnm, v. n. 2, reciter, secretary.
lie, lie ill, lie in bed. niems. hit-mis, n. f. winter. ,
sol, solis, n. m., sun. manic-ae, -arum, n. f. pi., the

lib-er, -ri, n. m. , book. long sleeve of a tunic, reaching
adnoto. v. a. 1, note down, n to the hand, and therefore
mark, comment on, mak> supplying the place of our
notes. qlo re
excerpo. excerpsi, excerptum, munio. v. a. 4. defend, protect.
v. a. 3, pick otif, make ex- ne, conj., lest, that not ; adv.,
tract*, make «elect'"' 9. ne ... quideni, not even.
tam, adv., so; tarn ... quam. caelum, -i, n. n. sky. heaven, ,
as ... as. weather, temperature, climate.

mal-us, -a. -urn, adj.. bad. asperit-as. :is, n. f., seventy,
aliqu-i, -a, -od, indef. adj., ro U'/h n 1 88, h a rskness.

some, any. ull-us, -a, -um, adj., any.
pars, partis, n. f., /> vrt, side. ereptum,
eripio, eripere, eripui,
prosum, prodesse, profui. v. n., v. a. 3, snatch away, take
am useful, run of avail. away, rescue (from danger),
medi-us, -a. -urn, adj., that is caus-a, -ae, n. f., cause, reason,
in the middle, mid, midway, law-suit.
half-way between; medi-um, Roma, -ae. n. f. . Rome.
-i, n. ii.. the mi<h quoque, conj., also. too. even.
labor, -oris, n. m., labour, toU. sell-a, -ae, n. f., cha an.
fremit-us, -us, u. m., noise, din. veho. vexi. rectum, v. a. 3,
sol-us. -a, -um, adj., on'y. atom . carry, convey; in pass., am
eximo. exemi, exemptum. v. a. earru d <>r borm rub . .
3, takeaway, take out exim- memori-a. -ae, n. f. memory,

•
,
ere diem, consumt waste a

. n collection.
day, suspend proceedings for repeto, repetivi or repetii, re-
a <(a)/. petitum. v. a. 3, fetch back,
iter, itineris, n. n., way, again, n turn to, /.-
journey. n > fit.

60 ROMAN LIFE.
compio, compere, corripui, -i, n. m., Pliny.

Plini-us,
correptum, v. a. 3, reprove, exprimo, expressi, expressum,
blame, seize upon : corripere v. a. 3, express, describe, re-
viam, to hasten the journey. present, portray.
ambulo, v. a. 1, walk, take a uterque, utraque, utrumque,
walk. pron., both, each.
hor-a, -ae, n. f. hnvr.
, nos, nostrum and nostri, nobis,
psrdo, perdidi, perdituin, v. a. pi. of ego, we.
3, lose, waste, aliter, adv., otherwise.
pereo, perire, perii, v. n., ignot-us, -a, -um, adj., un-
perish, am losf, am wasted; kno>i-i<.
pereo is regularly used as accido, accidi, v. n. 3, happen.

the pass, of perdo. ali-us, -a, -ud, adj. and Bubsfc.
arbitror, v. dep. 1, am of another, other (of many) ;
opinion, consider, think: alius ... alius, the one ... the
other, one another ; alii . . . .
alii, some ... other*.

pauc-i, -ae, -a (sing, very rare),
volupt-as, -atis, n f., pleasure, adj.,/e>'\
delight. recumbo, recubui. v. n. 3,
nuper, adv., lately. recline at table.
Corneli-us, -i, Tacitus, -i, n. egregi-us, -a, -um, adj., dis-
m. , Cornelius Tacitus, the tinguished, eminent.
great Roman historian of the Fadi-us, -i, Rufin-us, -i, n. m.,
imperial epoch, Fadius Riifinus.
narro, v. a. 1, narrate, relate, super, prep. gov. ace, over,
tell. above, besides, on.
quidam, quaedam, quoddam, primum, adv., first, for the
pron., a certain, somebody, first time, in the first place ;
something. ut primum. as soon as.
Circens-es, -ium. n. m. pi. demonstro, v. a. 1, point out.
(supply ludi), games in the video, vidi, visum, v. a. 2, see;
circus (Maximus). pass., seem, appear, seems
erudit-us, -a, -um, part, adj., gooel or right.
learned. deinde and dein, adv., then,
requiro, requislvi or requisii, thereupon, in the next place.
requisitum, v. a. 3, ask, ver-um, -i, n. n., the truth, the
inquire, seek for. fact.
Italic-us, -i, n. m., an Italian. fateor, fassus sum, v. dep. 2,
provincial-is, -is, n. m., an confess, oum, acknowledge.
inhabitant of a province, a fruct-us, -us, n. m., fruit,
provincial. profit, reward.
VOCABULARY. 61
9. fabul-a, -ae, n. narrai

f.,
provent-us. -fis, n. m. ,
growth, story, talk. conversation,myth.
crop. contero, eontiivi, contrltum. v.
poet-a, -ae, n. in., p a. 3, wear out, waste, spend.
ann-us, -i, n. m., year. subinde, adv., presently, from
affero, afferre, attuli, allatum, time to time.
v. a., bring. nuntio, v. a. 1, announce, bring
tot-us, -a, -urn, adj., whole, word.
entire. iubeo, iussi, iussum, v. a. 2,
mens-is, -is, n. m., month. bid, command, order.
April-is, -is, n. m. (properly recitat-or. -oris, n. m., reader.
adj.), April. praefati-o, -onis, n. f. preface,,
fere, adv., almost, nearly. introduction.

recito, v. a. 1, recitt read aloud. . evolvo, evolvi, evolutum, v. a.
iuvo, iuvi, iutum, v. a. 1. help, 3, unroll, unfold, read (lit.
often impers.
benefit, delight : unfold) a book,
iuvat with subject clause, it tunc, adv., then.
delights me, pleases me, I run demum. adv.. at length, at lost.
plea» d, delighted. lente, adv., slowly.
vigeo. v. n. 2, thrive, flourish. cunctanter, adv., with delay.
profero, proferre, protuli, pro- permaneo. permansi, perman-
latum, bring out, bring
v. a., sum, v. n. 2, stay to the t
forth, produce ; se proferre, continue.
raise them - -. nice fin-is. -is, n. m.. ^nd.
themselves. recedo, recessi, recessum, v. n.
ingeni-um, -i, n. n., talents, 3, /• ''/•<:. withdraw, go away,
ah man ofI 'ire, (of a place) is distant.
mind. retired.
ostento. v. a. 1, shoic, exhibit, dissimulanter. adv., secretly.
hold up as an example, in a elandt slim way.
tametsi, conj., although. furtim, adv., by stealth.
pigre, adv., slowly, sluggishly. simpliciter, adv.. simply,
coeo, coire, colvi or coii, straightforwardly, unj
coltum, v. n., come together, tioudy : comp., simplicius.
assemble, knit (of the parts libdre. way., frankly, openly.
of a broken bone), at, conj., but.
plerique. pleraeque. pleraque Hercule, voc. of Hercules, used
(sing, rare), adj., very many, in asseverations, by Hero/
most. parens, -entis, n. m. and f.,
stati-o, -onis, n. f., place where parent, most frequent in pi.,
people stay, public pla parents, o n : the word
lounge. is used of the generations
62 ROMAN LIFE.
immediately preceding the laudo. !
'
v. a. 1, praise.
present ; all ancestors more probo, v. a. 1, approre.
remote than grandparents audlt-or.
|
-oris, n. m., hearer.
are called maiores. vel, conj., or : vel ... vel, ither t
Claudi u<, -ij Caesar, -axis, n. ... or.
m., Claudius Cat mr, Roman desidi-a, -ae, n. £., laziness,

emperor 41-">4 a.t>. sloth, i<)'i leness.
palati-um, -i, n. n., pah superbi-a, -ae, n. f. , haughti-
spatior, walk.
v. n. 1, ness, arrogaw'. pride.
clam-or, -oris, n. m., cry, shout, retardo, v. a. 1, keep bwlc,
applawt .
discourage.
Nonian-us, -i. n. m., NonioMfta equidem, adv., chiefly with
was a distinguished pleader 1st pers. sing., truly, indeed,
and historian, mentioned also I for my part.
by Tacitus and Quintilian. prope, adv. aud prep. gov. ace,
sublt-us, -a, -urn, adj., sudden, near, nearly, almost; comp.,
unexpected. propius.
inopinat-us, -a, -urn, adj., m,- nemo, neminis (but in classical
expect*' 1 . Latin nulllus, from nullus,
otios-us. -a, -urn, adj .,
at ft isure, is used as the gen., and
idle. nullo, nulla as the abl.),
quisque, quaeque, quodque, pron., no one.
indef. pron., each, every; desum. deesse, defui, v. n.,
with superl. to express uni- fail, am wanting.
versality, otiosissimus quis- sane, adv., indeed, truly, to be
que, all the most idle, the stare.
idlest people. amic-us, -a, -um, adj., friendly;
multo, adv., by much, much, amlc-us. -i. n. m., friend.
long : multo ante, long before. quisquam, quaequam, quic-
rogo. v. a. 1, ask, invite. quam or quidquam, indef.
identidem, adv., repeatedly, pron., any one, anything,
often. something.
admoneo, v. a. 2, remind, warn. long-us, -a, -um, adj., long,
queror, questus sum, v. dep. 3, tedious.
complain. destino. v. a. 1, design, intend.
tant-us. -a, -urn, adj., so great consumo, consumpsi, consump-
tantus ... quantus. so great tion, v. a. 3, consume, spend.
. as ; tantum, n. a., so much : recitati-o, -onis, n. f., reading,
. .
abl. tanto with comp. by so recital. ,
much, so much the ; tantum, adsum, adesse, adfui, v. n.,

!
adv. only, merely ; tantum

, am present, am present at.
... quantum, so much .. as. credlt-or, -oris, n. in., creditor.
VOCABULARY. 63
ita. adv.. thus, so. compono. composui, composi-

grati-a, -ae, n.
fat/our, f. ,
tum, v. a. 3. compost w\ .
pleasantness, charm, beauty, arrangt . lay to rest.
courtesy, thanks ; gratiam port-us, -us, n. m., harbour,

referre, return thanks, show haven, refuge,
one'sgratitucU ; gratiasagere. sin-us, -us, bay. place of shelter,
return thank*. bosom.
reposco, v. a. 3. demand bach. praemi-um, -i, n. n., reward.
denique, adv., lastly, finally,
10. in fane.
exciiso. v. a. 1, excuse, apolo- litter-a, -ae, n. f. , letter, written
gist for. sign; pi., letter, epistle, re-
Titini-us, Capit-o, -onis. n.
-i, cords, literature, U anting,
in., Titinius Co into, a lite- scholarship.
rary friend of Pliny's. senesco, senui, v. n. 3, grow
nescio, v. a. 4. do not ha obi, grow feeble, wane, fall
know not : nescio quis, J off, decline,
know not who, some < reduct-or, -oris, n. m., one v:h>>
somebody. brings hark, n storer.
debeo, v. a. 2, owe, "m under dom-ns. -us, n. f., house, home.
an obligation, ought. praebeo. praeijui, praelutum.
cupio, cupere, cupivi, or cupii, v. a. 2, offer, supply, lend.
eupltum, v. a. 3, dt m tantum, adv., only,
praecipu-us, -a, -urn, adj.. benignlt-as. -atis, n. f., hi
especial, chief, principal. nets, courtesy.
saecul-um, -i. u. n., age, gx frequento, v. a. 1, visit often,
ation. frequent, eel* brate.
ornament -um. -i, n. n., orna- certe, adv.. certainly, at any
ment. rate, at least.
numero, v. a. 1, count, reckon, modo, adv.. only; modo ...
number, consider. modo, at one time ... at an-
colo, colui, cultuin, v. a. 3, sometim ts
oth>- r, sometimes : . . .
cultivaU . devote oneself to. non modo

(understand a
studios-us, -a, -um, adj., second non after modo)...
studious, learned. sed ne ... quidem, not only
foveo, fOvi, fotnm, v. a. 2. not ... },vJ not < ven.
cherish, foster. porro, adv., moreover, b
proveho, provexi, provectum, turp-is, -e, adj., disgraceful,
v. a. 3, carry forvooA bo
promote, adc s. often lis, litis, n. f. , law-suit.
in middle sense. ed, tero, trivi, tritum, v. a. 3,
advance, yo. rub, rub away, harm ,
64 ROMAN LIFE.
obstringo, obstrinxi. obstric- pi-us, -a, -um, adj., pious,

tum, v. a. 3, bind, lay under <
1
ionate, loya I.
fie et
an obligation. mun-us, -eris, n. n. , service,

credo, credldi, creditum, v. a. duty. gift.
3, believe. exsequi-ae, -arum, n. f. pi.,
obeo, obire, obivi or obii, funeral procession, obsequies.
obitum, v. a. meet, engagi funebr-is, -e, adj., belonging to
in, execute, carry out ; obire a funeral, fum real, funeral,.
vadimonium, meet one's bail, laudati-o, -Oiiis, n. f., eulogy,
appear at the appoint"/ panegyric.
time. ser-us, -a, -um, adj., late.
vadimoni-um, -i, n. n., bail, ver-us, -a, -um, adj., true,
recognisance. real.
minus, adv. ft us.,
obligo, v. a. 1, bind, put under 11.

an obligation. mirific-us, -a, -um, adj., won-
sedullt-as. -Fitis, n. f., assi- derful, strange, curious.
duity, zeal. rec-ens, -entis, adj., fresh.
celebro. v. a. 1. do frequently, excipio. excipere, excepi, ex-
practise, commemorate, cele- ceptum, v. a. 3, receive.
brate, attend a celebration, Passenn-us, -i, Paull-us, -i, n.
attend a funeral. ni., Possennus Paullus, a
vicis (as a gen. the nora. does
, poet, a friend of Pliny's.
not occur), vicern, vice, pi., splendid-us, -a, -um, adj.,
vices, vicibus, n. f., inter- distinguished.
change, return, requital : vice eques, equitis, n. m., knight.
alterna, alternately. Roman-us, -a, -um, adj., Roman.
mutu-us, -a, -urn, adj., in eleg-i, -dram, n. m. , elegiac
return, reciprocal, mutual. verses, elegy.
sollicito, v. a. 1, stir, agitate, gentilici-us, -a, -um, adj., of
attract. or belonging to a clan.
honest-as, -atis, n. f. , lwble Properti-us, -i, n. m., a cele-
character, honour. brated elegiac poet, an older
materi-a, -ae, n. f matter, , contemporary of Ovid.
subject. su-us, -a, -um, poss. pron.,
exit-us, -us, n. m., going out, his, her, its, their; pi. as
egress, end, death. subst. sui, his, her, their ,
illustr-is. -e, adj., famous, friends.

illustrious. coepio, coepi, coeptum, v. a.
car-us, -a, -um, adj., dear. and n. 3, begin.
fungor, functus sum, v. dep. 3, Iavolen-us, -i, Prisc-us, -i, n.
discha rge perform.
,
in., an eminentRoman lawyer.
VOCABULARY. 65
vero, adv., in truth, truly; san-us, -a, -um, adj., sound,

conj., but, but indeed. sane.
cogito, v. a. 1, think, think of. verum, conj., but.
ris-us, -us. n. m. laughter.,
ioc-us, also ioca, iocorum),

-i (pi.
12.
n. m. jut, joke.
,
sollicitud-o, -inis, n. f. , anxiety.
dubi-us, -a, -um, adj., doubt- afficio, amcere, affeci, affectum,
ful. v. a. 3, exert an influence on,
sanit-as, -atis, n. f. , soundness affect, visit icith ; sollicitudine
of mind, sanity. amcere, cause anxiety to.
adnibeo, adhibui, adhibitum, valetud-o, -inis. n. f. health,,
\\ a. 2, summon, in- good health, health, illness.

ill
consili-um, -i, n. n., deVber- iust-us, -a, -um, adj., just,

ation, consultation, counsel, sufficient.
plan. de, prep. gov. abl., about, con-
ius, iuris, n. n., law, right, cerning, from, because of, for.
justice. amans, amantis, part, adj.,
civfl-is, -e, adj., civil. fond of, attached to.
publice, adv., on behalf of the aemiilor, v. dep. 1, rival, vie
stat<-. publicly. with.
ridicul-us. -a, -um, adj., laugh- duco, duxi, ductum, v. a. 3,
able, absurd. lead, conduct, draw, derive.
notabil-is, -e, adj., notîcorthy, sumo, sumpsi, sumptum, v. a.
remarkable. 3, take, take up.
interim, adv., meanwhile. op-us, -eris, n. d., work, book
alien-us, -a, -urn, adj., of an- opus est, it is needful, there
other person, another's. is need.
delirati-o, -onis, n. f., folly. ters-us, -a, -um, part. adj.
aliquant-us, -a, -um, adj., (from tergeo), pure, neat,
somewhat, considerable: ali polished.
quantum, n. n., somexchat, moll-is, -e, adj., soft, pleasant,
some part, some, often with delicati
partitive gen. plane, adv., clearly, quite.
frig-us, -6ris, n. n., cold, chill. lyric-a, -orum, n. n. pi., lyric
a cold or frigid reception of poems.
a discourse. deflecto. deflexi, deflexum, v.
sollicite, adv., carefully, anx- a. and
n. 3, turn asidi
iously. Horati-us, -i, n. m. Horace. ,
provideo, provldi. provlsum, v. alter, altera, alterum,

adj.,
a. and n. 2. act with foresight, the other (of two), th* second,
take can . the next; alter ... alter, the
solum, adv., alone, only. one ...the other.
GG ROMAN LIFE.
effingo, effinxi, effictum, v. a. ceptum, v. take back,

a. 3,
3, fashion, repre» nt, portray. recover, receive, accept, admit;

cognati-o, -onis, n. f., relation- se recipere, betake oneself,
sh ip. retire from or to any place,
valeo, valui, valltum, v. n. 2, also -recover oneself.
have power, have influence, am gratiilor, v. dep. 1, congratu-
strong, am well
vale, fare- : late.
well, often at the end of a periciil-um, -i, n. n., danger,
letter. discrim-en, -inis, n. n., risk,
propinqu-us, -a, -urn, adj., i" ril.
near, neighbouring : propin- adeo, adire, adii, aditum, v. a.
qu-us, -i, n. m., relation, Hu- and n., go to, approach,
man. incur (danger).
variSt-as, -atis, n. f., diversity, sal-us, -utis, n. f., safety,
variety. health.
mobillt-as, -atis, n. f., mobility, glori-a, -ae, n. f., glory, fame.
flexibility, vivacity. consequor, consecutus or con-
vere, adv., trvhj ; comp., sequiitus, v. dep. 3, attain,
verius superl., verissimG.
;
obtain.
doleo, dolui, dolitum, v. n. 2,
13.
feel pain, grieve, am afflict fl
dolet, impers., it pain* me, miror, v. dep. 1, admire.
it hurts. antiqu-us, -a, -um, adj., old,
impatienter, adv., impatiently, ancient; antiqu-i, -orum, n.
unsubmissively. m., the ancients, esp. the
benigne, adv., benevolently, ancient writers.
kindly, courteously. desplcio, despicere, despexi,
ludo, lusi, lusum, v. u. 3, play, despectum, v. a. 3, look doivn
am playful, jest. upon, despise.
facete, adv., wittily, humor- lass-us, -a. -um. adj., tired,
ously ; comp. facetius ; , exhausted.
superl. facetissime.
,
effet-us, -a, -um, adj., worn
tamquam, adv., as if. out, exhausted.
singul-i, -ae, -a, distrib. num. natiir-a, -ae, n. f., nature.
adj., one apnece, one each, laudabil-is, -e, adj., praise-
separate. worthy.
absolvo, absolvi, absolutum, pario, parere, peperi, paritum
v. a. 3, complete, finish. and partum, v. a. 3, bring
pro, prep. gov. abl., before, forth, produce.
for, in behalf of, instead of. adeo, adv., so, so much; with
tandem, adv. at. last. ,
conj. to annex a more im-
recipio, recipere, recepi, re- portant thought or to make
VOCABULARY. 6;
a correction, indeed atque incipio, ineipere, mcepi, mcep-

:
adeo. and indeed. tum, v. a. ami n. 3, begin.

Vergili-us, -i, Roman-us, -i, ostendo, ostendi. ostensum and
|
n. m., a writer known only ostentum, v. a. 3, show,

from this passage. exhibit.
comoedi-a. -ae, n. f., a comedy. subtilit-as, -atis. n. f. subtlety, .
exemplar, -aris, n. n., potter», ac>

mod' l. amaritud-o, -inis, n. f. bitter* .
quandoque, adv.. at some time, ness, pungency.

one day. dulced-o. -Inis, n. f., sweetm
quainquam. conj., a/though. agreeabl' arm. .
probit-as, -fitis, n. f., upright- lep-os, -oris, n. m. pleasant- ,
>•, honesty. ness, grace.

mos, moris, n. m., moaner, orno, v. a. 1, embellish, extol,
custom; pi., morals, charac- honour.
ter. virt-us, -utis, n. f., virtue,
eleganti-a. -ae, n. f., refine- merit.
ment, grot . fict-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
admirabil-i?, -e, adj., worthy feigned, fictitious, fed *
of admiration. nom-erj, -inis, u. n., name.

mimiambi, -drum, n. in.. decenter, adv., becomingly.
mimic poems in iambic*, bur- with good taste.
tqut iambics. utor, usus sum, v. dep. 3, use,
tenuiter, adv., with subtlety, >
mploy, enjoy.
with '•task apte, adv., nthj, suitably, ap-
arg-CLte, adv., melodiously. propriately.
venuste, adv., grace/idly. circa, adv., around, round
eloquenter, adv., eloquently. about; prep. gov. ace, aba
eloqu-ens, -eutis. adj., eloquent. in respect to.
Menand-er, -ri, n. m. a cele- nimi-us. -a. -um, adj., ex
,
brated Greek comic poet, too great. .
many of whose plays served modus, -i, n. m., size, due

as models for Plautus and bounds of moder- .
Terence. ation, manner; in modum.

Idem, eadeni, idem, pron., the with gen., in the manner of
tame ; idem ... qui, the same Hi .
excedo, excessi, excessum, v.

Plautin-us, -a. -um, adj., of or a. and n. 3, go oid, go beyond,
belonging to P'" exceed, transgress.
Terentian-u*. -a, -um, adj. mentior. mentitus sum, v. dep.
or belonging to Terence, T 4. .
-
summ-a, -ae. n. f . . the moth

68 ROMAN LIFE.
thing, sum in summa, on

: cas-us, -tis. n. m., falling, fall,
the whole, to conclude. chance, accident, mishap,
extorqueo, extorsi, extortum, death.
v. a. 2, wrest away, take by testament-um, -i, n. n., will.
force. omitto, omisi, omissum, v. a.
edisco, edidici, v. a. 3. learn 3, give up, disregard, pass
by heart. over.
mitto, misi, missum, v. a. 3, dillgo. dilexi, dilectum, v. a. 3,
send. em, lor-
dubito. v. a. 1, doubt. prosSquor. prosecutus and pro-
depono. deposui, depositum, sequutus, v. dep. 3, fallow,
v. a. 3, lay down, lay aside, honour, preterit one with a
semel, adv. num., once. thing,
offens-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
offended, displeased.
14.
utcumque, adv., however, in
Cai-us, -i, Fanni-us, -i, n. m., one way or another, somehow.
a lawyer and historian. tolerabil-is, -e, adj., endurable.
decedo, decessi, decessum, v. imperfect-us, -a, -um, adj.,
n. 3, depart, die. u nrin Uhed, in complete.
nunti-us, -i, n. m., messenger, relinquo, reliqui, relictum, v.
message, news. a. 3, leave, leave behind.
grav-is, -e, adj., heavy, grievous, quamvis, conj., although.
serious, unhealthy. ago, egi, actum, v. a. 3, lead,
dol-or, -oris, n. m., pain, grief, conduct, transact, plead (a
sorrow. cause),
confundo, confudi, confusum, distringo, distrinxi, districtum,
v. a. 3, disturb, trouble. v. a. 3, occupy, engage.
eleg-ans, -antis, adj., (a man) occido, occldi. occisum, v. a. 3,
of taste, elegant. hill, put to death.
disert-us, -a, -um, adj., elo- relego, v. a. 1, send into exile,
quent, fluent. banish.
acut-us, -a, -um, part, adj., Ner-o, -ouis, n. m. Roman
,
sharp, sagacious, shrewd. emperor from 54-68 a.d.

us-us, -us, n. m., use, practice, subtll-is, -e, adj., subtle, ac-
exercise, custom, usage. curate, offlue taste.
exercitat-us, -a, -um, part, adj., dilig-ens, -entis, adj., careful,
practised, trained. diligent, thrifty.
verit-as, -atis, n. f., truth, sin- hiftori-a, -ae, n. f. history.
,
cerity. perflcio, perficere, perfeci, per-

prompt-us, -a, -um, part, adj., fectum, v. a. 3, complete,
ready. finish.
VOCABULARY. 69
frequenter, adv., often; comp., placeo, placui, placitum, v. n.

frequentius superl.,
; fre- 2, am pleasing to, please, am
quentissime. approved ; placet, it pleases,
iectlto, v. a. I, read often, read seems good, is approved, is
Ith eagerness or with atten- decided.
tion. custodio. v. a. 4, guard, main-
autem, conj., but. tain, obst /•'
acerb-us, -a, -urn, adj., harsh confiteor, confessus sum, v.
to the taste, esp. of fruit dep. 2, confess, acknowledge,
unripe, hence premature. grant.
immatur-us, -a, -um, adj., im- permitto, permisi, permissum,
mature, untimely. v. a. 3, allow, permit.
mors, mortis, n. f. death. , alioqui, adv.. otherwise, besides.
immortal-is, -e, adj., undying, praevaricati-o, -onis, n. f., the
imperishable, mating of a sham accusation
dedo, dedidi, dedltum, v. a. 3, or defence, collusion.
give up, devote. transeo, tian.sire, transivi or
vivo, vixi, victum, v. n. 3, live, transii, transitum, v. a. and
am aH n. ,
pass ovi r.
quotidie, adv., daily. cursim, adv., hastily, cursorily.

finio, tinlvi or fiiiii, tinltum, v. breviter, adv., shortly, briefly.
a. 4, end, finish, complete. attingo, attigi, attactum, v. a.
poster-i, -orum, n. m. pi., 3, touch, touch upon.
coming generations, posterity. inculco, v. a. 1, trtad in, drive
repentln-us, -a, -um, adj., home, inculcate.
sudden. inflgo, inrixi, infixum, v. a. 3,
semper, adv., always. fix in, impress.
inchoo. 1, begin : inchoat orati-o, -onis. n. f., speech.
v. a.
-us, -a, -um, only begun, un- Lysi-as, -ae, n. m., a famous
finished, incomplete. Attic orator.
Gracch-us, -\, n. m. the Gracchi ,
15. here referred to are the two

disputati-o, -onis, n. f., dispute, celebrated brothers Tiberius
argument, d ,n. and C. Sempronius.
doct-us, -a, -um, part, adj., Cat-o, -onis, n. m., the cele-
learned. brated censor,
perlt-us, -a, -um, adj., experi- circumcls-us, -a, -um, part.
enced, skilled. adj., brief, concise.
aeque, adv., equally; aeque... brev-is, -e, adj., short.
ac. as much as. Demosthen-es, m., the-is, n.
brevit-a?. -atis, n. f. , brevity, most celebrated of the Attic
conciseness. orators.
70 ROMAN LIFE.
AeschTn-es, -is, n. m., an Attic hibern-us, -a, -urn, adj., of or

orator, the great rival of h longing to wvni
Demosthenes. creb-er. -ra, -rum, adj., thick,
Hyperld-es, -is, n. m., a cele- frt quent, thick-fatting,
brated Attic orator. assidu-us, -a, -um, adj., con-
Polli-o, -onis, n. m., Asinius stant, continual.
Pollio. larg-us, -a, -um, adj. abundant,
,
Caes-ar, -aria, n. m., Cains copious.

Jul his Caesar. postremo, adv., lastly, finally,
M. Tulli-us, -i, n. in., Marcus at last.
Tul'lilts Cicero. divln-us, -a, -um, adj., divine.
oppono, opposui, opposition, v. caelest-is, -e, adj., heavenly.
a. 3, oppose, set against (by volo, velle, volui, wish, wish
way of comparison). for, desire.
statu-a, -ae, n. f. image, , brev-is, -e, adj., short.
statue. iners, inertis, adj., indolent,
sign-urn, -i, n. n., statue, Jijure, sluggish.
image. delici-ae, -arum, n. f. pi.,
pictur-a, -ae, n. f. ,
painting, delight, luxuriousness, vo-
picture. luptuousness.
anim-al, -alis, n. n., animal. respicio, respicere, respexi,
form-a, -ae, n. f. form, shape.
, respectum, v. a. 3, look to,
arb-or, -oris, n. f., tree. regard.
arnplitiid-o, -inis, n. f., size,
bulk, full habit (of body). 16.
conimendo, v. a. 1, recommend, descendo, descendi, descensum,
procure favour for. v. n. 3, descend, go doivn.
evenio, eveni, eventura, v. n. 4, often used of going down
fall out, happen. to the forum or courts from
quin, conj., indeed, verily, esp. the dwelling-houses, which
in reaching a climax or add- at Rome were mostly situ-
ing a stronger assertion or ated on eminences.
proof, quin etiam, quin basilic-a, -ae, n. f., basilica,
immo, nay even. portico, a public building in
volum-en, -inis, n. n. , roll, the forum with double colon-
book, volume. nades, which was used both
pulchritud-o, -inis. n. f. , beauty. as a judicial tribunal and as
magnitud-o, -inis, n. f., an exchange the basilica
;
largeness. Julia, built by Julius Caesar

electi-o, -onis, n. f. , choice, in the third year of his
selection. dictatorship, was the chief
nix, nivis, n. f. , «now. seat of judicial proceedings.
VOCABULARY. 71
Juli-us, -a, -urn, adj.. name of consult-um, -i, n. n., decree,

a Roman gens, Julian. resolution; senatus consul-
comperenclinati-o, -onis. n. f. turn, or in one word senatus-
adjournment of a trial (to consultum, decree of the
the third day or later). sen
iud-ex. -Icis, n. m., judge. contlneo, continui, contentum,
decemvir-i, -um and -oram, n. v. a. 2, contain.
m. a college or commission subsum, subesse, am under,
,
often men, decemvirs. am appended..

obversor, v. dep. 1. take posi- quisquis, quaeque, quodquod,
tion opposite, hover be/ore. and as subst. quicquid and
advocat-us. -i, n. m., coun- quidquid, rel. pron., whot
- or, advoca whatever.
praet-or, -oris. n. m., praetor. iuro, v. a. and n. 1, swear.
dimitto, dimisi, dimissuin, v. prius, adv.. sooner; .
a. 3, din \ss. /> with quam and often in one

centumvir-i. -drum, n. m., word priusquam, before that,
a college or bench of judges before.
chosen annually for civil oh, prep. gov. ace, on account
suits, esp. those relating to of, for.
inheritances, centum virs. advocati-o, -onis, n. f. , I
gaudeo, gavisus sum, v. n. 2, aid.
rejoke. promitto, promisi, promissum,
mor-a, -ae, n. f., delay, stay, v. a. 3, promise.
sojourn. caveo. cavi, cautum, v. a. and
laetor, v. n. 1, rejoice, am glad, n. 2, am on my guard, take
delight in. care, stipulate, guarantee.
dilati-o, -onis, n. f. ,
putting mille. indeed, in sing., pi.
off, adjournment. milia, milium, milibus, num.
Nep-os, m., Xe
-otis, n. a thousand : mille pas-
adj.,
propono, proposui, proposltum, sus or mille passuum, or
v. a. 3, put forth, publish, simply mille, a thousand
before, offer. paces, a (Roman) m
He, about
edict-um, -i, n. n., proclama- 10 IS yards, or 142 yards
tion, edict. less than an English mile.
accusat-or, -oris,n. m., acc> r
veneo. venire, venivi or venii,

prosecutor. venitum, v. n., am sold,
re-us, m., party a<'c>
-i, n. veto, vetui, vetitum, v. a. 1,
defendant. forbid.
exsequor, exsecutus sum, v. dumtaxat, adv., to this extent,
dep. 3, follow out, carry out. so far, only, merely.
senat-us, -us, n. m.. decern, num., ten.
72 ROMAN LIFE.
fact-um, -i, n. n., deed, act. turpiter, adv., shamefully, dis-

commoveo, eommovi, com- honourably; comp., turpius;
motum, v. a. 2, mov . disturb. superl., turpissime.
centumviral-is, -e, adj., of or patior, pati, passus sum, v. dep.
belonging to th< centtanv 3, suffer, alien-, submit to.
praesideo, praesedi, v. a. and talis, -e, adj., such.
n. '2, preside over. ubique, adv., everywhere.
delibero, v. a. 1, deliberate, alterut-er, -ra, -rum, adj., one
consider. of two, one or other, either.
sequor, seciitus sum, v. dep. 3, event-us, -us, n. m., issue,
follow. result.
clvit-as, -atis, n. f., state, city. praevaleo, v. n. 2, prevail, get
carpo, carpsi, carptum, v. a. 3, the upper hand.
a nsure, iniqu-us, -a, -urn, adj., unfair,
curv-us, -a, -urn, adj., curved, unjust.
crooked, wrong; curva cor- prout, adv., according as, just
rigere, to make crooked things as.
straight, set everything right. male, adv., badly.
corrigo, correxi, correctum, v. prospere, adv., favourably,
a. 3, make straight, set right, fortunately.
correct. cedo, cessi, cessum, v. n. 3,
public-us, -a, -urn, adj., pid)lic. go, eventuate, turn out, yield,
contra, adv. on the other hand,
, am inferior to.
on the contrary. reprehendo, reprehendi, repre-
recte, adv., rightly, properly hensum, v. a. 3, blame,
comp. rectius ; superl., rec-
, censure.
tissime. plerumque, adv., for the most
ineo, inire, inlvi and inii, ini- part.
tum, v. a. and n., go into, diligenti-a, -ae, n. f., earnest-
enter, enter upon. ness.
magistrat-us, -us, n. m. , magis- vanit-as, -atis, n. f. emptiness, ,
tracy, oifi.ee, magistrate. deception, vainglory.

cognosce-, coguovi, cognltum. v. libert-as, -atis, n. f., freedom,
a. 3, become acquainted with, frankness.
learn, know, examine a case fur-or, -oris, n. m., frenzy,
in laiv, investigate judicially. madness.
reprimo, repressi, repressum, accipio, accipere, accepi, ac-
v. a. 3, check, restrain. ceptum, v. a. 3, receive, take.
foed-us, -a, -urn, adj., foul,
17.
disgraceful .
pacti-o, -onis, n. f., agreement, memini, meminisse, v. n., re-

bargain. member.
VOCABULARY. 73
lex. legis, n. f., law. date for called

office, so
tabellari-u3, -a, -urn, of or re- because clothed in a glitter
lating to voting-tablets; lex Log white toga,
tabellaria, law regulating circul-us, -i, n. m., circle, group
voting, Ballot Act. knot (of persons),
lat-or, -oris, n. m., mover or indecor-us, -a, -um, adj., v.nbe
proposer of a law. coming, unseemly.
reprehensi-o. -onis, n. f., cen- confusi-o, -onis, n. f ., confusion
sure. disorder.
sine, prep. gov. abl., without. descisco, descivi or descii, des
dissensi-o, -onis, n. f., d citum, v. n. 3, fall off from
ence of opinion, disagreement. degenerate from.
comiti-um, -i, n. n., the place consuetud-o, -iuis, n. f., usage
of assembly; pi., the elections. custom.
tabell-a, -ae, n. f., -a, -um, part. adj.
voting-tablet. disposit-us,
postfJo, v. a. properly arranged, orderly.
1, call for,
demand. moderat-us, -a, -um, part. adj.
manifest-us, -a, -um, adj., kept within bounds, moderate
evident, undisgu is t d. tranquill-us, -a, -um, adj.
apert-us, -a, -um, part, adj., calm.
open. maiest-as, -atis, n. f., dignity.
suffragi-um, -i, n. n., vote. loc-us, -i, n. m. (pi. loci and
voting. loca), place.
licenti-a, -ae, n. f. , liberty, retineo, retinui, retentum, v.
licence. a. 2, retain, preserve, detain.
conti-o, -onis, n. f., meeting, supersum, superesse, superfui,
public assembly. v. n., survive, am still living.
lcquor, locutus sum, v. dep. 3, sen-ex, -is, n. m. , old man.
spend:. cito, v. a. 1, put i/i quick
taceo, tacui, taciturn, v. a. and motion, summon, call out.
n. 2, am '
• '
p silence. test-is, -is, n. com., v;iti<
modesti-a, -ae, n. f., mod laudat-or, -oris, n. no., prai

tion, reserve. panegyrist, bach r.
dignit-as, -atis, n. f., dignity, sub. prep. gov. ace. and all.,
decorum. under.
disson-us, -a, -um, adj., dit quaest-or, -oris, n. m.. quaestor,
dan*. a Roman magistrate or officer,
procurro, procucurri and pro- addo, addidi, additum, v. a. 3,
curri, procursum. v. n. 3, add.
run forth, rush forward, (of suffragat-or, -oris, n. m., one
(land) jut out, project. who votes for another, sup-
candidat-us, -i, n. m. , candi- porter, favourer.
74 ROMAS LIFE.
prex, (nom. and gen. quot-us, -a, -um, adj., which

precis
sing, not in use, dat. and or what in number; quotus
ace. sing, only ante-classical quisque (also as one word
most frequent in pi.), n. f., quotusquisque), to designate
prayer, entreaty. a small number, how few.
nonnumquam, adv., sometimes. secreto, adv., in private.
competit-or, -oris, n. m., rival, palam. adv., openly, publicly.
competitor. fam-a, -ae, n. f., common talk,
arguo, argui, argiitum, v. a. 3, public opinion, report.
censure, take exception to. conscienti-a, -ae, n. f., con-
gravit-as, -atis, n. f. dignity.
, science.
censori-us, -a, -um, adj., of or nimis, adv., too much, too.
pertaining to the censor, cito, adv., quickly, soon.
worthy of a censor. reciperatori-us, -a, -um, adj.,
digu-us, -a, -um, adj., worthy, of or belonging to the reciper-
deserving, worthy of. atores, a board consisting of
gratios-us, -a, -um, adj., en- three or five members for
joying favour or interest, summary trial, esp. in cases
popular. concerning property. They
immodic-us, -a, -um, adj., im- were nominated on the spot
moderate, extravagant. by the praetor to try special
fav-or, -oris, n. m., favour, cases.
partiality. repente, adv., suddenly.
corrumpo, corrupi, corruptum, apprehendo, apprehendi, ap-
v. a. 3, corrupt. prehensum, v. a. 3, seize.
tacit-us, -a, -um, part, adj., sincer-us, -a, -um, adj., pure,
silent, secret. sincere, uncorrupted, honest.
remed.i-um, -i, d. n., remedy.
decurro, decucurri and decurri, 18.
decursum, v. n. 3, ran down, exsisto, exstiti, exstitum, v. n.
betake oneself to, have recourse 3, spring, arise.
to. iocular-is, -e, adj., facetious;
vereor, verltus sum, v. dep. 2, ioculari-a, -um, n. n. pi.,
fear, respect, stand in aire jests, jokes.
of- excandesco, excandui. v. n. 3,

procedo, processi, processum, burn with anger, flame up,
v. n. 3, go on, advance, go am furious.
forth, come forth. irascor, iratus sum, v. n. 3,
impudenti-a, -ae, n. f., shame- am angry ; irat-us, -a, -um,
lessn ess, ejfron te ry. part, adj., angry, enraged.
irrepo, irrepsi, irreptum, v. n. princ-eps, -ipis, n. m., first
3, creep in, steal into. man, the emperor.
VOCABULARY. 75
comprecor. v. dep. 1, supplicate, province under the name of

appeal to. Achaia.
lateo, latui, v. n. 2, lie hid, lie mer-us, -a, -um, adj., pure,
conceal'.' I. genuine, true.
fortasse. adv., perha Graeci-a, -ae, n. f., Greece.
-.
indignor, v. dep. 1, am angry, frux, frugis, and more fre-

express anger. quently in pi. frug-es, -um,
seri-us, -a, -um, adj., grave, n. f. , fruits of the earth:
serious. the dat. frugi is used as an
scurrillter. adv.. like a buffoon. indecl. adj., frugal, plain.
dic-ax, -acis, adj., witty. condit-or, -oris, n. m., founder.
urban-us, -a. -um, adj., of or de-us, -i, n. m. (pi. di and dei),
belonging to the city, fond of god.
the city, humorous, facetious. senect-us, -utis, n. f. old age. ,
bell-us, -a. -um, adj., pleasant, venerabil-is, -e, adj., worthy

smart. of respect, venerable.
prav-us, -a, -um, adj., crooked. sac-er, -ra, -rum, adj., sacred.
vicious, HI -disposed. hon-or, -oris, n. m., honour.
fiduci-a, -ae, n. f., confidence, antiquit-as, -atis, n. f., anti-
assurance, quity.
scio, sclvi, scitum, v. a. 4, iactati-o, -onis, n. f., bragging,
know. vanity.
poseo, poposci, v. a. 3, ask for. decerpo, decerpsi, decerptum,
demitto, demisi, demissum, v. a. 3, pluck off, snatch away,
v. a. 3, let down, bend down. rife.
cap-ut, -Itis. n. n., head. ocul-us, -i, n. m., eye.
ludibri-um, -i, n. n., mockery, terr-a, -ae, n. f., land.
jest. vinco, vici, victum, v. a. 3,
scaen-a, -ae, n. f. , stage, boards con q uer.
(of theatre), peto, petlvi or petii, petltum,
pulpit-um, -i, n. n., platform, v. a. 3, seek, make for, direct
stage. one's course to, requ- -'.
quo. adv., whither. Athen-ae, -arum, n. f. pi.,

conquiro, couquislvi, conquis- Athens.
itum, v. a. 3, -<"kfor. Lacedaem-on, -Snis, n. f.
fort-is -e, adj., strong, v:<JJ', Sparta.

brave, bold. rego, rexi. rectum, v. a. 3,
•
. control, comma
19. umbr-a, -ae, n. f. , sh
provinci-a, -ae, n. f. ,
prorince. residu-us, -a, -um, adj., re-
Achai-a, -ae, n. f., Greece maiming.
proper became a Roman dur-us, -a, -um, adj., hard.
76 ROMAN LIFE.
fer-us, -a, -um, adj., rude, Arri-a, -ae, n. f. , the wife of

crud. Caecina Paetus.
barbar-us, -a, -um, adj., rude, marlt-us, -i, u. m., husband.
i Parous, savage. solaci-um, -i, n. n., comfort,
medic-us, -i, n. m., doctor, phy- solace.
sician, surgeon. avi-a, -ae, n. f. grand-moth ,
advers-us, -a, -um, adj., op- obscur-us, -a, -um, adj., ob-
posed to, unfavourable; ad- scure, unknown.
versa valetudo, bad health, existimo, v. a. 1 think, consider. ,
sickness. mirabll-is, -e, adj., wonderful.

serv-us, -i, n. m. slave.
, aegroto, v. n. 1, am sick, am ill.
llb-er, -era, -erum, adj., /re?. Caecin-a, -ae, Paet-us, -i, n. m.,
differo, differre, distuli, dila- Caenna Paetus was put to
tum, v. a., carry different death by the emperor Clau-
ways, disperse, delay; v. n. dius in 42 a.d.
diner, am different. mortifere, adv., to the death,
molliter, adv., gently, tenderly mortally.
comp. mollius ; superl. mol- eximi-us, -a, -um, adj., choice,
, ,
Jissime. remarkable.
clementer, adv., mildly, con- verecundi-a, -ae, n. f. modesty. ,
siderately. fun-us, -eris, n. n., funeral.

tracto, v. a.1, handle, treat. igndro, v. a. 1, do not know,
recorder, v. dep. 1, remember, am ignorant of
bear in mind. quoties, adv., as often as.
deslno, desii, desitum, v. a. cubicul-um, -i, n. n. bed- ,
and n. 3, leave off, cease. chamber, also simply a

absum, abesse, abfui, v. n., chamber, saloon.
am absent. commod-us, -a, -um, adj., fit,
suitable; comp., cornniodior,
20. (of an invalid) better.
dict-um, -i, n. n., word, saying. simiilo, v. a. 1, pretend.
femin-a, -ae, n. f., woman. persaepe. adv., very often.
confirmo, v. a. 1, confirm, interrogo, v. a. 1, ask.
strengthen. quiesco, quievi, quietum, v. n.
opini-o, -onis, n. f. , opinion. keep quiet, sleep.
3, rest,
bestern-us, -a, -um, adj., or libenter, adv., with pleasure;
yesterday, yesterday's. comp. libentius ; superl.
,
Fanni-a, -ae, n. f. the daughter

, libentissime.
of Paetus Thrasea and the cohibeo, v. a. 2, restrain.
wife of Helvidius Priscus. lacrim-a, -ae, n. f. tear. ,
nept-is, -is, n. f. grand- prorumpo, prorupi. proruptum,

,
daughter. v. n. 3, burst forth.

VOCABULARY. 77
egredior, egrSdi, egressus sum, aure-us. -a, -um, adj., golden,

v. n. 3, go out, disembark. splendid.
land. Verania Pisonis, Verania the
satio, v. a. 1, satisfy, glut. wife of Piio, uxor being
sicc-us. -a, -urn, adj.. dry. understood.
vult-us. -us, n. m., face. Galb-a, -ae, n. m. , Roman em-
fea peror from 68-69 a.d.
orbit-as, -atis, n.f., bereavement. adopto, v. a. 1, adopt.
foris. adv. on? ofdoors, without. Regul-us, -i, n. m., a well-
,
praeclar-us, -a, -um, adj., known informer under Xero

glorious, noble. and Domitian.
ferr-um, -i, n. n., iron, sword. tor-us, -i, n. m., couch, bed.
stringo. strinxi, strictum, v. a. moveo, muvi, mdtum, v. a. 2,
3, draw. move.
perfodio, perfodere, perfodi, labr-um, -i, n. n., lip.
perfossum, v. a. 3, pierce. agito, v. a. 1, pjvt in motion,
pect-us, -oris, n. n., breast, shake, move.
bosom. digit-us, -i, n. to.., finger.
extraho, extraxi, extractum, compiito. v. a. 1, calculate.
v. a. 3, draw ovt. mis-er, -era, -erum, adj., mist r-
pugi-o, -onis, n. m., dagger. able, wretched, poor.
porrigo, porrexi, porrectum, exspectati-o, -onis, n. f., ex-
v. a. 3, reach out, present. pert at ion.
vox. vocis, n. f., voice, word, suspendo, suspendi,suspensum,
say in 'j. v. a. 3, keep in suspense,
paene, adv., almost. climacteric-us, -a, -um, adj.,
aeternit-as. -atis, n. f., eternity, of or pertaining to a dan-
mortality. gerous epoch in lift ; climac-
abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditum, tericum tempus habere, to be
v. a. 3. hide, conceal. in a critical period.
operio. operni, opertum, v. a. evado, evasi. evasum, v. a.
4, cover, veil, (Us» n and n. 3, escape.
luct-us, -us, n. m. grief. credulus, -a, -um, adj., •
amitto. amisi, amissum, v. a. duloUS.

3. lose. codicill-i, -orum, n. m. pi.,
mat-er, -ris, n. f.. mother. tablets, writing-tablets, a note.
adhuc, adv., yet, still. legat-um, -i, n. n., bequest,
legacy.
21. mox, adv., soon, soon after.
m., an as, a copper ingravesco,
as, assis, n. v. n. 3, grow
coin worth a little more worse,
than a halfpenny. clamo, v. a. 1, call, cry out.
78 ROMAN LIFE.
morior, mori, mortuus sum, person-a, -ae, n f. , character,

v. n. 3, die. part, rdle.
nequam, indecl. adj., ivorthless, quousque, adv., till when? how
vile; comp.,nequior; superl., long ?
nequissimus. crucio, v. a. 1, torture.
perfid-us, -a, -um, adj., faith- quid, n. of quis, why ?
less, tantul-us, -a, -um, adj., so
periur-us, -a, -um, adj., per- little; tantul-um, -i, n. n.
jured. so little, ever so little.
per, prep, with ace, through,
in oaths by. 22.
peiero, v. n. 1, swear falsely, aliquot, indef. indecl. num.,
perjure one's self. some, several.
scelerate, adv., impiously, insign-is, -e, adj., distinguished,
wickedly. remarkable.
Vellei-us, Blaes-us, -i, n. memorabil-is, -e, adj., worthy
-i,
m., the Blaesi were a dis- to be mentioned, memorable.

tinguished family. popul-us, -i, n. m. people. ,
locupl-es, -etis, adj., rich. spectacul-um, -i, n. n., public

consular-is, -e, adj., of or per- show, spectacle.
tain ing to a consul, consular ; exnibeo, exhibui, exhibitum,
consular-is, -is, n. m. one who , v. a. 2, present, display.
has been consul, ex-consul, Vergini-us, -i, Ruf-us, -i, n. m.,
man of consular rank. a distinguished general, who
conflicto, v. a. 1, strike down. three times refused the im-
muto. v. a. 1, change. perial dignity.
spero, v. a. 1, hope, hope for. civ-is, -is, n. m., citizen.
tabula, -ae, n. f., xoriting- carm-en, -inis, n. n., poem.
t ablet, will, accounts. posterit-as, -atis, n. f., suc-
cap to, v. a. seek to catch,
1, ceeding generations, posterity.
lie in wait for, pay court to perfungor, perfunctus sum, v.
(as a legacy-hunter). dep. 3, fulfil, discharge.
hortor, v. a. 1, incite, urge. terti-us, -a, -um, adj., third.
spirit-us, -us, n. m., breath, consulat-us, -us, n. m. consul- ,
breeze, breathing, breath of ship.

life, life. fastigl-um, -i, n. n., summit,
prorogo, v. a. 1, prolong, con- eminence, dignity.
tinue, preserve. privat-us, -a, -um, adj., of or
postquam, conj., after that, belonging to an individual,
when. private; privat-us, -i, n. m.,
signo, v. a. 1, seal, execute (a a man in private life, a priv-
will). ate person.
VOCABULARY. 79
iinpleo, implevi, impletum, v. tum, v. n., «70 away, pass

a. 2. nil. away, die.
octogesim-us, -a, -um, adj., desiderc, v. a. 1, long for,
eightieth. miss, regret.
tranquillit-as, -atis, n. f., aev-um, -i, n. n., age, gener-
qn repose, tranquillity.
. ation.
flrm-us, -a. -um, adj., firm, praecipue, adv., chiefly.
strong, robust. admiror. v. dep. 1, admire.
tremo, tremui, v. n. 3, tremble, necesse, n. adj., necessary.
*hake. defleo, deflevi, defletum, v. a.
adit-us, -us, n. m., approach. 2, lament.
praeparo, v. a. 1, make ready fas, indecl. n., right, lawful.
beforehand, prepaid, prod fleo, flevi, fletum, v. a. and n.
forte, adv., by chance, as it 2, weep, weep for.
happened. voco, v. a. 1, call.
grand-is, -e, adj., large. mortalit-as, -atis, n. f. , mor-
sto, steti, statum, v. n. 1, tality.
stmid. late, adv., widely ; comp.
pond-us, -eris, n. n., iceight. latius ; superl.. latissime.
elabor, elapsus sum, v. n. 3, versor, v. n. 1, move about in
slip from, escape, slip from a place, live.
one's hands. contemplati-o, -onis, n. f.,
dum, conj., while, ichilst. contemplation, consideration.

colligo, collegi, collectum, v. defigo, defixi, defixum, v. a. 3,
a. 3, gather together, gather fix.
up, pick up, conclude, infer. van-us, -a, -um, adj., empty,
lev-is, -e, adj., smooth. rain.
lubric-us, -a, -um, &&].,<!. ippery. imag-o, -mis, n. f., image, sem-
paviment-um, -i, n. n., pare- blance, fancy.
nt. adloquor, adlociitus sum, v.
vestigi-um, -i, n. n., footstep, dep. 3, speak to, address.
track.
cado, cecidi, casum, v. n. 3, fall.
23.
coxa, -ae, n. f., hip-bone. invicem. adv., in turn.
frango. fregi, fractum, v. a. 3, incredibil-is, -e, adj., inert dible.
break. desideri-um, -i, n. n., longing
parum, adv., too little ; parum for, yearning for.
apte, badly, unskilfully sarcindl-a, -ae, n. f., baggage.
parum commode, ineptly. alligo, v. a. 1, bind, pack up.
colloco, v. a. 1, place together, festino, v. n. 1, hasten.
set (a broken limb), rati-o, -onis, n. f., plan,
abeo, abire, ablvi or abii, abi- account.
80 ROMAN LIFE.
Tusc-i, -orum, n. m., the time; comp. lougius , ; Buperl.,

Tuscans, Etrurians, hence longissime.
Tuscan territory, Tuscan irreligios-us, -a, -um, adj.,
estate. impious.
ag-er, -ri, n. m., field, territory, ibi. adv., there.
estate. epul-um, -i, n. n., in pi. epul-
familiar-is, -e, adj., of or be- ae, -arum, banquet, feast.
longing to a household; res constituo, constitui, coustitu-
familiaris, household, pro- tum, v. a. 3, fix, arrange,
perty. (h iermme.
subicio, subicere, subieci, sub- subsisto, substiti, v. n. 3, stay,
iectum. v. a. 3, place under remain in a place, stop.
oculis subicere, inspect. vi-a, -ae, n. f., v'ay, path,
postpono, postposui, postposi- journey.
tum, v. a. 3, put after, contango, contigi, contactum,
postpone. v. a. and n. 3, touch, (of
necessari-ns, -a, -ran, adj., occurrences) happen to one,
un<< voidable, neeessa ry. befall, turn out.
oppid-um, -i, n. n., town. fili-a, -ae, n. f., daughter.
praedi-um, -i, -n. n., farm, hilar-is, -e, adj., cheerful, i?i
manor, estate. good spirits.
vicln-us, -a, -um, adj., near, incolum-is, -e. adj., safe, sound.
neighbouring.
Tifern-um, -i, Tiberin-um, -i,
24.
n. n., Tifernvm-on- Tiber in
Umbria, now Citta di Cas- adv.,/rom on high, deeply,
alte,
tello. from afar, far out (to sea) :
patron-us, -i, n. m., patron, comp., altius superb, altis-

:
protector. sime altius repetere, trace

:
coopto. v. a. 1, choose, elect. back too Jar, inquire too

advent -us, -us, n. m., coming, curiously.
arrival, visit. ceno, v. n. 1, dine.
profecti-o, -onis, n. f. , -setting laut-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
out, departure. elegant, splendid, luxurious.
am-or, -oris, n. m., affection, sordid-us, -a, -um, adj., dirty,
love. dingy, shabby, mean.
templ-um, -i, n. n., temple. sumptu5s-us, -a, -um, adj.,
exstruo, exstruxi, exstructuin, extravagant, expensive.
v. a. 3, build. opim-us, -a, -um, adj.,/a£, rich,
dedicati-o, -onis, n. f., dedi- sumptuous.

cation, consecration. vil-is, -e. adj., cheap, poor,
longe, adv., long, for a long common.
VOCABULARY. 81
minut-us, -a, -nm, part, adj., societ-as, -atis, n. f. associ- ,
small, scrappy. ation, union.

pono, posui, positum, v. a. 3,
place, rve up (at table).
.
25.
deserlbo, descripsi. descriptum. heus. interjection, ho! hark!
v. a. 3. mark off. holloa '.
libert-us, -i, n. m.,fr-ed/nan. cen a, -ae, n. f., dim

aiiiniadverto, auiraadverti, an- lactiic-a, -ae, n. f., lettuce.
imadversum, v. a. 3, turn cocnle-a, -ae, n. f. snail.
,
attention to, observe, remark. tern-i, -ae, -a, distrib. num.

convict-or, -oris, n. m., mess- adj., three each.
mate , guest. ov-um, -i, n. n., egg.
consto, constiti, constatum, bin-i. -ae. -a, distrib. num. adj.,
v. ii. 1, stand together : con- each.
stat, it i* certain, well known alic-a, -ae, n. f. , a kind of
as mercantile technical term, porridge made of grains of
uvl at, cost, magno con- spelt, spelt-gr
stare, to cost much, cost a nmls-um, -i, n. n., honey- wine,
deal : ratio constat, mead.
the account agrees, baton oliv-a, -ae, n. f. , an olive.
orrect. cucurbit-a, -ae, n. f., gourd. \
minime, adv., comoed-us, -i, n. m., comedian,

least of all,
little ; in replies, as an em- comic actor.
phatic negative, by no means, lect-or, -oris, n. m., reader.
not at all. lyrist-es, m.. lute-player.
-at-, n.
qui. adv., ho- liberalit-as, -atis, n. f. gene- ,
scilicet, adv., of course, evi- rosity, liberality.

tiy. ostre-um, -i, n. n., oyster.
bibo, bibi, v. a. 3, drink. vulv-a, -ae, n. sow's paunch
f. ,
gul-a, -ae, n. f., throat, palate, (a favourite dish),

appetii ecnin-us, -i, n. m., sea-urchiji.
tempero. v. a. andn. 1, regulate, malo, malle, malui, v. a. .prefer.
goc> n 'in. poen-a, -ae, n. f. penalty; ,
oneros-us, -a, -um, adj., bur- darepoenas. topayapenalty,

me, to b" punished.
communico, v. a. 1, share. apparate, adv.. sumptuously;
igitur, conj., therefo comp. , apparatius.
vito. v. a. 1, avoid. nusquam. adv., nowhere.
luxuri-a, -ae, n. f., luxury. nilare, adv., cheerfully, merrily;
sord-es, -is, n. f., dirt : most eornp. hilarius.
,
frequent in pi. and in a incaute, adv., incautiously, at

figurative sense, meanness. ease; comp., incautius.
82 ROMAN LIFE.
26. 6s, oris, n. n., mouth, face.

atr-ox, -ocis, adj., dreadful, verbero, v. a. 1, beat, strike.
atrocious. contundo, contudi, contusum,
epistul-a, -ae, n. f., letter, v. a. 3, beat, bruise.
epistle, exanim-is, -e, adj., lifeless,
Largi-us, Maced-o, -onis, n.
-i, <h nil.
del, mentioned here only. ablcio, abicere, abieci, ab-
praetori-us, -i, n. m. one who , iectum, v. a. 3, throw down.
has been praetor, an ex-prae- ferv-ens, -entis, part, adj., hot.
tor, one of praetorian rank. sentio, sensi, seusum, v. a. 4,
superb-us, -a, -urn, adj., proud, feel ^
1
haughty. immobil-is, -e, adj., immoral '.
domin-us, -i, n. m., master. mtmoved.

saev-us, -a, -um, adj., cruel. extent-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
servio. servivi and extended, stretched out.
servii, ser-
vltum, v. n. 4, serve, am a fid-es, -ei, n. f., faith, con-
slave. fidence, belief.
'nimium, adv., too much. turn, adv., then.
lavo, lavi, lautuin, lavatum aest-us, -us, n. m., heat. tide.
and lotum prose effero, efferre, extuli, elatum,
(in classical
lavatum, perf.
perf. lavi, sup. v. a. carry out, lift up, raise.
,
part, lautus, the other forms fldel-is, -e, a.d]., faithful, trusty.
of the 1st conjugation), v. a. muli-er, -eris, n. f., woman.
and n. 1. and 3, wash, bathe; ululat-us, -us, n. m., wailing,
in middle voice, wash oneself, shrieking.
bathe ; lotus, after bathing, concurro, concurri, concursum,
having bathed. v. n. 3, run together.
vill-a, -ae, n. f., country-seat, recreo, v. a. 1, revive, restore.
villa. tollo, sustuli, sublatum, v. a.
Formian-us, -a, -iim, adj., 3, raise.
Formian, of or belonging to tut-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
Formiae, an ancient city of safe.
Latium on the borders of diffugio, diffug£re, diffugi, v.
Campania, now Mola di n. 3, take to fight, flee.
Gaeta. comprehendo, comprehendi,
circumsisto, circumsteti, v. a. comprehensum, v. a. 3, seize.
3, surround. ulti-o, -onis, n. f., vengeance,
fauc-es, -ium (sing, hardly ever revenge.
used except abl. fauce), n. vlv-us, -a, -um, adj., alive,
f. throat.
, living.
invado, invasi, invasuin, v. a. vindico, v. a. 1, avenge.
3, attach. quot, indecl. adj., how many.
VOCABULARY. 83
contumeli-a, -ae, n. f., insult, altern-us, -a, -um, adj. by turns: ,
affront. for vice alterna, see vicis. lO.

obnoxi-us, -a, -um, adj., Habit, impello, iinpuli, impulsum, v.
tosed. a. 3. urgt on.
secur-us, -a, -um, adj., con- infero, iuferre. intitli, illatum.
fident, - v. a., carry into, bear into.
remiss-us. -a, -um, adj., mild, navigo. v. n. 1, sail.
indulgent, -going. • nato. v. n. 1, swim.
mit-is, -e, adj., mtld, gentle. lus-us, -us. u. m. play, sport. ,
scel-us, -eris, n. n., crime, vict-or, -oris, n. m., conqueror,

unekedfu victor.
perimo, peremi, peremptum, lit-us, -oris, n. n., shore.
v. a. 3, destroy, slay. certam-eD, -inis, n. n. contest. ,
aud-ens, -entis, part, adj., bold,

daring.
27.
ulteri-or, -oris, adj. comp.
incido, incidi, incasum, v. n. (positive not in use), farf:
3. fall in with, light upon, that is beyond; ulterior-a,
fall upon. -um, n. n. (supply loca or
fingo, tinxi, fictum, v. a. 3, negotia), more remote part*,
devise, invent, feign. farther; superl., ultim-us,
Afric-a, -ae, n, f. Africa. , -a. -van, forth --.
Hipponens-is. -e, adj., of or tendo. tetendi, tentum and

belonging to Hippo, a city tensum, v. a. and n. 3,
in Africa. stretch, extend, go, bend one's
coloni-a, -ae, n. f., colony. course.
mare, maris, n. n., s delphin-us, -i, n. m., dolphin.
adiaceo, adiacui, v. n. 2, lie occurro, occurri, occursum. v.
a r. n. 3, meet, fall in with.
navigabil-is, -e, adj., navig- praecedo, praecessi, praeces-
able. sum, v. a. and n. 3, go
stagn-um, -i, n. n., swamp, before, precede.
lagoon. circumeo or circueo. v. n. and
flum-en. -inis, n. n., river. a., go round. •
noim
aestuari-um, -i, n. n., a part rov
of the coast which during subeo. subire, subii. subitum,
the flood-tide is overflowed, v. a. and n., go under, fake
but at the ebb-tide is left on one's back, come o
covered with mud or slime, upon, enter, occur to the
creel-,lagoon. mi
emergo, emersi, emersum, v. trepido, v. n. 1, am alarmed,
n. 3. come forth, flow out. trembl .
84 ROMAN LIFE.
perfero, perferre, pertuli, per- 28.

latum, v. a., bear or carry donee, conj., until.
through. innutrit-us, -a, -um, perf. part.
alt-um, -i, n. n., the deep, the (of innutrio), brought up in
sea, a height ; in altum, to or by.
sea, seaward, on high. timeo, timui, v. a. 2, fear.
flecto, flexi, flexum, v. a. and accedo, accessi, accessum, v. n.
n. 3, bend, turn. 3, approach, am added.
aequal-is, -e, adj., equal, of the adliido, adlusi, adlusum, v. a.
same age; as subst. a con- and n. 3, sport with.
,
temporary, comrade, com- appello, v. a. 1, address, accost.

panion. tango, tetigi, taetum, v. a. 3,
serpo, serpsi, serptum, v. n. 3, touch.
creep, spread. pertrecto, v. a. 1, handle.
miracul-um, -i, n. n. , a wonder, cresco, crevi, cretum, v. n. 3,
a prodigy. increase.
aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, as- audaci-a, -ae, n. f. , boldness.
pectum, v. a. 3, look at, experiment-um, -i, n. n., proof,
see. trial.
poster-us, -a, -um, adj. (not in adnato, v. n. 1, swim to, swim
use in nom. sing, m.), fol- beside.
lowing, next; in posterum insilio, insilui, v. n. 4, leap
(supply tempus), for the upon.
future. terg-um, -i, n. n., back.
obsideo, obsedi, obsessum, v. a. agnosco, agnovi, agnltum, v. a.
2, beset, occupy, throng. 3, recognise.
prospecto, v. a. 1, look forth neut-er, -ra, -rum, adj., neither.
on, gaze on. mansuetud-o, -inis, n. f., tame-
caute, adv., cautiously ; comp., ness, gentleness.
cautius. augeo, auxi, auctum, v. a. 2,
rursus, adv., again. increase.
invito, v. a. 1, invite. necnon, particle of emphatic
revcco, v. a. 1, recall. affirmation, likewise, also.
exilio, exilui, v. n. 4, spiring dextr-a, -ae, n. f. right hand. ,
out, leap out of the ivater. laev-a, -ae, n. f. left hand. ,
mergo, mersi, mersum, v. a. 3, moneo, v. a. 2, advise, ivarn.

dip, immerse, plunge. spectat-or, -oris, n. m., looker-
orb-is, -is, n. m., circle. on.
implico, v. a. 1, entwine. com-es, -itis, n. com., com-
expedio, expedivi or expedii, panion.
expeditum, v. a. 4, disen- reduco, reduxi, reductum, v.
tangle, untwine. a. 3, lead back, conduct back.
VOCABULARY. 85
confluo, confluxi, v. n. 3, flow inlitterat-us, -a, -um, adj.,

or run together, flock togetht r. illiterate, unlearned, un-
modic-us, -a, -um, adj. moder-
, lit erary.
ate, small. consolor, v. dep. 1, console,

res publica, also as one word, comfort.
respublica, rei publicae, n. adfirmo, v. a. 1, assert, main-
f. state, republic.
, tain.
attero, attrlvi, attritum, v. a. philosophi-a, -ae, n. f., phil-
3, wear out, exhaust. osophy.
secret-um, -i, n. n., retirement, iudico, v. a. I, judge.
solitude. promo, prompsi, promptum, v.
occulte, adv. secretly.
, a. 3, put forth, set forth.
interilcio, interficere, interfeci, iustiti-a, -ae, n. f., justice.
interfectum, v. a. 3, kill, put persuadeo, persuasi,persuasum,
to death. v. a. 2, persuade.
miserati-o, -onis, n. f. ,
pity, satis, adv., enough; comp.
compassion. satius, better.
attollo, no
perf. or sup., v. a.
3, raise up, exalt, extol.
30.
adfingo, adfinxi, adfictum, v. aest-as, -atis, n. f., summer.
a. 3, invent as an addition, dispono, disposui, dispositum,
add. v. a. 3, dispose, arrange,
adstruo, adstruxi, adstructum, portion out.
v. a. 3, add to. evigllo, v. n. 1, aicake.
minuo, minui, minutum, v. a. libet, libuit and libitum est,
3, diminish, lessen. v. impers. 2, it pleases, is
pleasing.
29. tarde, adv., late; comp.,
distringo, distrinxi, districtum, tardius superb, tardissime.
;
v. a. 3, occupy, engage. raro. adv., seldom, rarely.

molest-us, -a, -urn, adj., trouble- claudo, clausi, clausum, v. a.
some, irksome. 3, shut, close, stop.
tribiin-al, -alia, n. n., judgment- fenestr-a, -ae. n. f. window. ,
at, tribunal, bench. maneo, mansi, mansum, ^. n.

subnoto, v. a. 1, mark or write 2, remain, reside, last, en-
underneath, subscribe, counter dure.
sign. mire, adv., wonderfully,
-i, n. m., little book,
libell-us, strangely.
memorial, petition. tenebr-ae, -arum, n. f. pi.,
conficio, confeci,
conficere, dartn
confectum, v. a. 3, complete, avoco. v. a. 1, call off or av:ay,
make out. distract.
G
86 ROMAN LIFE.
abduco, abduxi, abductum, v. pose, lay up, (of time) spend,

a. 3, lead away, remove, living to a close.
withdraw. somn-us, -i, n. m., sleep.
admitto, admisi, admissum, v. lecti-o, -onis, n. f., reading.
a. 3, admit, let in. vel-ox, -ocis, adj., quick, swift,
formo, v. a. 1, shape, form, rapid; comp., velocior.
compose. equ-us, -i, n. in., horse.
dicto, v. a. 1, dictate. gesto, v. a. 1, bear, carry.
quart-us, -a, -urn, num. adj., intervenio, interveni, inter-
fourth, ventum, v. n. 4, come in
quint-us, -a, -am, num. adj., during, drop in.
fifth. opportun-us, -a, -um, adj.,
cert-us, -a, -urn, adj., settled, convenient, seasonable.
fixed, determined, certain. interpellati-o, -onis, n. f.,
dimens-us, -a, -urn, part. adj. interruption.
(of dimetior), measured out. subvenio, subveni, subventum,
suadeo, suasi, suasum, v. a. 2, v. n. 4, come to one's aid,
advise, suggest. relieve.
xyst-us, -i, n. m., or -um, -i, n. aliquando, adv., sometimes t at
n., an open colonnade, ter- any time, ever.
race-walk.
cryptoportic-us, -us, n. f.,
31.
covered portico, cloister. hodie, adv., to-day.
venlciil-um, -i, n. n., carriage. tog-a, -ae, n. f., toga, goion.
ascendo, ascendi, ascensum, v. viril-is, -e, adj., of or belonging
a. 3, ascend, mount, get into, to a man, manly.
go on board. sponsali-a, -um, n. n. pi.,
paulum, adv., a little, for a betrothal.
little. nupti-ae, -arum, n. f. pi.,
redormio, v. n. 4, sleep again. marriage.
-ve, enclitic particle, or. seputa, v. a. 1, reflect.
intente, adv., attentively, with recedo, secessi, secessum, v. n.
earnestness. 3, ivithdraw, retire, retire
iterum, adv., again, a second into private life ; of inani-
time. mate subjects, in the perf.,
ungo or unguo, unxi, unctum, is distant.
v. a. 3, anoint. recordati-o, -onis, n. f., re-
ux-or, -oris, n. f., wife. collection.
numer-us, -i, n. m., number. frigid-us, -a, -um. adj., cold,
t
vesper-a, -ae, n. f., evening. dreary, dull ; frigida (supply

condo, condidi, conditum, v. a. aqua), n. f., cold water, cold
3, put together, form, com- bath.
VOCABULARY. 87
i absumo, absnmpsi.absumpturn, erudite, adv. learnedly ; comp..

v. a. consume, too
3, eruditius ; superl., eruditis-
Laurentln-us, -a, -um, adj., sinie.
Laurentine, of or belonging
to Laurentum, a maritime 32.
town in Latium, between tanto opere, or as one word
Ostia and Lavinium, now tantopere, adv., so greatly.
Torre Paterno Laurentin- opportunit-as, -atis, n. i.,nti
;
um, -i (supply praedium), convenience ; loci opportun-

n. n., Plinys Laurentine itas, local advantages, ad-
estate. vantages of the situation.
fultur-a, -ae, n. f. , support. spati-um, -i, n. n., space,
sustlneo, sustinui, sustentum, extent.
v. a. 2, uphold, sustain. septem, num. adj., seven.
paenitet, paenituit, v. impers. pass-us, -us, n. m., pace, about
2, it repents one, one repents, five (Roman, which are some-
is sorry, it displease* one, what shorter than English)
one is displeased, is vexed. feet.
sinist-er, -ra,-rum, adj., left, salv-us, -a, -um, adj., saved,
on the left, unlucky, tin- safe.
favourable. Ostiens-is, -e,of or be- adj.,
spes, spei, n. f., hope. longing to a seaport
Ostia,
tim-or, -oris, n. m.,fear. town in Latium, at the
0, interjection, usually with mouth of the Tiber.
voc. or ace, ! Oh! eodem, adv., to the same
rect-us, -a, -um, part, adj., place.
straight, up/right. nine, adv., hence, from this
strepit-us, -us, n. m., noise, cause; nine atque inde, on
din. this side and on that, on each
discurs-us, -us, n. m., running side.
toand fro, bust coarto. v. a. 1, press together,
multum, adv., much, very. confine.
inept-us, -a, -um, adj., sense- lat-us, -a, -um, adj., broad,
lly. le.
occasi-o, -onis, n. f., oppor- prat-um, -i, n. n., meadow.

tunity. diffundo, diffudi, diffusum, v.
trado, tradldi, traditum, v. a. a. 3, pour out, ad, spread
3, give up, hand over, hand out.
down ; se tradere, devote patesco, patui, v. n. 3, open,
onself to anything. stretch o
Atili-us, -i, n. m., a friend of gTex, gregis, n. m., flock.
Pliny's. ovis, ovis, n. f. , sheep.
88 KOMAX LIFE.
bos, bovis, n. com., ox, hull, diaet-a, -ae, n. 1., dwelling'

coir. room.
arinent-um, -i, n. n., herd. Saturnal-ia,-iorum, -ibus, n.
depello, depuli, depulsum, v. the
n. pi. Saturnalia,
, a fes-
a. 3, drive away, drive down. tival in honour of Saturn,
herb-a, -ae, n. f. , grass, herbage, beginning on tbe 17th of
herb. December and lasting several
tep-or, -oris, n. m., warmth. days.
vern-us, -a, -um, adj., of or tect-um, -i, n. n., house.
belonging to spring. fest-us, -a, -um, adj., festive,
nitesco, nitui, v. n. 3, shine, merry.
glitter, grow sleek. persono, personui, personitum,
cap-ax, -acis, adj., large, v. n. 1, resound.
<pacious. obstrepo, obstrepui, obstrep-
tutel-a, -ae, n. f., charge, ltum, v. a. and n. 3, make a
keeping. noise against, clamour against,
atri-um, -i, n. n., entrance-hall. annoy, interrupt.
ampl-us, -a, -um, adj., large. quicunque, quaecunque, quod-
ori-ens, -eutis, part, adj., used cunque, rel. pron., whoever,
as subst. m., rising sun, whatever.
morning sun, east. hum-us, -i, n. f., earth, ground,
occid-ens, -entis, part, adj., soil.
used as subst. m. setting , obvi-us,-a, -um, adj., in the
sun, evening sun, west. way, ready.
pari-es, -etis, n. m. , ivall. um-or, -oris, n. m., moisture,
bibliothec-a, -ae, n. f., library. water.
speci-es, -ei, n. f., appearance, leviter, adv., slightly.
form. vicinit-as, -atis, n. f., neigh-
armarl-um, -i, n. n., book-case. bourhood, nearness, prox-
insero, inserui, insertum, v. a. im ity.
3, insert, let in. lign-um, -i, n. n., wood; pi.,
servol-us, -i, n. m., young stem >, firewood.
servant-lad. continu-us, -a, -um, adj., con-
murrn-ur, -uris, n. n., murmur, tinuous, close together.
roa r. intermiss-us, -a, -um, part,
tempest-as, -atis, n. f., tempest, adj., detached.
storm. pretios-us, -a, -um, adj., costly,
fulg-ur, -uris, n. n., lightning. expensive.
lum-en, -Inis, n. n., light, abundo, v. n. 1, abound in,
gleam. has an abundance of.
aperio, aperui, apertum, v. a. sole-a, -ae, n. f., a sandal, sole
4, open. (a fish).
VOCABULARY. 89
squill-a, -ae, n. f., lobster clementi-a, -ae, n. f., mild-

prawn, shrimp. ness.
egero, egessi, egestum, v. a. 3, aer, aeris (ace. usually aera), n.
bring out, pour forth, yield. m., air.
utmarn, adv., would that av-us, -i, n. m., grandfather.
dos. dotis, n. f. dowry, gift, proav-us, -i, n. m., great-
,
endowment, charm. grandfather.

vilTal-a, -ae, n. f. , little villa. illo, adv., thither.
commendati-o, -onis, n. f., re- regl-o, -onis, n. f., region, dis-
commendation, enhancement trict.
contuberni-um, -i, n. n., com- florid-us, -a, -um, adj., abound-
panionsh ip, company. ing with fewer*, flowery.
gemme-us, -a, -um, adj., glit-
33. tering, sparkling.
insalubr-is, -e, adj., unhealthy/. trefolium, -i, n. n., trefoil.
pestil-ens, -entis, adj., pesti- ten-er, -era, -erum, adj., soft,
lential, unwholesome. tender.
or-a, -ae, n. f. , border, coast, alo, alui, altum and alitum, v.
region. a. B, nourish, support.
procul, adv., at a perenn-is, -e, adj., that lasts
distance, far.
Appennln-us, -i, n. m., Apen- the year through, perennial,
nines, the mountain chain never -failing.
that passes through the riv-us, -i, n. m., stream, brook.
length of Italy. nutrio, v. a. 4, nourish, foster.
salubr-is, -e, adj., healthful. aqu-a, -ae, n. f., water.
subiaceo, subiacui. v. n. 2. lie pal-us, -udis, n. f., marsh.
under or near, lie at the foot devex-us, -a, -um, adj., sloping.
of (a mountain). liqu-or, -oris, n. m., fluid,
gelid-us, -a, -um, adj., very 'moisture.
cold, frosty (a higher degree absorbeo, absorbui, v. a. 2,
of cold than frigidus). illow 'Iowa, absorb.
myrt-us, -i and -us, n. f., effundo, eflfudi, etiusum, v. a.
myrtle. 3, pour forth.
ole-a, -ae, n. f., an olive, an Tiber-is, -is, n. m.. the river
olive-tree. Tiber, now Tevere.
aspernor, v. dep. 1, disdain, sit-us, -us, n. m., sit nation.
prospicio, prospic£re, prospexi,
respuo, respui, v. a. B, prospectum, v. a. and n. 3,
re i look into the du
laur-us, -i, n. f.. laurel. i-;. /'•
of
nitid-us, -a, -um, adj. , shining, pingo, pinxi, pictum, v. a. 3,
bright, blooming, luxuriant. paint.
90 ROMAN LIFE.
cerno, crevi, ere turn, v. a. 3, placid-us, -a, -um, adj., quiet,

discern, see. calm, peaceful.
descripti-o, -onis, u. f. , delinea- salubrit-as, -atis, n. f. heallh-
,
tion, arrangement. fuliv gg, salubrity.

quocumque, adv., whitherso- pur-us, -a, -um, adj., pure,
i wherever.
ver, ' r.
reficio,reHcere,refeci,refectum, liquid-us, -a, -um, adj., liquid,

v. a. 3, remake, recruit, re- clear, bright.
fresh. venat-us, -us, n. m., hunting,
meridi-es, -ei, n. in., mid-day, the chase.
noon, the south. salubrlter, adv., healthfully;
specto, v. a. 1, look at, (of comp., salubrius ; superl.,
places) face towards, lie saluberrime.
towards. dego, degi, v. a. 3, spend, pass
aestlv-us, -a, -urn, adj., of or (time), live.
pertaining to summer, sum- usque, adv., all the way to, all
mer. the while ; usque adhuc, vp to
sext-us, -a, -um, num. adj., this time.
sixth. educo, eduxi, eductum, v. a. 3,
aliquanto, adv., somewhat, a bring out.
little. veni-a, -ae, n. f., indulgence,
mature, adv., seasonably, pardon.
early; comp. maturius
, gaudi-um, -i, n. n.,joy.
;
superl., maturissime and servo, v. a. 1, preserve, keep,

maturrlme. continue.
portic-us, -us, n. f., portico,
colonnade. 34.
Tusculan-us, -a, -um, adj., of Clitumn-us, -i, n. m., the
or belonging to Tusculum, Clitumnus, a small river in
Tusadan. Umbria, whose source re-
Tiburtln-us, -a, -um, adj., of ceived divine homage as
Tibur, Tiburtine. Jupiter Clitumnus, now
Praenestm-us, -a, -um, adj., of Clitunno or La Yene; hence
or belonging to Praeneste, Clitumn-us, -a, -um, adj., of
Praenestine. Clitumnus.
praepono, praeposui, praepos- nondum, adv., not yet.
Ituin, v. a. 3, set before, prefer. coll-is, -is, n. m., hill.
necessit-as, -atis, n. f., neces- adsurgo, adsurrexi, adsur-
sity, need. rectum, v. n. 3, rise up, rise,
accerslt-or, -oris, n. m. (a rare stand up.
word), one that calls or cupress-us, -i and less frequent-
fetches. ly -us, n. f., cypress.
VOCABULARY. 91
nemoros-us, -a, sacell-um, -i, n. n., a little

-um, adj.,
wooded. sanctuary, chapel, shrii
opac-us, -a, -um, adj., shaded, totidem, num. adj. indecl.,
nhady. just as many.
subter, prep. gov. ace. and amoenlt-as, -atis, n. f., pleas-
abl., under, below. antness.
exeo, exire, exii, exltum, v. n. marg-o, -inis, n. m. and f.
fjo out, issue, edge, brink, margin.
vitre-us, -a, -um, adj., of glass, insisto, institi, v. n. 3, set foot
glassy, tra nspa rent. a po n, stand ujyon.
rip-a, -ae, n. f., bank. column-a, -ae, n. f., column,
fraxln-us, -i, u. f. ash-tree. , pillar.
popul-us, -i, n. f. poplar. ,
inscribo, inscripsi, inscriptum,
vestio, v. a. 4, clothe, cover. v. a. 3, inscribe.
rig-or, -oris, n. m. , stiji,
rol<l. 35.
col-or, -oris, n. m., colour. manusciil-um, -i, n. n., a small
prisc-us, -a, -um, adj.. ancient. present.
religios-us, -a, -um, adj., holy, quaesti-o, -onis, n. f., inquiry,
sacred. subject of inquiry.
amlcio, amicui or amixi, eruditi-o, -onis, n. f., learning.
amictum, v. a. 4, wrap orior, ortus sum, v. dep. 4
round, clothe. (but with some forms of the
praetext-a, -ae, d. f., praetexta, third conjugation, for ex-
the outer garment, bordered ample oritur), rise.
with purple, worn at Rome sax-um, -i, n. n., rock.
by the higher magistrates cenatiuncul-a, -ae, n. f., small
and by free-born children dining-room.
till they assumed the toga decldo, decidi, v. n. 3, fall
virilis. down, empty itself (of a
praes-ens, -entis, adj., present, stream).
in person. ter, adv. num., three times.
num-en, -inis, n. n.. godhead, stat-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
deity, god. appointed, fixed, regular.
fatidlc-us, -a, -um, adj., pro- auct-us, -us, n. m., increai
phetic deminuti-o, -onis, n. f., de-
Indico, v. a. 1, point out, crease.
show. decresco, decrevi, decretum. v.
sors, sortis, n. f. , a lot, lots, n. 3, decn a
oracular respons deprehendo, deprehendi, de-
spaxgo. sparsi, sparsum, v. a. prehensum, v. a. 3, dt<
3, scatter. perceive.
92 KOMAN LIFE.
iuxta, adv. and prep. gov. permult-us, -a, -um, adj., very
ace, near. much, very many.
vescor, v. dep. 3, take, food, eat. aur-is. -is, n. f., ear.
poto, v. a. and n. 1, drink. Aegypt-us, f., Egypt.
-i, n.
moment-um, -i, n. move- perlego, perlegi, perlectum.
n., v.
ment, motion, short time, a. 3, read through.
moment. lustro, v. a. 1, traverse, explore,
subtraho, subtraxi, subtractum examine.
v. a. 3, draw away from pariter, adv., equally, at the
underneath, withdraw. same time.
aniil-us, -i, n. m., ring. exigo, exegi, exactum, v. a. 3,
adluo, adlui, v. a. 3, flow near require, exact, (of time)
to, xvash agaimt, bathe (of spend, pass.
the sea, waves, etc.). prosoc-er, -Sri, n. m., a wife's
sensim, adv., sloxrty, gently, grandfather.
gradually. Amerin-us, -a. -um, adj., of or
novissime, adv., lately, at last, pertaining to Ameria, a
finally. town in Umbria, now
detego, detexi, detectum, v. a. Amelia.
3, uncover. perambulo, v. a. 1, ramble
paulatim, adv., by degrees, through, go through.
gradually. Vadimonis lacus. a small lake
desero, deserui, desertum, v. in Etruria near Ameria, now
a. 3, leave, desert. Laghetto di Bassano. It is
observo, v. a. 1, watch. now little more than a stag-
tertio, adv., for the third time. nant pool. The floating is-
scrutor, v. dep. 1, search, lands have disappeared.
examine. similitud-o, -inis, n. f., likeness,
efficio, efficere, effeci, effectum, resemblance.
v. a. 3, effect, accomplish, rot-a, -ae, n. f., wheel.
produce. circumscribo, circumscripsi,
circumscriptum, v. a. 3,
36. circumscribe, enclose in a
ingrSdior, ingredi, ingressus circle, round.
sum, dep. 3, enter, enter nav-is, -is, n. f., ship.
v.
upon ; iter ingredi, to under- innato, v. n. 1, float in or
take a journey. upon.
transmitto, transmisi, trans- insiil-a, -ae, n. f., island.
missum, v. a. 3, cross. berbid-us, -a, -um, adj., grassy,
neglego, neglexi, neglectum, v. verdant.
a. 3, neglect, disregard, am harund-o, -inis, n. f. reed. ,
indifferent to. iunc-us, -i, n. m., rush.

VOCABULARY. 93
derado. derasi, derasum, v. a. intellego, iutellexi, intellectnm,

3, rub off, wear. v. a. 3, understand, perceive.
inlido, inlisi, iiillsum, v. a. 3, mobil-is, -e, adj., movable.
dash against. abripio, abripere, abripui, ab-
iungo, iunxi, iunetum, v. a. 3, reptum, v. a. 3, tear away,
join. carry off.
copulo, v. a. 1, unite. circumfundo, circumfudi, cir-
contin-ens, -entis, n. f., con- cumfusum, v. a. 3, pour
tinent, mainland. around ; in perf. pass. part.
discordo, v. u. 1, am at vari- flowing around, surrounding.
ance. paveo, pari, v. a. and n. 2,
vent-us, -i, n. m., icind. fear, am afraid.
digero, digessi, digestum, v. a.
3, disperse.
37.
velut, adv., just as, like. perpetult-as, -atis, n. f., con-
cumbul-a, small boat.
-ae, n. f., tinual duration, perpetuity.
onerari-a, -ae, n. f., ship of script-um, -i, n. n. something ,
burden, merchant -vessel. written, writing, work.

adhaeresco, adhaesi, adhaesum, beat-us, -a, -um, adj., happy,
v. n. 3, cleave to, am fastened fortunate.
to. suscipio, suscipere, suscepi,
curs-us, -us, n. m., running, susceptum, v. a. 3, under-
course. take.
desumo, desumpsi, desumptum, deposco, depoposci, v. a. 3,
v. a. 3, take for oneself, demand, claim to perform.
undertake.
appello, appuli, appulsum, v. 38.
a. 3, bring a ship to land, Misen-um, -i, n. n., Misenum,
run in. a promontory, town and
promo veo, promovi, promotum, harbour in Campania, now
v. a. 2, push forward, ad- Punta di Miseno.
vance. class-is, -is, n. f. , fleet.
hac, adv., in this direction, imperi-um, -i, n. n., authority,
here. command.
ilia, adv., in that direction, non-us, -a, -um, num. adj.,
there. ninth.
aufSro, auferre, abstuli, ab- Kalend-ae, -arum, n. f. pi., the
latum, v. a., take away, Calends, the first day of the
remove. month.
pec-us, -oris, n. n., cattle, Septemb-er, -ris, n. m., Sep-
extrem-us, -a, -um, adj. , outer- tember; also used as adj.,
most, extreme. of September.
94 ROMAN LIFE.
septiin-us, -a, -um, num. adj., 39.

seventh. Rectln-a, -ae, n. f. , a woman's
appareo, apparui, apparltum, name.
v. n. 2, appear. Caesi-us, -i, Bass-us, -i, n. m.,
nub-es, -is, n. f., cloud. a lyric poet, a friend of
inusitat-ns, -a, -um, adj., un- Persius, who addresses him
usual, extraordinary. in his sixth satire,
gusto, v. a. 1, taste, take a immineo, v. n. 2, hang over,
fight meal, take luncheon. threaten, am imminent, im-
conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, pend.
conspectum, v. a. 3, get sight exterreo, exterrui, exterrltum,
of, descry, observe. v. a. 2, strike with terror,
incert-us, -a, -um, adj., un- frighten.
certain, douhf/ul. fug-a, -ae, n. I., flight, escape.
intueor, intuitus sum, v. dep. oro, v. a. 1, pray, beseech,
2, look at, observe. entreat, beg.
Vesuvi-us. -i, n. m. , Vesuvius, deduco, deduxi, deductum, v.
a celebrated volcano in Cam- a. 3, launch.
pania, near Naples. quadrirem-is, -is, n. f., a vessel
postea, adv., afterwards. having four banks of oars, a
pin-us, -us and -i, n. f. quadrireme.
pine. auxili-um, -i, n. n., help, aid.
trunc-us, -i, n. m , stem, propero, v. a. and n. 1,
trunk. hasten.
ram-us, -i, n. m., branch. illuc, adv., to that place, thither.
eveho, evexi, evectum, v. a. 3, unde, adv., whence.
carry out, raise, lift up. gubernaciil-um, -i, n. n., helm.
destituo, destitui, destitiitum, met-us, -us, n. m.,fear.
v. a. 3, abandon, forsake. mal-um, -i, n. n., an evil,
latitiid-o, -inis, n. f., breadth. calamity.
vanesco, v. n. 3, pass aicay, calid-us, -a, -um, adj., warm,
disappear. hot.
candid-us, -a, -um, adj., white, dens-us, -a, -um, adj., thick,
bright. dense.
maculos-us, -a, -um, adj., pum-ex, -icis, n. m., pumice-
spotted. stone.
cin-is, -eris, n. m., ashes. nig-er, -ra, -rum, adj., black.
Liburnic-a, -ae, n. f., a Libur- ambfiro, ambussi, ambustum,
nian galley, a light fast-sail- v. a. 3, burn around, scorch.
ing vessel, a brigantinc ign-is, -is, n. m.,Jire.
apto, v. a. 1, fit, prepare, get lap-is, -idis, n. m.. stone.
ready. vad-um, -i, n. n., shoal.
VOCABULARY. 95
ruin-a, -ae, n. f., downfall, securit-as, -atis, n. f., com-

ruin-:, debris. posure, confidence.
obsto, obstlti, obstatum, v. n. lenio, lenivi or lenii, lenitum,
1, stand against, obstruct. v. a. 4, soothe, calm.
cunctor, v. dep. 1, delay, defero, deferre. detuli, delatum,
hesitate. v. a., bear, carry.
retro, adv., backwards, back. accubo. v. n. 1, lie near, recline
gubernat-or, -oris, n. m. at table.
helmsman.
fortun-a, -ae, n. f ., fortune. 40.
Pomponian-us. -i, flamm-a, -ae, n. f. fame.
n. m., per- ,
haps the sou of Pomponius incendi-um. -i, n. n., conflagra-

Secundus, whose life the tion.
elder Pliny wrote. relticeo, reluxi, v. n. 2, shin<
Stabi-ae, -arum, n. f. Stabiae, out, Haze.
,
a small town on the coast of fulg-or, -oris, n. m., gleam,

Campania near Pompeii. brightness.
dirimo, diremi, diremptum, v. clarit-as, -atis, n. f., clearness.
a. 3, separate, divide. splendour.
circumago, circumegi. circum- nox, noctis, n. f. , night.
actum, v. a. 3, turn in a agrest-is, -e, adj., pertaining to

circle, round. the country, rural ; as subst.
curvo, v. a. 1, bend, curve. agrest-is, -is, n. m., country-
infundo. infudi, infiisum, v. a. man, rustic.
3. pour in, pour upon. trepidati-o, -onis, n. f. , alarm,
appropinquo, v. n. 1, approach, consternation.
draw nigh. ardeo, arsi, arsum, v. n. 2, am
conspicu-us, -a, -um, adj., on fire, burn, bl"
<,' ,.-.
ble, conspicuous, in formld-o, -inis, n. i.,fear.
sarcin-a, -ae. n. f. usually in dictito, v. a. 1, say often, keep
,
pi., baggage. saying.

contrari-us, -a, -um, adj., op- meat-us, -us. n. m. going. ,
posite, contrary. passing; meatus animae,

resido, resedi (or more properly b reath in g, respiratio n
residi), v. n. 3, sit clown, anim-a, -ae, n. f. , breath.
settledown, abate. propter, prep, with ace, on
secund-us. -a, -um, adj., fol- account of.
lowing, favourable. son-ans. -antis, part, adj.,
inveho, invexi, mveetom, v. a. tiding, noisy, loud.
carry, bear in; pass. so ,7.
.'i. , lim-en, -inis, n. n. , thresh-
complector, complexus sum, v. old.
dep. 3, embrace. are-a, -ae, n. f., courtyard.
96 ROMAN LIFE.
misceo, miscui. mixtum, v. a. impono, imposui, impositum,v.

2, mix, mingle. a. 3, ]>lace upon.
oppleo, opplevi, oppletum, v. linte-um, -i, n. n., linen cloth.

a. 2, fill i/p. constringo, constrinxi, con-
surgo, surrexi, surrectum, v. strictum, v. a. 3, bind to-
n. 3, r gether, tie.
pervigilo, v. n. 1, remain awake muniment-um, -i, n. n. , defence,

all night. protection.
commun-is, -e, adj., common, adversus, prep. gov. ace,
general; commun-e, -is, n. against.
n., that which is common, a
community in commune ,for
:
41.
a common object, together. alibi, adv., elsewhere.
consulto, v. a. 1, consult, de- illic,adv., there.
liberate. ecquis, ecquid, pronominal
intra, prep. gov. ace., within. subst. is there any one who?
,
vagor, v. dep. 1, wander, Any one, any thing ; ecquid,

wander about. as adv. in interrogations,
vast-us, -a, -ran, adj., immense, whether, perchance.
tremendous. recubo, v. n. 1, recline.
trem-or, -oris, n. m., trem- haurio, hausi, haustum, v. a.
bling, earthquake, earthquake 4, drink up, svjcdlon-.
shock. praenunti-us, -i, n. m., fore-
nuto, v. n. 1, nod, totter. teller, harbinger.
emoveo. emovi, emotum, v. a. od-or, -oris, n. m., smell.
2, move out, dislodge. sulph-ur, -tiris, n. n., brimstone,
sed-es, -is, n. f., seat, founda- sulphur.
tion. innitor, innixus or innisus sum,
hue, adv., hither. v. dep. 3, lean upon.
div-um, -i, n. n., the sky ; esp. du-o, -ae, -o, num. adj., Uoo.
frequent in the phrase sub concido, concidi, v. n. 3, fall.
divo, under the open sky, in crass-us, -a, -ran, adj., dense.
the open air. calig-o, -inis, n. f., mist,
lev-is, -e, adj., light. vapour.
exedo, exedi, exesum, v. a. 3, obstruo, obstruxi, obstructum,
eat up, consume. v. a. 3, stop up, impede,
metuo, metui, metutum, v. a. obstruct.
and n. 3, fear. stomach-us, -i, n. m., gullet,
collati-o, -onis, n. f., compari- windpipe.
son. invalid-us, -a, -um, adj., weak.
cervic-al, -alis, n. n., 2y ^ ow >
angust-us, -a, -um, adj.,
bolster. narrow.
VOCABULARY.
integ-er, -ra, -rum. adj., whole. ful province of Campania in
illaes-us, -a, -um. adj., un- middle Italy, now Terra di
harmed, uninjured. Lavoro.
induo, indni, indutum, v. a. 3, invalesco, invalid, v. n. 3,
put on an article of dress or grow strong, increase in
ornament. strength,
habit-us, -us, n. m., condition, irrumpo, irrilpi, irruptum, v.
<tate, plight, appearance of n. 3, break in, burst in.
the body. divldo, divisi. divisum, v. a. 3,
defungor, defunctus sum, v. divide, separate.
dep. 3, have done with, finish, constanti-a, -ae, n. i.,nrnn
die ; defunctus = mortuus, intrepidity.
dead. imprudenti-a. -ae, n. f., im-
memoro, v. a. 1, mention, tell, prudence, inconsiderateness.
relate. duodevicesim-us, -a, -um, num.
persequor, persecutes or per- adj., eighteenth.
sequutus sum, v. dep. 3, fol- Tit-us, -i, Livi-us, -i, n. m..
low, follow out in speech or Livy, the celebrated his-
writing, set forth, describe, torian.
relate. ecce. adv., lo ! behold!
potissim-us, -a, -um, adj. Hispani-a, -ae, n. f. Spain. ,
superl. (from potis, able, cap- patienti-a, -ae, n. f. patience, ,
able, comp., potior, better, endurance, apathy.

preferable), chief, principal, nihil -um, -i, n. n., nothing;
most important. nihilo with comp., by no-
thing, no.
segnlter, adv. slothfully, lazily ;
,
42.
comp., segnius. especially
aio, v. defect. , say. frequent with the negatives
horreo, horrui, v. a. and n. 2. non, hand, nihilo, none the
•ier,fear. slower, not le*s diligently.
proficiscor, profectus sum, v.
dep. 3, set out,depart.
43.
ideo, adv., for that reason,
therefore. languld-us, -a, -um, adj., faint,
reinaneo, remansi, v. n. 2, re- languid, sickly.
main, stay behind. quasso. v. a. 1, shake, shatter.
inquiet-us, -a, -um, adj., rest- circumiaceo, v. n. 2, lie round.
rbed. vulg-us, -i, n. n. mult it ,
formidolos-us, -a, -um, adj., crony I.

during fen r, ala rm i attonit-us. -a, -um, part, adj.,
Campani-a. -ae, n. L, the fruit- th v
98 ROMAN LIFE.
pav-or, -6ris, n. m., fear, 44.

panic. acriter, adv., vehemently, zeal-
prudenti-a, -ae, n. f., prudence, ously; comp.,acrius; super].,
diaCTi fion. acerrime.
praefero, praeferre, praetuli, instanter, adv., earnestly;
praelatum, v. a., place a comp., instantius ; superl.,
person or thing before an- instantissime.
other in esteem, prefer. superst-es, -itis, adj., surviv-
premo, pressi, pressnm, v. ing.
a. 3, press, press upon, cesso, v. a. and n. 1, delay,
crowd. hesitate.
consisto, constiti, constitnm. committo,commlsi, commissum
v. n. 3, stop. v. a. 3, act so that.
prodiico, produxi, productum, consulo, consului, consultum,
v. a. 3, lead forward, briny v. a. and n. 3, with ace,
out. consult one, ash one's opinion;
plan-us, -a, -urn, adj., level, with dat. cousidtfor a person
,
flat. or thing, provide for, have

camp-ns, -i, n. m plain.
,
regard for.
fulcio, falsi, fultuui, v. a. 4, ultra, adv., beyond, farther,
prop up. more.
resorbeo, v. a. 2, such bach. prorlpio, proripere, proripui,
repello, reppuli, repulsum, v. proreptum, v. a. 3, drag or
a. 3, thrust bach. snatch forth; se proripere,
haren-a, -ae (often incorrectly to rush out, hasten away.
spelt arena), n. f., sand. efius-us, -a, -um, part, adj.,
detineo, detinui, detentum, v. poured out, relaxed, dis-
a. 2, heep bach, detain. orderly, hasty.
at-er, -ra, -rum, adj., blach. cingo, cinxi, cinctum, v. a. 3,
horrend-us, -a, -urn, adj., surround, encompass, envelop.
terrible, fearful. Capre-ae, -arum, n. f., Capreae,
igne-us, -a, -um, a,d].,flery. an island in the Tyrrhene
torqueo, torsi, tortum, v. a. Sea, near Campania, now
2, twist, bend; tort-us, -a, Capri.
-um, part, adj., ticisted, abscondo, abscondi and abs-
croohed. condidi, abscondltum, v. a.
vibro, v. a. 1, set in tremulous 3, hide, conceal.
motion, brandish, hurl. ampiector, amplexus sum, v.
rumpo. rupi, ruptum, v. a. 3, dep. 3, embrace, clasp.
break, burst. grad-us, -iis, n. m., step, pace.
dehisco, delrivi, v. n. 3, divide, cogo, coegi, coactum, v. a. 3,
gape. compel, force.
VOCABULARY. 99
pareo, parui, paritum, v. n. 2, interprStor, v. dep. 1, explain,

obey, comply. conclude, infer.
aegre, adv., with difficulty, mentlt-us, -a, -um, part, (of
reluctantly. mentior) iu pass, sense, coun-
incuso, v. a. 1, accuse, blame. terfeit, feigned.
rar-us, -a, -urn, adj., thin, terr-or, -oris, n. m., alarm,
scattered, scanty. terror.
torr-eus, -entis, n. m., torrent. ruo, mi, rutum, v. n. 3, fall,
sterno, stravi, stratum, v. a. am thrown down.
3, throw doicn, throw to the falso, adv., falsely.
ground.
com! tor, v. dep. 1, 'accom-
45.
pany.
turb-a, -ae, n. f., crowd. relucesco, reluxi, v. n. 3, grow
obtero. obtiivi, obtrlfcum, v. a. bright again.
3, trample on. advento, v. n. 1, approach.
vix, adv., hardly, scarcely. indici-um, -i, n. n., sign, marl:.
consido, consedi (more properly excutio, excutere, excussi,
consldi), consessum, v. n. 3, excussum, v. a. 3, shake
down. of.
qual-is, pronom. adj., of oblldo, oblisi, obhsum,
-e, v. a. 3,
what kind, of such a kind, crush.
such as. tenuo, v. a. 1, make thin,
illun-is, -e, adj., without moon- rarefy.
light. fum-us, -i, n. m., smoke.
nubil-us, -a, -um, adj., cloudy. nebul-a. -ae, n. f., mist, vapour,
extinguo, extinxi, extinctum, cloud.
v. a. 3, put out, extinguish. effulgeo, efFulsi, v. n. 2, shine
inf-ans, -antis, n. com., young forth.
child, infant. lurid-us, -a, -um, adj., pale
quiritat-us, -us, n. m. wail. , yellow, ican, lurid.
coni-ux, -ugis, n. com., con- deficio, deficere, defeci, defec-
sort, wife, more rarely hus- tum, v. a. and n. 3, fail, (of
band. the sun) is eclipsed.
noscito, v. a. 1, recognize. occurso, v. freq. n. 1, come to
miseror, v. dep. 1, lament, meet, meet.
bewail. obduco, obduxi, obductum, v.
precor, v. dep. 1, pray, pray a. 3, cover over.
for. regrSdior, regredi, regressus
aetern-us, -a, -um, adj., eternal, sum, v. dep. n. 3, return.
endless. euro, v. a. 1, take care of,
muiid-us, -i. n. m., world. refresh.
100 ROMAN LIFE.
persevere-, v. n. 1, continue, ludificor, v, dep. 1, mnrl;

persist. make sport of.
lymphat-us, -a, -uin, part, adj., exspecto, v. a. 1, expect, anti-
distracted, mad. cipate.
terriflc-us, -a, -urn, adj. , fright- nequaquam, adv. by no means.
,
fid, terrific. impute-, v. a. 1, put down to

vaticinati-o, -onis, n. f. ,
pre- ,
the account, ascribe to,
diction.
NOTES.
i.
Pliny writes to his friend Attius Clemens in praise of the

philosopher Euphrates, with whom he had become acquainted
while serving as military tribune in Syria, in 81 or 82 a.d.
unum, supply exemplum.
adulescentulus, he was about 20.
plurimum venerationis, great respect, lit., very much of
respect.
reverearis ... reformides, you would feel awe at his a])proach,
not dread.
2.
To Caninius Rufus of Coinum, a writer of Epic poetry.

omnia, supply facis.
iste, that retirement of yours, that retirement which you
enjoy.
aegri, supply concupiscunt.
priora, supply negotia.
quasi catenis.In Latin a simile is often used where a
metaphor would be used in English. So here the Latin is
literally by so many chains as it were : the English idiom
would be simply by so many chains.
3.
To Cornelius Tacitus, the celebrated historian.

ego ille, /, that Pliny whom you know.
H 101
102 ROMAN LIFE.
Ipse ?... Ipse, You? you say. Yes, I.
rairum est ut, it is wonderful how.

ipsum illud, that very silence.
quod venationi datur, which is observed in hunting.
feras is in the subj. after licebit. It does not depend on
the ut before panarium, which is here adverbial.
4.
To Junius Mauricus, a friend of Plinv's.
ordinis nostri, that is, the Senate. Grown persons often
attended the lectures of eminent teachers.
iocabantur, supply iuvenes as subject.
5.
To Fuscus, a learned man of senatorian family.

nihil offuerit, it will do no harm, a litotes or softened mode
of expression, meaning, it will do much good.
quae legeris, etc. to write as a rival what you have read so
,
far as to grasp the subject and the plot, that is, first read an
author so as to understand his subject-matter and general
plan, and then try to write on the same subject yourself, in
order that you may judge which of you has treated the
subject better.
lectis, compare with what you have read.
ille, the author you have been reading.
commodius, supply scripserit.

ut, how.
6.
To Tacitus.
patria, that is Comum, Pliny's native place.
Mediolani, at Milan, locative case.
hie potissimum, here rather than anywhere else.
quantulum est, how trifling a thing it would be ! In such
phrases the Latin idiom is is, the English icoidd be.
NOTES. 103
7.
To Baebius Macer. Pliny describes how his uncle, the

elder Pliny, lived.
quod reliquum temporis. supply erat.
si quid otii, supply erat.
inter medios labores, in the midst of his occupations.
Romae, at Rome, locative case.
cur ambularem, censured for walking.
8.
To Maximus.
ad hoc ilium, supply dixisse.
quibus, dative.
ante paucos dies, a few days ago.
recumbebat mecum. was dining at the same house v:ith me.
cui Rufinus, supply dixit.
9.
To Sosius Senecio, to whom Plutarch addresses several of

his Lives.
pigre coitur, impers. pass., lit., it is assembled slowly ;
translate, men are slow to assemble.

tempus audiendi, the time when they ought to he listening.
exmagna parte, in a great measure, to a great extent.
memoria parentum, in the recollection, in the time, of our
father*.
qui studia, etc., who loves learning without loving me too.
lO.
To Minicianus. Pliny declines an invitation on the ground
that he has to attend a recitation.
Hunc ... excuso, / apologise/or this day alone, that is, / beg
to be excused for just this one day.
apud se, at his own house.
104 ROMAN LIFE.
referendae. supply gratiae.

minus obligor, etc., am I less bound to a person who with
such zeal does (celebranti, dat. masc. ) that thing (namely,
attends recitations) in which I can, not to say alone, at least
chiefly, be put under an obligation.
illi. <lat. masc. of ille.
materiae. that is, the subject-matter of his reading.
11.
To Romanus.
Mirificae, etc.,yon have missed a curious scene, and I too.
With ne ego quidem supply interfui.
me fabula excepit, the story met me, that is, 1 heard the
story as soon as I came to town.
Prisce, iubes. These words were either addressed to
Iavolenus Priscus, asking his permission to begin the recita-
tion, or, more probably, were the opening words of the poem
about to be recited. Some think the interruption by Priscus
was due to rudeness, others think it was due to mere absence
of mind. It is strange that Pliny throws doubt on his sanity.
He was an able lawyer, and is often quoted in the Digests or
code of laws framed by Justinian.
ius civile respondet. gives legal opinions on civil law.
quo (abl. neut. ) magis, by ichich the more, wherefore more.
12.
To Severus.
in illis, that is, in elegiac verses,
ilium alterum, that other poet, that is, Propertius.
omnia denique, etc., in a word, he does everything as if it
was the only thing he accomplished.
13.
To Caninius.
ad exemplar, after the model of.
in hoc genere,/o>- this hind of composition.

NOTES. 105
absolutum. there is no style of composition which, when

brought to perfection, may not be called most eloquent.
sed non tamquam inciperet. but not as if he uere a beginner.
futurum (esse), fut. inf. of sum.
14.
To Maximus.
prosecutus est. supply some such word as legatis (with
bequests), he presented with legacies those with whom he was
on somewhat (force of comp. offensior) bad terms.
Latinos, in pure Latin.
inter sermonem historiamque medios, midway between the
style of conversation and that of history.
reliquos, supply libros.
15.
To Tacitus.
hie, adv.
mecum auctoritatibus agit, plies me with authorities.
Lysiae (after ego), dat.
maxima, longest.
quo (abl. neut. maior,
) in proportion as it is longer.
similem nivibus. The allusion is to the description of the
speech of Ulysses, in Iliad, book 3 :
But when he speaks, what elocution flows !
Soft as the fleeces of descending snows,

The copious accents fall, with easy art :
Melting they fall, and sink into the heart.

quasi iudicium respicere, to regard as a standard.
16.
To Rufns.
obversabantur. were in their places.
decern milium, ten thousand sesterces, about £80.

ex eventu, according to the issue.
106 ROMAN LIFE.
17.
To Messius Maximus.
ordinem, form of procedure.
paucis, in a few words.
sed nimis cito de futnris, but it is too soon to talk of what is
in thefuture.
beneficio tabellarum, thank,* to the ballot.
18.
To the same.
foeda &ictXL,fovl language, lit., things foul to be said (pass,
supine).
ei qui, etc., invoked the anger of the emperor upon the writer.
remediis fortiora, too strong for the remedies, lit., stronger

than the remedies.
19.
To Maximus, on his being appointed governor of the

province of Achaia.
veram et meram. The province of Achaia was true and
genuine Greece as distinguished from the province of Mace-
donia.
petentibus, referring to the commission sent by the Romans
to Greece to get a copy of the laws of Solon, before preparing
the Code of the Twelve Tables.
20.
To Xepos.
hoc, abl. after minora.
quid ageret puer, asking hoio the boy ivas.
libenter, with appetite.

satiata, that is, having wept her fill.
composito, composed, calm.
illud eiusdem, gloriousindeed was that act of the same lady.
quo rnaius est, than which it is nobler.
matrem agere, to play the part of mother.
NOTES. 107
21.
To Calvisius, a decurio of Comum.
assem para, get ready your copper. Pliny, in jest, speaks
as if he were a professional story-teller.
graviter iaeebat. lay serioudy W.
huius dico Pisonis quem, I mean the, Pi«o whem\ etc.
componit vultum, he puts on a grave look.
bona morte, an easy death.
ne tantulum qUidem. supply legavit, did not leave Regulus
even ever so little.
22.
To Romanus.
posteritati suae interfuit. lived to hear the verdict of pos-
terity.
durior longiorque. somewhat (force of comparative) .severe

and tedious.
irrandiorem. too large.
colligit is an appropriate word for picking up a manuscript
roll.
per, on the smooth and slippery floor.
fallente vestiglo, his foot dipping.

quaerendus ac desiderandus, missed and regretted.
23.
To Fabatus, Pliny's wife's grandfather.
vestri, that is, for Fabatus and his daughter ; vester is
never used like tuus of one person.
quantum, etc., as fast as the plan of our route ivill allow.
in Tuscos, to my Tuscan estate.
in hoc, supply oppido.

irreligiosum est, it would he impious. See note on quantu-
lum est, 6.
sequenti, supply die.

108 ROMAN LIFE.
24.
To Avitus.
longum est. it would be tedious.
qui fieri potest ? how can that be ?
25.
To Septicius.
promittis ad cenam, supply te venturum. a common ellipsis.
nive. Snow was used for cooling the wine.

non minus lauta, equally choice.
quae mea liberalitas, such is my liberality.
26.
To Acilius.
nee tantum epistula dignam, subject worthy not only of a
understand, but even of a tragedy or history,
letter,
fidem, etc., that is, satisfied them that he was dead,

quasi aestu solutus, as though he had swooned from the heat.
nee est quod, etc., nor has any one reason to feel secure.
27.
To Caninius.
omnis aetas, every agt . that is, persons of every age.
gloria et virtus, a fine and manly feat.
interrogant, audiunt, narrant, they question him, they listen
to what he has to tell, they repeat the story.
that is, the boy with
ille. whom the dolphin had played the
previous day.
28.
From the same letter.
fertur referturque, he is carried to and fro.
dextra. laevaque. on the right and left.
placuit occulte interfici ad quod coibatur,
it was resolved that
the object to which they thronged (impers. pass., lit., to which
it was come together) should be secretly killed.

NOTEa 109
29.
To Attius Clemens.
pro tribunali, strictly, in front of and upon the bench ; we
would say, / sit on the bench.
30.
To Fuscus.
hora quarta vel quinta, ten or eleven o'clock in the morning.
quod brevius quia velocius, which takes less time because it is
more rapi I.
equo gestor. / ride.
31.
To Minicius Fundanus.
mirum est, etc., 'tis strange how good an account ire can
give, or think we can give, of each separate day spent in the
city, but lion: ptoor our general account of a number of days.
Cowan.
cuncta, supply ratio.
officio togae. etc., / have been present at a ceremony of
assuming the gown of manhood, that is, at a coming of age.
Cowan.
ille . . . ille . . . ille, one . . . another . . . another.
in advocationem ... in consilium, has asked me to appear in
court as counsel ...to act as >r.
corpori vaco, have leisure to look after my health.

otiosum, etc., it is better to have nothing to do than to have
much ado about nothing. Otiosum esse often means to be free
from state business, to be at leisure, not necessarily to be
idle. There is a play on two meanings of nihil agere, to do
nothing (to be idle), and to effect nothing (to be busy about
what leads to no result).
32.
To Gallus.
salvo et composito die. that is, without losing the day's
work in town, having saved (not wasted) the «lay and Finished
its work. Componere diem means to lay the day to rest, to
finish the day's work.
110 ROMAN LIFE.
non una via, by more than one road '
Supply via with Laurentina and Ostiensis.

usibus capax, large enough for all want*.
non sumptuosa tutela. abl. of quality, not costly to main-
tain ; lit. , not of costly keeping,
in bibliothecae speciem, after the fashion of a library.
moveris humum, dig.
corruptus. brackish.
tecta villarum may perhaps be translated villa residences.
33.
To Apollinaris.
amavi, / was pleased with.
dum putas insalubres, at a time you deem it unhealthy.
hi, that is, Tusci mei, this Tuscan property of mine.
formam ... pictam, a landscape ... painted.
With Tusculanis, Tiburtinis, Praenestinis, supply praediis :
I prefer my Tuscan property to the estates at TusctUum, Tibur,

and Praeneste.
nulla necessitas tcgae, the toga was the dress of ceremony
and of business.
venia sit dictu, that is, may I be pardoned for saying so ; a
formula used like our expression, in a good hour be it spoken.
34.
To Romauus.
stat Clitumnus ipse, (a statue of) Clitumnus himself stands
there.
quae tua humanitas, such is your courtesy.
35.
To Licinus Sura.
certis dimensisque momentis, at certain fixed times. Lewis
and Short.
in sicco, on the dry ground.
NOTES. Ill
36.
To Gallus.
subiacens, lying below ; the town of Ameria was on a hill,
iacentis rotae. a wheel lying on the ground.

extremam ripam, edge of the bank.
37.
This and the remaining sections are from two letters
addressed to Tacitus, the celebrated historian.
quo verius you may be able more truthfully.
possis, that
plurima, etc., teas the author of many lasting (mansura, lit..
about to remain, destined to remain) works.
38.
Miseni. at Misenum,
nonum Kal. Septembres, that is, ante diem nonura Kalendas
Septembres, on the ninth day before the first of September, that
is, according to the Roman mode of calculation, the 24th of
August.
hora fere septima. about one in the afternoon,
usus sole, having basked in the sun, having stoned hir.i
as the Romans were fond of doing compare section 7,
;
iacebat in sole.
elata in altum, towering to a great height.
in latitudinem vanescebat, became thinner as it broadened.
Church and Brodribb.
ut eruditissimo viro, as teas natural for a man of education.
facit copiam, grants lax
quod scriberem, had given me something to write out.
39.
Rectina Caesi Bassi, Rectina, thi wife (supply uxor) of
Caesiua Bossus.
subiacebat, lay near (the mountain).
erat enim, etc., for that charming coast-line teas densely
peopled.
112 ROMAN LIFE.
rectum cursiun, recta gubernacula in periculum tenet, holds

a direct course, keeps his helm straight for the danger
solutus metu, free from fear.
quo propius, hotter and denser the nearer they approached.
vadum, the eruption made the sea retire, so that the ships
were left in shallow water.
ruinaque, etc., and the shores blocked with (lit., making an
obstruction with) the debris from the mountain.
Stabiis,he was at Stabiae.
sinu medio, separated from him by the intervening bay.
infunditur, runs up into the winding shores.
certus fugae, resolved on fight.
40.
excitabatur, was heightened.
in remedium formidinis, to soothe men's fear.
gravior et sonantior, rather heavy and loud.
qui limini obversabantur, those who were about his door.
se Pomponiano reddit. rejoins Pomponianus.
in aperto, in the open, in the open country.
levium exesorumque, light and hollow.
quod, etc., which alternative (that of going into the open
air), however, a comparison (of dangers) selected (as the
better). The abstract subject (collatio periculorum) is a very
rare idiom in Latin. Church and Brodribb.
41.
ex proximo, from the nearest point.
ecquid, etc., whether the sea woxdd allow them to embark.
abiectum, thrown on the ground.
ut fuerat indutus, just as he had been dressed.
42.
cupere depends on ais, not on adductum.
NOTES. 113
quamquam animus, etc. These are che words with which

Aeneas introduces the tale of Troy in Virgil, Aeneid. 2, 12.
intentus in librum, intent on my book, wrapped up in my
book.
43.
hora diei prima, seven o'clock in the morning.
suo, supply consilio.
in contrarias partes agebantur, swayed in opposite directions.
in eodem vestigio, in the same spot.
processerat, had encroached on the sea.
ignei, etc., a cloud broken by forked and tremulous zig-zags
of the fiery element kept parting asunder and showing (lit., was
gaping into) long streaks offame.
44.
nostrae, siipply saluti.
effuso cursu, in hasty fight.
periculo aufertur, withdraws from danger.
Miseni, etc., had removed from sight the projecting headland
of Misenum.
orare, hortari. iubere, are historical infinitives, and are to
be translated like imperfects, began to beg, etc.
posse enim iuvenem, supply fugere.
ego contra, supply dixi.
addere gradum, to hasten her pace.

dum videmus, v:hile we can still see.
suorum, of their friends, supply casum.
45.
Misenum, to Misenum, ace. of place to which.
INDEX.
The Numbers refer to the Sections of the Vocabulary.
a or ab, 1.
INDEX. 115
afficio, 12. amplitudo, 15. asperitas, 7.

Africa, 27. amplus, 32. aspernor, 33.
ager, 23. an, 2. aspicio, 27.
agitatio, 3. ango, 2. assiduus, 15.
agito, 21. angustus, 41. assurgo, 45.
agmeu, 2. anima, 40. at, 9.
aguosco, 28. auimadverto, 24. ater, 43.
ago, 14. animal, 15. Athenae, 19.
agrestis, 40. animus, 3. Atilius, 31.
aio, 42. annus, 9. atque, 6.
alibi, 41. ante, 7. atrium, 32.
alica, 25. antiquitas, 19. atrox, 26.
alieuus, 11. antiquus, 13. attero, 2S.
alioqui, 15. anulus, 35. attingo, 15.
aliquando, 30. aper, 3. attollo, 28.
aliquanto, 33. aperio, 32. attonitus, 43.
aliquantus, 11. apertus, 17. auctor, 3.
aliqui, 7. apparate, 25. auctoritas, 4.
aliquis, 2. appareo, 38. auctus, 35.
aliquot, 22. appello (are), 28. audacia, 28.
aliter, 8. appello (ere), 36. audax, 5.
alius, S. Appenninus, 33. audens, 27.
alligo, 23. apprehendo, 17. audio, 6.
alo, 33. appropinquo, 39. auditor, 9.
alte, 24. Aprilis, 9. auditorium, 4.
alter, 12. apte, 13. aufero, 36.
alternus. 27. apto, 38. augeo, 28.
alteruter, 16. apud, 4. aurens, 21.
altum, 27. aqua, 33. auris, 36.
altus, 2. arbitror, 7. aut, 3.
amans, 12. arbor, 15. autem, 14.
amaritudo, 13. ardeo, 4n. auxilium, 39.
ambulo, 7. area, 40. avia, 20.
amburo, 39. argumentum, 5. avoco, 30.
Amerinus, 36. arguo, 17. avunculus, 7.
amicio, 34. argute, 13. avus, 33.
amicus, 9. armarium, 32.
amitto, 20. armentum, 32. balineum, 2.
aino, 1. Arria, 20. barba, 1.
amoenitas, 34. artus, 2. barbarus, 19.
arnor, 23. as, 21. basilica, 16.
amplector, 44. ascendo, 30. beatus, 37.
no ROMAN LIFE.
bellns, 18. causa, 7. clarus, 1.

bene, 5. caute, 27. classis, 38.
beneficium, 4. caveo, 16. Claudius Caesar, 9.
benigne, 12. cedo, 16. claudo, 30.
benignitas, 10. celebro, 10. clausus, part of
bibliotbeca, 32. cena, 25. claudo, 30.
bibo, 24. cenatiuncula, 35. dementia, 33.
bini, 25. ceno, 24. clementer, 19.
bonus, 5. censorius, 17. climactericus, 21.
bos, 32. centumviralis, 16. Clitumnus, 34.
brevis, 15. centumviri, 16. coarto, 32.
bre vitas, 15. cera, 3. cochlea, 25.
breviter, 15. cerno, 33. codicilli, 21.
certamen, 27. coeo, 9.
cado, 22. certe, 10. coepio, 11.
Caecina Paetus, 20. certo, 5. cogitatio, 3.
caelestis, 15. certus, 30. cogito, 11.
caelum, 7. cervical, 40. cognatio, 12.
Caesar, 15. cesso, 44. cognosco, 16.
Caesius Bassos, 39. ceteri, 7. cogo, 44.
Caius Fannius, 14. cibus, 7. cohibeo, 20.
calidus, 39. cingo, 44. collatio, 40.
caligo, 40. cinis, 38. collatus, see
Campania, 42. circa, 13. confero, 5.
campus, 43. Circenses, 8. colligo, 22.
candidatus, 17. circulus, 17. collis, 34.
candidus. 38. circumago, 39. colloco, 22.
canus, 1. circumcisus, 15. colo, 10.
capax, 32. circumeo, 27. colonia, 27.
capillus, 1. circumfundo, 36. color, 34.
capio, 3. circumiaceo, 43. columna, 34.
Capito, 10. circumscribo, 36. comes, 28.
Capreae, 44. circumsisto, 26. comitas, 1.
capto, 21. cito (adv.), 17. comitium, 17.

caput, 18. cito (verb), 17. comitor, 44.
carmen, 22. civilis, 11. commendatio, 32.
carpo, 16. civis, 22. commendo, 15.
cams, 10. civitas, 16. committo, 44.
castigo, 1. clamo, 21. commode, 5.
casus, 14. clamor, 9. commodus, 20.
catena, 2. clare, 4. commoveo, 16.
Cato, 15. claritas, 40. communico, 24.
INDEX. 117
communis. 40. consulatus, 22. cultus, 1.

comoedia, 13. consulo, 44. cum, 1.
comoedus, 25. consulto, 40. cumbula, 36.
comperendinatio, 16 consult um, 16. cunctanter, 9.
competitor, 17. consumo, 9. cunctor, 39.
complector, 39. contemno, 3. cunctus, 5.
complures, 6. contemplatio, 22. cupio, 10.
compono, 10. contentio, 5. cupressus, 34.
comprecor, 18. contero, 9. cur, 6.
comprehendo, 26. conticesco, 4. cura, 7.
computo, 21. continens, 36. euro, 45.
concldo, 41. contineo, 16. cursim, 15.
concupisco. 2. contingo, 23. cursus, 36.
concurro, 26. continuus, 32. curvo, 39.
conditor, 19. contio, 17. curvus. 16.
condo, 30. contra, 16. custodio, 15.
conduco, 6. contrarius, 39.
confero, 5. contubernium, 32. de, 12.
coniicio, 29. contumelia, 26. debeo, 10.
confirm o, 20. contundo, 26. decedo, 14.
confiteor, 15. con victor, 24. decern, 16.
conflicto, 21. coopto, 23. decemviri, 16.
confluo, 28. copia, 5. decenter, 13.
confundo, 14. copiosus, 1. decerpo, 19.
confusio, 17. copulo, 36. decido, 35.
coniux, 44. coram, 4. decorus, 1.
conquiro, 18. Cornelius, 8. decresco, 35.
conscientia, 17. corpus, 1. decurro, 17.
consequor, 12. corrigo, 16. dedicatio, 23.
consido, 44. corripio, 7. dedo, 14.
consilium, 11. corrumpo, 17. deduco, 39.
consisto, 43. coxa, 22. defero, 39.
consolor, 29. crassus, 41. deficio. 45.
conspicio, 38. creber, 15. defigo, 22.
conspicuus, 39, creditor, 9. deflecto, 12.
constantia, 42. credo, 10. defleo, 22.
constituo, 23. credulus, 21. defungor, 41.
consto, 24. cresco, 28. dego, 33.
constringo, 40. crucio, 21. dehisco, 43.
consuesco, 6. cryptoporticus, 30. dein and
consuetudo, 17. cubieulum, 20. deinde, 8.
consularis, 21. cucurbita, 25. delecto, 5.
118 ROMAN LIFE.
delego, 7. dicto, 30. domus, 10.

delibero, 16. dictum, 20. donee, 28.
deliciae, 15. dies, '2. dos, 32.
deliratio, 11. differo, 19. dubito, 13.
delphinus, 27. dift'ugio, 26. dubius, 11.
deminutio, 35. diffundo, 32. duco, 12.
demissus, 1. digero, 36. dulcedo, 13.
demitto, IS. digitus, 21. dulcis, 4.
demonstro, 8. dignitas, 17. dum, 22.
Demosthenes, 15. dignus, 17. dumtaxat, 16.
demum, 9. dilatio, 16. duo, 41.
denique, 10. diligens, 14. duodevicesimus, 42
densus, 39. diligentia, 16. durus, 19.
depello, 32. diligo, 14.
depono, 13. dimensus, 30. e or ex, 4.
deposco, 37. dimitto, 16. ecce, 42.
deprehendo, 35. dirimo, 39. echinus, 25.
derado, 36. discedo, 3. ecquis, 41.
desceudo, 16. disco, 6. edisco, 13.
descisco, 17. discordo, 36. edictum, 16.
describo, 24. discrimen, 12. educo, 33.
descriptio, 33. discursus, 31. educo, 6.
desero, 35. disertus, 14. etfero, 26.
desiderium, 23. dispono, 30. effetus, 13.
desidero, 22. dispositus, 17. efficio, 35.
desidia, 9. disputatio, 15. effingo, 12.
desino, 19. disputo, 1. effulgeo, 45.
despicio, 13. dissensio, 17. effundo, 33.
destino, 9. dissimulanter, 9. effusus, 44.
destituo, 38. dissonus, 17. egero, 32.
desnm, 9. distringo, 29. ego, 1.
desumo, 36. diu, 5. egredior, 20.
detego, 35. divido, 42. egregius, 8.
detineo. 43. divinus, 15. eius, see is, 1.
deus, 19. divum, 40. elabor, 22.
devexus, 33. do, 3. elatus,isee effero, 26.
dextra, 28. doctus, 15. electio, 15.
diaeta, 32. doleo, 12. elegans, 14.
Diana, 3. dolor, 14. elegantia, 13.
dicax, 18. domi, 1. elegi, 11.
dico, 2. dominus, 26. eligo, 5.
dictito, 40. domnm. 7. eloquens, 13.
INDEX. 119
eloquenter, 13. exedo, 40. fama, 17.

erne ndo, 1. exemplar, 13. familiaris, 23.
emergo, 27. exemplum, 1. Fannia, 20.
emo. 6. exeo, 34. fas. 22.
emoveo, 40. exerceo, 5. fastigium, 22.
enim, 2. exercitatio, 5. fateor, 8.
enoto, 3. exercitatus, 14. fatidicus, 34.
eo, abl. of is, 1. exhibeo, 22. fauces, 26.
eo (verb), 7. exigo, 36. favor, 17.
eodem, 32. exilio, 27. femina, 20.
epistula, 26. eximius, 20. fenestra, 30.
epulum, 23. eximo. 7- fera, 2.
eques, 11. existimo, 20. fere, 9.
equidem, 9. exitus, 10. fero, 3.
equus, 3i>. expedio, 27. ferrum, 20.
erat, impf. of experimeutum, 28. ferus, 19.
sum, 1. experior, 3. fervens, 26.
ergo, 6. explico, 5. festino, 23.
eripio, 7. exprimo, 8. festus, 32.
erro, 1. exsequiae, 10. fictus, 13.
erudite, 31. exsequor, 16. fidelis, 26.
eruditio, 35. exsisto, 18. tides, 26.
eruditus, 8. exspectatio, 21. tiducia, 18.
est, 3 sing. pres. exspecto, 45. figura, 5.
of sum, 1. exstruo, 23. filia,23.
et, 1. extendo, 2. Alius, 6.
etiam, 3. extentus, 26. fingo, 27.
Euphrates, 1. exterreo, 39. finio, 14.
evado, 21. extinguo, 44. finis, 9.
eveho, 38. extorqueo, 13. fio, 2.
evenio, 15. extraho, 20. tirmus, 22.
eventus, 16. extremus, 30. Hamma, 40.
evigilo, 30. flecto, 27.
evolvo, 9. fabula, 9. fleo, 22.
exanimis, 26. facete, 12. floreo, 1.
excandesco, 18. facies, 1. floridus, 33.
excedo, 13. facio, 2. fiumen, 27.
excerpo, 7. factum, 16. foedus, 16.
excipio, 11. facultas, 5. fons, 2.
excito, 3. Fadius, 8. foris, 20.
excuso, 10. fallo, 5. forma, 15.
excutio, 4"). falso. 44. Formianus, 26.
120 EOMAN LIFE.
formklo, 40. gemmeus, 33. bilaris, 23.

formidolosus, 42. gentilicias, 1 1. hinc, 32.
formo, 30. genus, 3. Hipponeusis, 27.
fortasse, 18. gesto, 30. Hispania, 42.
forte, 22. gloria, 12. historia, 14.
fortis, 18. gradus, 44. hodie, 31.
fortuitus, 1. (xiacchus, 15. homo, 1.
fortuna, 39. Graecia, 19. honestas, 10.
foveo, 10. Graecus, 5. honestus, 6.
frango, 22. grandis, 22. honor, 19.
frater, 4. gratia, 9. hora, 7.
fraximis, 34. gratiosus, 17. Horatius, 12.
fremitus, 7. gratulatio, 5. horrendus, 43.
frequens, 4. gratulor, 12. horreo, 42.
frequenter, 14. gratus, 6. horror, 1.
frequento, 10. gravis, 14. hortor, 21.
frigidus, 31. gravitas, 17. hue, 40.
frigus, 11. graviter, 1. humanitas, 1.
fructns, 8. grex, 32. humus. 32.
fruor, 5. gubernaculum, 39. Hyperides, 15.
frux, 19. gubernator, 39.
fuga, 39. gula, 24. iaceo, 7.
fugio, 5. gusto, 38. iactatio, 19.
fui, perf. of iam, 3.
sum, 1. habeo, 4. Iavolenus Priscus,
fulcio, 43. habitatio, 6. 11.
fulgor, 40. habitus, 41. ibi, 23.
fulgur, 32. hac, 36. idem, 13.
fultura, 31. hactenus, 5. identidem, 9.
fumus, 45. harena, 43. ideo, 42.
funebris, 10. harundo, 36. igitur, 24.
fungor, 10. haurio, 41. igneus, 43.
fuuus, 20. herba, 32. ignis, 39.
furor, 16. herbidus, 36. ignoro, 20.
furtim, 9. Hercule, 9. ignotus, 8.
futurus, fut. part. hesternus, 20. ilia,36.
of sum, 1. heus, 25. illaesus, 41.
hibernus, 15. ille, 1.
Galba, 21. hie (adv.), 6. illic, 41.

gaudeo, 16. hie (pron.), 1. illo, 33.
gaudium, 33. hieins, 7. illuc, 39.
gelidus, 33. hi! are, 25. illunis, 44.
INDEX. 121
illustris, 10. ineptus. 31. interficio, 28.

imago, 22. inerro, 3. interim, 11.
imitatio, 5. iners, 15. intermissus, 32.
immaturus, 14. inertia, 3. interpellatio, 30.
immineo, 39. infans, 44. interpreter, 44.
iuimo, 5. infantia, 6. interrogo, 20.
immobilis, 26. infero, 27. intersum, 6.
immodicus, 17. infigo, 15. intervenio, 30.
immortalis, 14. infundo, 39. intra, 40.
impatienter, 12. ingenium, 9. intro. 4.
impello, 27. ingens, 1. intueor, 3S.
impendo, 6. ingravesc". 21. inusitatus, 3S.
imperator, 7. ingredior, 36. invado, 26.
imperfectus, 14. iniquus, 16. invalesco, 42.
imperium, 38. iniungo, 4. invalidus, 41.
impleo, 22. inlido, 36. inveho, 39.
implico, 27. inlitteratus, 29. invenio, 5.
impono, 40. innate, 36. invicem. 23.
improbus, 5. innitor, 41. invideo. 2.
imprudentia. 42. innutritus, 28. invito. 27.
impudentia, 17. inopinatus, 9. iocor, 4.
imputo, 45. inquam, 3. iocularis, IS.
in, 1. inquietus, 42. iocus, 11.
inanis, 1. insalubris, 33. ipse, 3.
incaute, 25. inscribe, 34. irascor, 1 8.
incendium, 40. insector, 1. irreligiosus, 23.

incertus, 38. insero, 32. irrepo, ]7.
inchoo, 1-4. insignia. 22. irrumpo. 42.
incido, 27. insifio, 2^. is, 1.
iucipio, 13. in-isto. 34. iste, 2.

incitamentuin, 3. inspicio, 1. ita. 9.
incolumis. 23. instanter, 44. Italicus, 8.
incredibilis, 23. insula, 36. itaque, '>.
inculco, 1-"). integer, 41. iter, 7.

hicuso, 44. intellegontia, 5. iterum, 30.
inde, 7. intellegu, 36. iubeo, 9.
indecorus. 17. intendo, 5. iucundus, 4.
indicium. 4.">. intente, 30. iu»lex, 16.
indico, 34. inter, 4. iudicium, 5.
indignor. 1>. interdum. 5. iudico, 2
induo, 41. interest, see Iulius, 16.
ineo, 16. intersum. fi. iuncus.
1
l
00
— — ROMAN LIFE.
iungo, 36. Laurentinus, 31. longius, comp. n.

iuro, 16. laurus, 33. of longus, 9.
ius, 11. laus, 4. longus, 9.
iustitia, 30. lautus, 24. loquor, 17.
iustus, 12. lavo, 26. lotus, see lavo. 26.
iuvenis, 4. lectio, 30. lubricus, 22.
iuvo, 9. lectito, 14. luctus, 20.
iuxta, 35. lector, 25. ludibrium, 18.
legatura, 21. ludificor, 45.
Kalendae, 38. lego, 5. ludo, 12.
lenio, 39. lumen, 32.
labor, 7. lente, 9. luridus, 45.
laboro, 1. lepos, 13. lustro, 36.
labrum, 21. lC-vis,22. loans, 27.
Lacedaemon, 19. levis, 40. lux, 7.
lacrima, 20. leviter, 32. luxuria, 24.
lactuca, 25. lex, 17. lymphatus, 45.
lacus, 2. libellus, 29. lyrica, 12.
laetor, 16. libenter, 20. lyristes, 25.
laeva, 2S. liber (adj.), 19. Lysias, 15.
laguncula, 3. liber (subst.), 7.
lancea, 3. liberalis, 1. maculosus, 38.
languidus, 43. liberalitas, 25. magis, 3.
lapis, 39. libere, 9. magistratus, 16.
laqueus, 2. liberi, 4. magnitudo, 15.
Largius Macedo, 26. libertas, 16. magnus, 2.
largus, 15. libertus, 24. maiestas, 17.
Larius, 2. libet, 30. maior, see
lassus, 13. Liburnica, 38. magnus, 2.
late. 22. licentia, 17. maius, see
lateo, 18. licet, 1. magnus, 2.
Latinus, 5. lignum, 32. male, 16.
latitudo, 3S. limen, 40. malo, 25.
lator, 17. linteum, 40. malum. 39.
laturus, fut. part. liquidus, 33. malus, 7.
of fero, 3. liquor, 33. maneo, 30.
latus (adj.), 32. lis, 10. manicae, 7.
latus (subst. ), 7. littera, 10. manifestus, 17.
laudabilis, 13. litus, 27. mansuetudo, 28.
laudatio, 10. locuples, 21. manus, 3.
laudator, 17. locus, 17. Marcus Tullius, 15.
laudo, 9. longe, 23. mare, 27.
INDEX. 123
margo. 34. minutus, 24. mundus. 44.

maritus, 20. mirabilis. 20. municeps, 6.
mater. 20. miraculum, 27. munimentum. 40.
materia, 10. mire, 30. munio, 7.
mature, 33. mirirkus, 11. munus, 10.
maxime, 1. miror, 13. munusculum, 35.
maximus, see mirus, 3. murmur, 32.
magnus, 2. misceo, 40. muto, 21.
meatus, 40. Misenum, 38 mutuus, 10.
medicus, 19. miser, 21. myrtus, 33.
Mediolanum. 6. miseratio, 28.
meditor, 3. miseror. 44. nam. 2.
medius. 7. mitis, 20. narro, 8.
melior, see mitto, 13. nascor, 6.
bonus. 5. mobilis, 3 uatalis, 6.
melius, see mobilitas, 12. nato, 27.
bene, 5. moderatus, 17- natura, 13.
memento, imp^rat. modestia, 17. navigabilis, 27.
of memini, 17. modicus, 28. navigo, 27.
memini, 17. modo, 10. n avis, 36.
memorabilis, '22. modus, 13. ne, 7.
memoria, 7. molestus, '_
-ne. 2.
Menander. 13. mollis, 12. nebula. 45.
mensis, 9. molliter, 19. nee, 1.
mentior, 13. momentum. 35. necessarius, 23.
mentitus, 44. moneo, 28. necesse, 22.
merces, 6. mons, 3. necessitas. 33.
mergo, 27. mora, 16. necnon, 28.
meridies, 33. niorior, 21. 'neglego, 36.
merus, 19. moror, 6. nego. 2.
metuo. 4<>. mors, 14. negotium, 2.
metus, 39. mortalitas. 22. nemo, 9.
meus, 3. mortifere, 20. nemorosus, 34.
milito, 1. mos, 13. Nepos, 16.
mille, 16. motus, 3. neptis, 20.
mim iambi, 13. moveo, 21. nequam, 21.
Minerva, 3. mox, 21. nequaquam, 45.
minime, 24. mulier, 26. neque, see nee, 1.
minor, see mulsum, 25. ne ... quidem, see
parvus, 6. multo, 9. ne, 7.
minuo, 28. multum, 31. Xero, 14.
minus, 10. multus, 1. nescio, 10.
124 ROMAN LIFE.
neuter. 28. nunc, 1. olea. 33.

nexus, 2. nnntio, 9. oliva. 25.
niger, 39. nuntius. 14. omitto, 14.
nihil. .").
nuper, B. omnino, 3.
nihilum. 42. nuptiae, 31. omnis, 2.
nimis, 17. nusquam, 25. oneraria, 36.
nimium, 26. nuto, 40. onerosus, 24.
nimius, 13. nutrio, 33. opacus, 34.
nisi, 4. operio, 20.
nitesco, 32. 0, 31. opinius, 24.
nitidus, 33. ol», 16. opinio, 20.
nix, 15. obduco, 45. oportet, 5.
nomen, 13. obeo, 10. oppidum, 23,
non, 1. ohlido, 45. oppleo, 40.
nondum, 34. obligo, 10. oppono, 15.
Xonianus, 9. obnoxius, 26. opportune, 6.
nonnullus. .">.
obscurus, 20. opportunitas, 32.
nonnumquara, 17. observo, 35. opportnnns, 30.
nonus, 38. obsideo, 27. optimus, see bonus,
noris = noveris obsto, 39. opus, 12. [5.
from nosco, 3. obstrepo, 32. opusculum, 5.
nos, 8. obstringo, 10. ora, 33.
noscito, 44. obstruo, 41. oratio, 15.
nosco, 3. obsum, 5. orator, 5.
nosse = novisse,perf. ubtero, 44. orbis, 27.
inf. of nosco, 3. obversor, 16. orbitas, 20.
noster, 1. obvius, 32. ordo. 4.
nosti, 2 sing. perf. occasio, 31. oriens, 32.
of nosco, 3. occidens, 32. orior. 35.
notabdis, 11. occido, 14. ornamentum, 10.
notarius. 7. occisus, see ornate. 1.
notus, 5. occido, 14. orno, 13.
novissime, 35. occulte, 2S. oro, 39.
novus, 2. occupatio, 2. os, 26.
nox, 40. occurro, 27. ostendo, 13.
nubes, 38. occurso, 45. ostento, 9.
nubilus, 44. occursus, 1. Ostiensis, 32.
nullus, 1. octogesimus. 22. ostreum, 25.
nunien, 34. oculus, 19. otiosus. 9.
numero, 10. odor, 41. otiuni, 7.
numerus, 30. offensus, 14. ovis, 32.
ntunqnam, 2. officium, 7. ovum. 25.
INDEX. 125
pactio, 16. peregre, 6. Plautinus, 13.

paene, 20. perennis, 33. plenus, 1.
paenitet. 31. pereo, 7. plerique, 9.
palain, 17. perfero, 27. plerumque, 10.
palatium, 9. periicio, 14. Pliuius, S.
palus, 33. pertidus, 21. plurimus, see
panarium, 3. perfodio, 20. multus, 1.
par, 1. perfungor, 22. plus, see multus, 1.
parens. 9. periculum, 12. poena, 25.

pareo, 44. perimo, 26. poeta, 9.
paries. 32. peritus, 15. Pollio, 15.
pario, 13. periurus, 21. Pompouianus, 39.
pariter, 36. perlego, 36. pondus, 22.
paro, 5. permaneo, 9. pono, 24.
pars. 7. permitto, 15. populus, 34.
parum, 22. permultus, 36. populus, 22.
parvus. 6. perpetuitas. 37. porrigo, 20.
Passennus Paullus, persaepe, 20. porro, 10.
11. persequor, 41. porticus, 33.
passus, 32. persevero, 45. portus, 10.
pater, 6. persona, 21. posco, 18.
patesco, 32. persono, 32. possum, 2.
patientia, 42. persuadeo, 30. post, 7.
patior, 16. pertineo, 4. postea, 38.
patria, 6. pertrect'». 28. posteri, 14.
patronus, 23. pervigilo, 40. posteritas, 22.
pauci, S. pestilens, 33. posterus, 27.
paulatim. 35. peto, 19. postpono, 23.
pan linn, 30. philosophia, 29. postquam, 21.
paveo, 36. philosophna, 1. postremo, 15.
pavimentum, 22. pictura, 15. postulo, 17.
pavor, 43. pigre, 9. potissimum, (l.
pectus, 20. pingo, 33. potissinius, 41.

pecunia, 6. pinus, 38. poto, 35.
pecus, 36. piscis. 2. praebc. 10.
peiero, 21. piscor. 2. praocedo, 27.
penitus, 1. Piso, 21. praeceptor, 4.
pensito, 5. pins, 10. praecipio, 1.
per, 21. placeo, 15. praecipiu". 22.
perago. 2. placidns, 33. praecipuus, 10
perambulo, 36. plane, 12. praeclarus. 20.
perdo, 7. planus, 43. praedium, 23.
126 ROMAN LIFE.
praefatio, 9. proinde, 3. purus, 33.

praefero, 43. promitto, 16. puto, I.
praemium, 10. promo, 29.
Praenestinus, 33. promoveo, 36. ([uadriremis, 39.
praenuntius, 41. promptus, 14. quaero, 4.
praeparo, 22. prope, 9. quaestio, 35.
praepono, 33. pi'opero, 39. (juaestor, 17.
praesens, 34. Propertius, 11. qualis, 44.
praesideo, 16. propinquus, 12. quam, 3.
praesto, 6. propior, 3. quamquam, 13.
praeterea, 5. propono, 16. quamvis, 14.
praetexta, 34. proprietas, 5. quando, 1.
praetextatus, 6. propter, 40. quandoque, 13.
praetor, 16. proripio, 44. quantulus, 6.
praetorius, 26. prorogo, 21. quantas, 4.
praevaleo, 16. prorumpo, 20. quare, 6.
praevaricatio, 15. prosequor, 14. quartus, 30.
pratum, 32. prosocer, 36. quasi, 2.
pravus, 18. prospecto, 27. quasso, 43.
precor, 44. prospere, 16. -que, 1.
premo, 43. prospicio, 33. quemadmodum, 5.
pretiosus, 32. prosum, 7. queror, 9.
prex, 17. prout, 16. qui (adv.), 24.
primum, 8. proveho, 10. qui (pron.), 1.
primus. 5. proventus. 9. quia, 5.
princeps, 18. provideo, 11. quicumque, 32.
prior, 2. provincia, 19. quid, 21.
priscus, 34. provincialis, 8. fjuidam, 8.
prius, 16. proxime, 4. quidem, 3.
privatus, 22. proximus, see quies, 3.
pro, 12. propior, 3. quiesco, 20.
proavus, 33. prudentia, 43. quin, 15.
probitas, 13. publice, 11. quintus, 30.
probo, 9. publicus, 16. quiritatus, 44.
procedo, 17. pudor, 5. quis, 4.
proceritas, 1 puer, 6. quisquam, 9.
procul, 33. pugillaris, 3. quisque, 9.
procurro, 17. pugio, 20. quisquis, 16.
produco, 43. pulcher, 3. quo, 18.
profectio, 23. pulchritudo, 15. quocumque, 33.
profero, 9. pulpitum, 18. quod (couj.), 3.
proficiscor, 42. pumex, 39. quod (rel.), see qui,l
INDEX. 12"
quoque, 7. reliuquo, 14. rivus, 33.

quot, 26. reliquus, 7. rogo, 9.
qnotidie, 14. reluceo, 40. Roma, 7.
quoties, 20. relucesco, 45. Romania s, 11.
quotus, 17. remaneo, 42. rota, 36.
quotusquisque, remedium, 17. Rufinus, 8.
see quotus. 17. remissus, 26. ruina, 39.
quousque, 21. remitto, 5. rumpo, 43.
repello, 43. ruo, 44.
ramus, 38. repente, 17. rursus, 27.
raro, 30. repentinus, 14.
rarus, 44. repeto, 7. sacellum, 34.
ratio, 23. reporto, 3. sacer, 19.
recedo, 9. reposco, 9. saeculum, 10.
recens, 11. repreheudo, 16. saepe, 7.
reciperatorius, 17 repreheusio, 17. saevus, 26.
recipio, 12. reprimo, 16. salubris, 33.
recitatio, 9. reputo, 31. salubritas, 33.
recitator, 9. requiro, 8. salubriter, 33.
recito, 9. res, 5. salus, 12.
recordatio. 31. resido, 39. saluto, 6.
recordor, 19. residuus, 19. salvus, 32.
recreo, 26. resorbeo, 43. sanctitas, 1.
recubo, 41. respicio, 15. sane, 9.
recumbo, 8. respondeo, 6. sanitas, 11.
recte, 16. respublica, 28. sanus, 11.
Rectina. 39. respuo, 33. sarcina, 39.
rectus, 31. resumo, 4. sarcinula, 23.
reddo, 7. retardo, 9. satio, 20.
redeo, 4. rete, 3. satis, 30.
redormio, 30. retineo. 17. satius, see satis, 30.
reduco, 28. retro, 39. Saturnalia, 32.
reductor, 10. revereor, 1. saxum, 35.
refero, 4. reverto and rever- scaena, 18.
reficio, 33. tor, 7. scelerate, 21.
reformido, 1. revoco, 27. scelus, 26.
regio, 33. reus, 16. schola, 4.
rego, 19. rideo, 3. scilicet, 24.
regredior, 45. ridiculus, il. scio, 18.
Regulus, 21. rigor, 34. scribo, 5.
relego, 14. ripa, 34. scriptum, 37.
religiosus, 34. risus, 11. scrutor, 35.
128 ROMAN LIFE.
scurriliter, 18.
INDEX. 129
sui (pron.), 4.
130 ROMAN LIFE.
una, 6. velox, 30. vetus, 2.

unde, 39. velut, 36. via, 23.
undique, 3. venabulum, 3. viaticum, 6.
ungo, 30. venatio. .'i. vibro, 43.
unus, 1. venatus, 33. vicinitas, 32.
urbanus, 18. veneo, 16. vicinus, 23.
urbs, 1. venerabilis. 19. vicis, 10.
usque, 33. veneratio, 1. victor, 27.
usus, 14. venia, 33. video, 8.
ut, 2. venio, 6. vigeo, 9.
utcumque, 14. venor, 2. vilis, 24.
uterque, 8. ventus, 36. villa, 26.
utilis, 5. venuste, 13. villula. 32.
utinaru, 32. Verania, 21. vinco, 19.
utor, 13. verbevo, 26. vindico, 26.
uxor, 30. verbum, 5. vinum, 2.
vere, 12. vir, 5.
vaco, 7. verecundia. 20. virilis, 31.
vacuus, 3. vereor, 17. virtus, 13.
Vadimonis, 30. Vergilius Romanus, vis, 5.
vadimonium, 10. lo. vita, 1.
vadum, 39. Verginius Rums, 22. vitium. 1.
vagor, 40. Veritas, 14. vito, 24.

valeo, 12. vernus, 32. vitreus, 34.
valetudo, 12. vero, 11. vivo, 14.
vanesco, 38. versor, 22. vivus, 26.
vanitas, 16. verto, 5. vix, 44.
vanus, 22. verum (conj.), 11. voco, 22.
varietas, 12. veruni (subst.), 8. volo, 15.
varius, 1. verus, 10. volumen, 15.
vastus, 40. vescor, 35. voluptas, 8.
vaticinatio, 45. Vespasianus, 7. vox, 20.
-ve, 30. vespera, 30. vulgus, 43.
vehementer, 6. vester, 6. vultus, 20.
vehiculum, 30. vestigium, 22. vulva, 25.
veho, 7. vestio, 34.
vel, 9. Vesuvius, 38. xystus, 30.
Velleius Blaesus ,21. veto, 16.
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THE COPP CLARK COMPANY, Ltd.,

9 Front St. West, TORONTO

Cambridge DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.

Tales from the Cyropaedia of Xenophon, with Vocabu-

London : MACMILLAN AND CO.

ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF BEGINNERS

With Vocabulary and Notes

The Advocate and Politician, - - - - 13

Social and Domestic Life, - - 20

Specimens of As, "2-2

Caldaricm of Baths at Pompeii, - - - 27

Lyre and Wine Jar. 31

Thf; Letters of Th'nv are anions the most interestinL r

records we have of Roman life in the first century

He first appeared as a pleader about a year after his

pearing as an advocate before the Court of the

celebrated cases. He possessed considerable wealth

slab from the building, bearing an inscription to bis

picture that, happily, differs very much from that

elder Plinv is crabbed and obscure. Indeed, the

(Latinity of the epistles cannot fairly be called inferior

explained in the Vocabulary on its first occurrence.

and also from Church and Brodribb's Select Letters.

THE MAX OF LETTERS.

Si quando urbs nostra liberalibus studiis floruit,

nunc maxime floret.

Reverearis occursum, non reformides.

Vitae sanctitas summa, comitas par.

2. Country Leisure and Town Occupations.

Studes an piscaris an venaris an simul omnia 1

Possunt enim omnia simul fieri ad Larium nostrum.

3. A Man of Letters at a Boar Hunt.

Ridebis et licet rideas.

Ego ille, quern nosti, apros tres et eos quidem pul-

Ipse ; non tainen ut omnino ab inertia mea et

Meditabar aliquid enotabamque, ut, si manus

Experieris non Dianam magis montibus quam

Quid a te mihi iucundius potuit iniungi, quam ut

Nam beneficio tuo in scholam redeo, et illam dul-

5. Translation as a mean* of Education.

Quaeris quemadmodum in secessu, quo iam diu

cuncta ille melius.

Nam minim est at his opusculis animus intendatur,

6. Advantages of Home Education.

Proxime, cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me salu-

tandum municipis mei filius praetextatus.

Et pater eius (erat enim una atque etiam ipse

Ubi enim aut iucundius morarentur quam in patria,

gratius patriae potestis.

Avunculus meus ante lucem ibat ad Vespasianum

Reversus domum, quod reliquum temporis, studiis

Writing-Tablets, Inkstand, Reed Pen, and Manuscript Roll.

Ad latus notarius cum libro et pugillaribus, cuius

quidem asperitas uiluni studiis tempus eriperet ;

Memoria repeto, me correptum ab eo cur ambul-

Numquam maiorem cepi voluptatem, quam nuper

Exprimere non possum quam sit iucundum mihi,

Accidit aliud ante paucos dies simile.

Multa deinde de scudiis nostris.

Verum fatebor, capio magnum laboris mei fruc-

Magnum proventum poetarum annus hie attulit.