Ideal Tutorials

Similarity Revision Test

Mathematics
Class : X

Roll No. : Time - 01:30

Date : MM - 60

1. In the adjoining figure, ABC is a right-angled triangle with ∠BAC = 90° 4

(i) Prove that ∆ADB ~ ∆CDA.

(ii) If BD = 18 cm and CD = 8 cm, find AD.
(iii) Find the ratio of the area of ∆ADB and area of ∆CDA.

Ans :

Proof: (i) In ∆ADB and ∆CDA,

∠1 = ∠2 [Each 90°]
∠4 + ∠5 = 90°
and ∠3 + ∠4 = 90°
So, ∠4 + ∠5 = ∠3 + ∠4
⇒ ∠5 = ∠3
So, ∆ADB ~ ∆CDA [AA similarity] Hence proved.
(ii) BD = 18 cm, CD = 8 cm
∆ADB ~ ∆CDA
⇒

Now,

⇒ AD2 = 18 × 8 = 144
⇒ AD = ⇒ AD = 12 cm

(iii)

2. In ∆ABC, D and E are points on sides AB and AC respectively such that DE | | BC. 4
(i) If AD = 2.5 cm, BD = 3 cm and AE = 3.75 cm, find AC.
(ii) If AD = 4x – 3, AE = 8x – 7, BD = 3x – 1 and CE = 5x – 3, find x.
Ans : (i) Using BPT,

⇒ EC = = 4.5 cm
∴ AC = AE + EC = 3.75 + 4.5 = 8.25 cm

(ii) Using BPT,

⇒
⇒ (4x – 3)(5x – 3) = (8x – 7)(3x – 1)
⇒ 20x2 – 12x –15x + 9 = 24x2 – 8x – 21x + 7
⇒ 0 = 4x2 – 2x – 2
or 2x2 – x – 1 = 0
⇒ 2x2 – 2x + x – 1 = 0
⇒ 2x(x – 1) + 1(x – 1) = 0
⇒ (x – 1)(2x + 1) = 0
⇒ 2x + 1 = 0 or x – 1 = 0
⇒ 2x = – 1 or x = 1
⇒x=– (rejected)
∴x=1

3. In the given figure, AD and CE are medians of ∆ABC. DF is drawn parallel to CE. Prove that 4
(i) EF = FB
(ii) AG : GD = 2 : 1
Ans : Proof:
(i) In ∆BCE, FD | | EC
[Using BPT]
But BD = DC [∵ D is the mid-point of BC]
∴1=
⇒ EF = BF Hence proved.
(ii) E is the mid-point of AB
∴ AE = EB = x (say)
Also, BF = EF =
In ∆ADF, DF | | EG
[Using BPT]

⇒
⇒ AG : GD = 2 : 1 Hence proved.

4. In the given figure, ABCD is a rhombus, DPR and CBR are straight lines. 4
Prove that: DP × CR = DC × PR

Ans : Proof: ∠1 = ∠3 [Alternate interior angles]

∠2 = ∠4 [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ ∆APD ~ ∆CPR [AA similarity]
⇒

...(i)

But AD = DC (Equal adjacent sides of a rhombus)

From (i), we get

⇒ DP × CR = DC × PR Hence proved.

5. In the given figure, FB = FD, AE ⊥ FD and FC ⊥ AD. 4

Prove that:
Ans : Proof: In ∆FDB,
FB = FD [Given]
⇒ ∠D = ∠B [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Now, in ∆FCB and ∆AED,
∠FCB = ∠AED [Each 90°]
∠B = ∠D [Proved above]
∴ ∆FCB ~ ∆AED [AA similarity]
⇒

⇒ Hence proved.

6. In the given figure, AB | | DE and BC | | EF. Prove that: 4

(i)
(ii) ∆DFG ~ ∆ACG

Ans :
[Using BPT] ...(i)

and [Using BPT] ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get

⇒ DF | | AC [By converse of BPT]

Now, ∠GDF = ∠GAC [Corresponding angles]
and ∠DFG = ∠ACG [Corresponding angles]
∴ ∆DFG ~ ∆ACG [AA similarity]

7. In the given figure, ∠ACB = 90°, CD bisects ∠BCA and DE ⊥ CA. 4

Prove that:
Ans : Proof: In ∆AED and ∆ACB
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠AED = ∠ACB [Each 90°]
∴ ∆AED ~ ∆ACB [AA similarity]
⇒

or Hence, proved.

8. In a trapezium ABCD, AD | | BC. Diagonals AC and BD intersect at O. If AO = (3x – 19) cm, BO 4

= (x – 3) cm, OC = (x – 5) cm and OD = 3 cm, find x.

Ans : In ∆AOB and ∆COD

∠1 = ∠2 [Alternate interior angles]
∠3 = ∠4 [Vertically opposite angles]

∴ ∆AOB ~ ∆COD [AA similarity]

⇒

⇒
⇒ 3(3x – 19) = (x – 5)(x – 3)
⇒ 9x – 57 = x2 – 3x – 5x + 15
⇒ 0 = x2 – 8x – 9x + 15 + 57
⇒ 0 = x2 – 17x + 72
or x2 – 17x + 72 = 0
⇒ x2 – 9x – 8x + 72 = 0
⇒ x(x – 9) – 8(x – 9) = 0
⇒ (x – 9)(x – 8) = 0
⇒ x – 9 = 0 or x – 8 = 0
⇒ x = 9 cm or x = 8 cm

9. In the given figure, ∠ABD = ∠CDB = ∠PQB = 90°. If AB = x units, CD = y units and PQ = z units, 4
prove that z = .
Ans :

10. In ∆ABC, AP : PB = 2 : 3. PO is parallel to BC and is extended to Q so that CQ is parallel to BA. 4

Find:

(i) area of ∆APO : area of ∆ABC

(ii) area of ∆APO : area of ∆CQO
Ans : Hence AP = 2x, then PB = 3x

AB = 2x + 3x = 5x
(i) In ∆APO and ∆ABC
∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠1 = ∠B [Corresponding angles]
∴ ∆APO ~ ∆ABC [AA similarity]

(ii) ∠A = ∠4 [Alternate interior angles]

∠2 = ∠3 [Vertical opposite angles]
∴ ∆AOP ~ ∆COQ [AA similarity]

11. In the given figure, ABC and CEF are two triangles where BA is parallel to CE and AF : AC = 5 : 4
8.

(i) Prove that ∆ADF ~ ∆CEF

(ii) Find AD, if CE = 6 cm.
(iii) If DF is parallel to BC, find area of ∆ADF : area of ∆ABC.
Ans :

Proof:
(i) ∠A = ∠3 [Alternate interior angles]
∠1 = ∠2 [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ ∆AFD ~ ∆CFE [AA similarity]
(ii)
Let AF = 5x, then AC = 8x
and FC = 8x – 5x = 3x
Now, [∵ ∆ADF ~ ∆CEF]

⇒ ⇒ AD = × 6 = 10 cm
(iii) ∠A = ∠A [Common]
∠4 = ∠B [Corresponding angles]
∴ ∆ADF ~ ∆ABC [AA similarity]

12. In the given figure, there are two isosceles triangles similar to each other. If PQ is not parallel to 4
BC, PC = 4 cm, AQ = 3 cm, QB = 12 cm and BC = 15 cm and AP = PQ. Calculate:
(i) AP (ii) ar(∆APQ) : ar(∆ABC)
Ans : (i) Triangles are isosceles therefore
AP = PQ and AB = BC

Let AP = PQ = x, then AC = AP + PC
⇒ AC = (x + 4) cm
From (i), we get

⇒ x2 + 4x = 45
⇒ x2 + 4x – 45 = 0
⇒ x2 + 9x – 5x – 45 = 0
⇒ x(x + 9) – 5(x + 9) = 0
⇒ (x + 9)(x – 5) = 0
⇒ x + 9 = 0 or x – 5 = 0
x = – 9 (rejected) or x = 5
∴ AP = 5 cm

(ii)

13. ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR. Also, ar(∆ABC) = 4 ar(∆PQR). If BC = 12 cm, find QR. 4

Ans :

14. On a map drawn of scale of 1 : 2,50,000, a rectangular plot of land ABCD has the following 4
measurements:
AB = 12 cm and BC = 16 cm,
∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90°. Calculate:
(i) the diagonal distance of the plot in km.
(ii) the area of the plot in sq. km.
Ans : In ∆ABC,
⇒ AC2 = AB2 + BC2 [Using Pythagoras Theorem]
⇒ AC2 = (12)2 + (16)2
⇒ AC2 = 144 + 256
⇒ AC2 = 400 ⇒ AC = 20 cm

Scale factor is k = 2,50,000

(i) Diagonal distance of the plot in km
= 2,50,000 × 20 cm
= km = 50 km

(ii) Area of the plot in sq. km = k2 × 12 × 16 cm2

= 2,50,000 × 2,50,000 × 12 × 16 cm2
= km2

15. A model of ship is made to a scale of 1 : 160. Find: 4

(i) the length of the ship, if the length of its model is 1.2 m.
(ii) the area of the deck of the ship, if the area of the deck of its model is 1.2 m2.
(iii) the volume of the ship, if the volume of its model is 1.2 m3.

Ans : (i) Length of the ship = 160 × 1.2 m = 160 × = 192 m

(ii) Area of deck of ship = 160 ×160 × 1.2 m2 = 30720 m2

(iii) Volume of ship = 160 × 160 × 160 × 1.2 m3 = 4915200 m3