DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE

CREATION OF TABLE:

SQL> create table student_3(eno number(5),ename varchar(20),eadd

varchar(20),eph number(10),sal number(10));

Table created.

SQL> desc student_3;

Name Null? Type

------------------------ --------- ----------------------------

ENO NUMBER(5)

ENAME VARCHAR(20)

EADD VARCHAR(20)

EPH NUMBER(10)

SAL NUMBER(10)

ALTERING A TABLE:

SQL> alter table student_3 add(email varchar(5));

Table altered:

SQL> desc student_3;

Name Null? Type

--------------------- -------- ----------------------------

ENO NUMBER(5)

ENAME VARCHAR(20)

EADD VARCHAR(20)

EPH NUMBER(10)

SAL NUMBER(10)

EMAIL VARCHAR(5)

MODIFYING A TABLE:

SQL> alter table student_3 modify(email varchar(20));

Table altered.

SQL> desc student_3;

Name Null? Type

---------------------- -------- ------------------

ENO NUMBER(5)

ENAME VARCHAR(20)

EPH NUMBER(10)

SAL NUMBER(10)

EMAIL VARCHAR(20)
DROPING A TABLE:

SQL> alter table student_3 drop(eadd);

Table altered.

SQL> desc student_3;

Name Null? Type

--------------------- -------- ----------------------------

ENO NUMBER(5)

ENAME VARCHAR(20)

EPH NUMBER(10)

SAL NUMBER(10)

EMAIL VARCHAR(5)

INSERTING VALUES INTO THE TABLE:

SQL> insert into student_3 values(&eno,'&ename',&eph,&sal,'&email');

Enter value for eno: 1

Enter value for ename: kripa

Enter value for eph: 6977349637

Enter value for sal: 24000

Enter value for email: kri@gmail.com

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&eno,'&ename',&eph,&sal,'&email')

new 1: insert into student_3

values(1,'kripa',6977349637,24000,'kri@gmail.com');

1 row created.
SQL> /

Enter value for eno: 2

Enter value for ename: Malu

Enter value for eph: 3945678923

Enter value for sal: 25000

Enter value for email: malu@gmail.com

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&eno,'&ename',&eph,&sal,'&email')

new 1: insert into student_3

values(2,'Malu',3945678923,25000,'malu@gmail.com');

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for eno: 3

Enter value for ename: vidya

Enter value for eph: 9896733883

Enter value for sal: 30000

Enter value for email: vid@gmail.com

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&eno,'&ename',&eph,&sal,'&email')

new 1: insert into student_3 values(2, 'vidya', 9896733883

,30000,'vid@gmail.com');

1 row created.
SQL> /

Enter value for eno: 4

Enter value for ename: pavithra

Enter value for eph: 8786543453

Enter value for sal: 52000

Enter value for email: pavi@gmail.com

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&eno,'&ename',&eph,&sal,'&email')

new 1: insert into student_3

values(4,'pavithra',8786543453,52000,'pavi@gmail.com');

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for eno: 5

Enter value for ename: fakir

Enter value for eph: 9786432165

Enter value for sal: 34000

Enter value for email: far@gmail.com

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&eno,'&ename',&eph,&sal,'&email')

new 1: insert into student_3 values(5,'fakir',9786432165,34000,'far@gmail.com');

1 row created.

SQL> select *from student_3;

ENO ENAME EPH SAL EMAIL

-------- -------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------------------

1 kripa 6977349637 24000 kri@gmail.com

2 Malavica 3945678923 25000 malu@gmail.com

3 vidya 9896733883 30000 vid@gmail.com

4 pavithra 8786543453 52000 pavi@gmail.com

5 fakir 9786432165 34000 farh@gmail.com

SQL> update student_3 set email='NULL';

5 rows updated.

SQL> select *from student_3;

ENO ENAME EPH SAL EMAIL

---------- -------------- ---------------------- ---------- ---------------

1 kripa 6977349637 24000 NULL

2 Malavica 3945678923 25000 NULL

3 vidya 9896733883 30000 NULL

4 pavithra 8786543453 52000 NULL

5 fakir 9786432165 34000 NULL

SQL> update student_3 set sal='50000' where ename='vidya';

1 row updated.

SQL> select *from student_3;

ENO ENAME EPH SAL EMAIL

---------- -------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------------

1 kripa 6977349637 24000 NULL

2 Malavica 3945678923 25000 NULL

3 vidya 9896733883 50000 NULL

4 pavithra 8786543453 52000 NULL

5 fakir 9786432165 34000 NULL

CREATING A STUDENT TABLE:

SQL> create table student_3(regno number(10),name varchar(5),m1 number(7),m2

number(9),total number(10));

Table created.

SQL> desc student_3;

Name Null Type

------------------- -------- ----------------------------

REGNO NUMBER(10)

NAME VARCHAR(5)

M1 NUMBER(7)

M2 NUMBER(9)

TOTAL NUMBER(10)

INSERTING VALUES TO THE TABLE:

SQL> insert into student_3 values(&regno,'&name',&m1,&m2,&total);

Enter value for regno: 1

Enter value for name: Monica

Enter value for m1: 69

Enter value for m2: 39

Enter value for total: 0

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&regno,'&name',&m1,&m2,&total)

new 1: insert into student_3 values(1,'Monica',69,39,0)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for regno: 2

Enter value for name: Malu

Enter value for m1: 78

Enter value for m2: 67

Enter value for total: 0

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&regno,'&name',&m1,&m2,&total)

new 1: insert into student_3 values(2,'Malu',86,75,0)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for regno: 3

Enter value for name: Kripa

Enter value for m1: 96

Enter value for m2: 46

Enter value for total: 0

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&regno,'&name',&m1,&m2,&total)

new 1: insert into student_3 values(3,'Kripa',96,46,0)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for regno: 4

Enter value for name: Vidhya

Enter value for m1: 77

Enter value for m2: 49

Enter value for total: 0

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&regno,'&name',&m1,&m2,&total)

new 1: insert into student_3 values(4,'Vidhya',77,49,0)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for regno: 5

Enter value for name:Vishali

Enter value for m1: 59

Enter value for m2: 48

Enter value for total: 0

old 1: insert into student_3 values(&regno,'&name',&m1,&m2,&total)

new 1: insert into student_3 values(5,'Vishali',59,48,0)

1 row created.

SQL> select *from student_3;

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 Monica 69 39 0

2 Malu 78 67 0

3 Kripa 96 46 0

4 Vidhya 77 49 0

5 Vishali 59 48 0

SQL> update student_3 set total = NULL;

5 rows updated.

SQL> select *from student_3;

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 Monica 69 39

2 Malu 78 67

3 Kripa 96 46

4 Vidhya 77 49

5 Vishali 59 48

ARITHMETIC OERATIONS
ADDITION:

SQL> select regno,m1,m2,m1+m2 as total from student_3;

REGNO M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 69 39 189

2 78 67 163

3 96 46 2

4 77 49 167

5 59 48 30

SUBRACTION:

SQL> select regno,name,m1,m2,(m1+m2)-5 as reduction from student_3;

REGNO NAME M1 M2 REDUCTION

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------

1 Monica 69 39 184

2 Malu 78 67 58

3 Kripa 96 46 107

4 Vidhya 77 49 162

5 Vishali 59 48 158

MULTIPLICATION:
SQL> select regno,name,m1,m2,(m1+m2)/200*100 as percentage from student_3;

REGNO NAME M1 M2 PERCENTAGE

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------

1 Monica 69 39 94.5

2 Malu 78 67 48

3 Kripa 96 46 53.5

4 Vidhya 77 49 81

5 Vishali 59 48 92.5

DIVISION:

SQL> select regno,name,m1,m2,(m1+m2)/2 as average from student_3;

REGNO NAME M1 M2 AVERAGE

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- -------------------

1 Monica 69 39 92

2 Malu 78 67 48

3 Kripa 96 46 53.5

4 Vidhya 77 49 81

5 Vishali 59 48 92.5

LOGICAL OPERATOR

AND OPERATOR:
SQL> select regno,name,m1,m2 from student_3 where m1>70 and m2>40;

REGNO NAME M1 M2

---------- --------------- ---------- ----------

1 Monica 69 39

2 Malu 78 67

4 Vidhya 77 49

5 Vishali 59 48

OR OPERATOR:

SQL> select regno,name,m1,m2 from student_3 where m1>70 or m2>49;

REGNO NAME M1 M2

---------- --------------- ---------- ----------

1 Monica 69 39

2 Malu 78 67

4 Vidhya 77 49

5 Vishali 59 48

NOT BETWEEN OPERATOR:

SQL> select regno,name,m1 from student_3 where m1 not between 70 and 80;

REGNO NAME M1

---------- --------------- ----------

1 Monica 69

2 Malu 78

3 Kripa 96

5 Vishali 59

BETWEEN OPERATOR:

SQL> select regno,name,m1 from student_3 where m1 between 70 and 80;

REGNO NAME M1

---------- --------------- ----------

4 Vidhya 77

FUNCTIONS

AVERAGE(M1):
SQL> select avg(m1) from student_3;

AVG(M1)

----------

58

AVERAGE(M2):

SQL> select avg(m2) from student_3;

AVG(M2)

----------

48

MINIMUM:

SQL> select min(m1) from student_3;

MIN(M1)

-------------

96

MAXIMUM:

SQL> select max(m2) from student_3;

MAX(M2)

----------

39

COUNT:

SQL> select count(*) "No of student_3s" from student_3;

No of student_3s

--------------
 5

MINIMUM:

SQL> select min(m1),min(m2) from student_3;

MIN(M1) MIN(M2)

------------ ------------

96 46

SUM(M1):

SQL> select sum(m1) "Total of mark1" from student_3;

Total of mark1

------------------

425

SUM(M2):

SQL> select sum(m2) "Total of mark2" from student_3;

Total of mark2

-------------------

369

STRING FUNCTION

LOWER:
SQL> select lower(name) from student_3;

LOWER(NAME)

---------------------

monica

malu

kripa

vidhya

vishali

UPPER:

SQL> select upper(name) from student_3;

UPPER(NAME)

--------------------

MONICA

MALU

KRIPA

VIDHYA

VISHALI

INITCAP:

SQL> select initcap(name) from student_3;

INITCAP(NAME)

----------------------
Monica

Malu

Kripa

Vidhya

Vishali

SUBSCRIPT:

SQL> select substr('MOP VAISHNAV COLLEGE',5,8) from dual;

SUBSTR('

----------------

VAISHNAV

LENGTH:

SQL> select length('Chennai') from dual;

LENGTH('CHENNAI')

----------------------------

RTRIM:

SQL> select rtrim('bombay','i') from dual;

RTRIM

----------
Mumba

LTRIM:

SQL> select ltrim('bombay','M') from dual;

LTRIM

----------

umbai

REVERSE:

SQL> select reverse('Malavica') from dual;

REVERSE(

---------------

acivalaM

NUMERIC FUNCTION

MULTIPLICATION:
SQL> select 3*3 from dual;

3*3

----------

ADDITION:

SQL> select 3+3 from dual;

3+3

----------

ABSOLUTE:

SQL> select abs(-49) from dual;

ABS(-49)

--------------

49

POWER:

SQL> select power(4,2) from dual;

POWER(4,2)

-----------------

16

ROUND:

SQL> select round(17.3450) from dual;

ROUND(17.3450)

-----------------------

17

SQUARE ROOT:

SQL> select sqrt(16) from dual;

SQRT(16)

----------

GREATEST NUMBER:

SQL> select greatest(17,33,40,58) from dual;

GREATEST(17,33,40,58)

--------------------------------

58

LEAST NUMBER:

SQL> select least(17,33,40,58) from dual;

LEAST(17,33,40,58)

--------------------------

17

FLOOR:

SQL> select floor(1.25) from dual;

FLOOR(1.25)

-------------------

ABSOLUTE(M1):

SQL> select abs(m1) from student_3;

ABS(M1)

69

78

96

77

59

POWER:

SQL> select power(m1,2) from student_3;

POWER(M1,2)

-------------------

9216

7569

4356

5929

9801

ROUND(M1,M2):

SQL> select round((m1+m2)/200*100,1) from student_3;

ROUND((M1+M2)/200*100,1)

---------------------------------------

92

48

53.5

81

92.5

DATE FUNCTION:

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE

29-NOV-18

SQL> select add_months(sysdate,4) from dual;

ADD_MONTH

-------------------

29-MAR-3

SQL> select sysdate,last_day(sysdate) from dual;

SYSDATE LAST_DAY(

-------------- -------------------

29-NOV-18 30-NOV-18

SQL> select months_between('24-may-203','24-aug-2018') from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN('24-MAY-203','24-AUG-2018')

--------------------------------------------------------------------
 9

SQL> select next_day(sysdate,'thursday') from dual;

NEXT_DAY(

------------------

06-DEC-18

STRING PADDING

RPAD:
SQL> select rpad(name,10,'#') from student_3;

RPAD(NAME,10,'#')

--------------------------

Monica####

Malu######

Kripa#####

Vidhya####

Vishali###

RTRIM:

SQL> select rtrim (name,'*') from student_3;

RTRIM(NAME,'*')

-----------------------

Monica

Malu

Kripa

Vidhya

Vishali

RTRIM:

SQL> select rtrim (name,'#') from student_3;

RTRIM(NAME,'#')

-----------------------

Monica

Malu

Kripa

Vidhya

Vishali

PATTERN WATCHING:

SQL> select *from student_3 where name like 'K%';

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

3 Kripa 96 46

SQL> select *from student_3 where name like 'V%';

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

4 Vidhya 77 49

5 Vishali 59 48

SQL> select *from student_3 where name like '_i%';

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

3 Kripa 96 46

PREDICATORS(IN):

SQL> select *from student_3 where m1 in(97,96,59);

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 Monica 69 39

3 Kripa 96 46

5 Vishali 59 48

SQL> select *from student_3 where name in('Monica','Malu','Kripa');

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 Monica 69 39

2 Malu 78 67

3 Kripa 96 46

PREDICATORS(NOT IN):

SQL> select *from student_3 where m1 not in (69,96);

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

2 Malu 78 67

4 Vidhya 77 49

5 Vishali 59 48

SQL> select *from student_3 where name not in ('Monica');

REGNO NAME M1 M2 TOTAL

---------- --------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

2 Malu 78 67

3 Kripa 96 46

4 Vidhya 77 49

5 Vishali 59 48

PL-SQL

PROCEDURE:
SQL> set serveroutput on;

SQL> create or replace procedure add49(x in number,y in number) is z number;

2 begin

3 z:=x+y;

4 dbms_output.put_line('Sum is '||z);

5 dbms_output.put_line('Name: Malavica');

6 dbms_output.put_line('Regno: 17375803');

7 end;

8 /

Procedure created.

SQL> execute add49(323,234)

OUTPUT:

Sum is 4357

Name: Malavica

Regno: 17375803

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PROCEDURE:
SQL> set serveroutput on;

SQL> create or replace procedure add949(A in number,B in number,C out

number,D out number) is

2 begin

3 C:=A+B;

4 D:=A-B;

5 end;

6 /

Procedure created.

SQL> declare

2 x number;

3 y number;

4 z number;

5 w number;

6 begin

7 x:=&x;

8 y:=&y;

9 add949(x,y,z,w);

10 dbms_output.put_line('Sum is '||x);

1 dbms_output.put_line('Diff is '||y);

2 dbms_output.put_line('Name: Malavica');

3 dbms_output.put_line('Regno: 17375803');

4 end;
5 /

OUTPUT:

Enter value for x: 49

old 7: x:=&x;

new 7: x:=49;

Enter value for y: 60

old 8: y:=&y;

new 8: y:=60;

Sum is 49

Diff is 60

Name: Malavica

Regno: 17375803

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SUM OF TWO NUMBERS

PROCEDURE:
SQL> set serveroutput on;

SQL> declare i number;

2 j number;

3 s number;

4 begin

5 i:=&i;

6 j:=&j;

7 s:=i+j;

8 dbms_output.put_line('Sum of i and j='||s);

9 dbms_output.put_line('Name:Malavica');

10 dbms_output.put_line('Regno:17375803');

1 end;

2 /

OUTPUT:

Enter value for i: 789

old 5: i:=&i;

new 5: i:=789;

Enter value for j: 978

old 6: j:=&j;

new 6: j:=978;

Sum of i and j=1767

Name: Malavica

Regno: 17375803
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SUM OF 3 NUMBERS

PROCEDURE:

SQL> set serveroutput on;

SQL> declare i number;

2 j number;

3 k number;

4 s number;

5 begin

6 i:=&i;

7 j:=&j;

8 k:=&k;

9 s:=i+j+k;

10 dbms_output.put_line('Sum of i ,j,k='||s);

1 dbms_output.put_line('Name: Malavica');

2 dbms_output.put_line('Regno: 17375803');

3 end;

4 /

OUTPUT:

Enter value for i: 500

old 6: i:=&i;

new 6: i:=500;

Enter value for j: 700

old 7: j:=&j;

new 7: j:=700;

Enter value for k: 490

old 8: k:=&k;

new 8: k:=490;

Sum of i ,j,k=2100

Name: Malavica

Regno: 17375803

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER

PROCEDURE:
SQL> set serveroutput on;

SQL> declare a number;

2 b number;

3 c number;

4 begin

5 a:=&a;

6 b:=&b;

7 c:=&c;

8 while (a!=0)

9 loop

10 b:=b*a;

1 a:=a-1;

2 end loop;

3 dbms_output.put_line('Factorial of the number '||c||' is '||b);

4 dbms_output.put_line('Name:Malavica');

5 dbms_output.put_line('Regno:17375803');

16 end;

17 /

OUTPUT:

Enter value for a: 9

old 5: a:=&a;

new 5: a:=9;

Enter value for b: 5

old 6: b:=&b;

new 6: b:=5;

Enter value for c: 4

old 7: c:=&c;

new 7: c:=4;

Factorial of the number 4 is 184400

Name: Malavica

Regno: 17375803

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

ARITHMETIC OERATIONS

PROCEDURE:
SQL> set serveroutput on;

SQL> declare a number;

2 b number;

3 c number;

4 add number;

5 sub number;

6 mul number;

7 div number;

8 begin

9 a:=&a;

10 b:=&b;

1 add:=a+b;

2 sub:=a-b;

3 mul:=a*b;

4 div:=a/b;

5 dbms_output.put_line('add= '||add||' sub= '||Sub||' Mul= '||Mul||' Div= '||Div);

16 dbms_output.put_line('Name: Malavica');

17 dbms_output.put_line('Regno: 17375803');

18 end;

3 /

OUTPUT:
Enter value for a: 4

old 9: a:=&a;

new 9: a:=4;

Enter value for b: 5

old 10: b:=&b;

new 10: b:=5;

add= 9 sub= -1 Mul= 20 Div= .8

Name: Malavica

Regno: 17375803

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.