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Flow data,
flow factor and orifice size
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
LIQUIDS (Tables I and III) AIR AND GASES (Tables I and IV - VII) STEAM (Tables VIII - X)
To find Kv: What Kv is required to pass 22 li- To find Kv: A valve is required to pass To find Kv: A valve is required to pass
tres of oil per minute with a specific gravity 14 nm3/h at an inlet pressure of 4 bar and 25 kg/h of saturated steam at an inlet pres-
of 0,9 and a pressure drop of 1,5 bar? a pressure drop (∆p) of 0,5 bar. sure of 1 bar and a ∆p of 0,2 bar.
Find the Kv if the fluid is carbon dioxide. What is the Kv?
The viscosity is less than 9° Engler.
Solution: The formula is: Solution: Refer to the 1-10 bar graph. Solution: Refer to the appropriate Steam
The formula used is: Graph.
Use the formula:
To find Fg, use the Liquid Flow Graph. Locate Fgm at the intersection of 4 bar inlet Locate Fg on graph corresponding to 1 bar
pressure and 0,5 bar pressure drop ∆p (along inlet pressure and a ∆p of 0,2 bar (along
The Fgm factor is that corresponding to a curve). Read down to Fgm = 43,5. curve).
pressure drop of 1,5 bar and equals 1,25. Fgl factor is 2,61. Fgm = 13,8 and the Fgl = 0,83
The Fgl factor is 0,075.
Locate Fsg corresponding to specific gravity
The Fsg factor can be obtained from the of carbon dioxide (= 1,5) on Fsg Chart.
Fsg chart and is that corresponding to 0,09 Fsg = 0,81
specific gravity and equals 1,05.
−3
Q (Nm3 /h) Q (kg/h)
Kv = 60.22.10 = 1 m3 /h Kv = = 14 = 0, 4 Nm3 /h Kv = = 25 = 1, 8 m3 /h
1, 25.1, 05 Fgm . Fsg 43, 5.0, 81 Fgm 13, 8
−3
Q (Nm3 /h) Q (kg/h)
Kv = 60.22.10 = 16, 7 l/min
14
Kv = = = 6, 62 Nl/min Kv = = 25 = 30 l/min
0, 075.1, 05 Fgl . Fsg 2, 61.0, 81 Fgl 0, 83
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Formula for liquid Formula for gases (with temperature correction) (1)
Table I : Calculation factor Fsg Table II : Calculation factor Ft for temperature correction
A
Factor Fsg
Factor Ft
0,54
Factor Fgm (m3/h)
Factor Fgl (l/min)
0,48
0,42
0,36
0,30
Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
0,24
0,18
0,12
0,06
0,03
00011GB-2016/R01
Limiting flow curve - Do not read Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
Inlet pressure of 0,1 to 1 bar (gauge)
A
Pressure drop ∆p (bar)
Inlet pressure of 1 to 10 bar (gauge)
Table IX : Flow calculation Fgm and Fgl for steam Pressure drop ∆p (bar)
Inlet pressure 1 to 10 bar (gauge)
Table X : Flow calculation Fgm and Fgl for steam Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
Pressure drop ∆p (bar)
Inlet pressure of 10 to 100 bar (gauge)
Flow calculation Air and gases Steam and vapours (e.g. refrigerants)
General: Pressure drop values for which no Fgm = 18, 9 ∆p (2p1 − ∆p) (m³/h) For steam:
curves are shown, may be determined by
Fgm = 15, 83 ∆p(2P1 − ∆P) (m³/h)
interpolation in the graphs. However, more Fgl = 1, 13 ∆p (2p1 − ∆p) (l/min)
accurate results can be obtained for the
calculation of the required values by using Fgl = 0, 95 ∆p(2P1 − ∆P) (l/min)
Example: Dp = 0,4 bar;
the following equations (on which the flow
p1 = 3 bar gauge or
graphs are based): Example: Dp = 7 bar,
4,013 bar absolute.
p1 = absolute inlet pressure (bar) = p1 = 40 bar or
gauge pressure plus atmospheric Calculation: 41,013 bar abs.
pressure of 1,013 bar
Fgm = 18, 9 0, 4(8, 026 − 0, 4) = 33 m3 /h Calculation:
p2 = absolute outlet pressure (bar) =
gauge pressure plus atmospheric
Fgl = 1, 13 0, 4(8, 026 − 0, 4) = 1, 97 l/min Fgm = 15, 83 7(82, 026 − 7) = 363 m /h
3
pressure of 1,013 bar
∆p = p1 - p2 = pressure drop across the
valve (bar) Note: The gas equations only apply accu-
t = 0°C rately to a fluid temperature of 20°C (for the Fgl = 0, 95 7(82, 026 − 7) = 21, 8 l/ min
purpose of this catalogue, the standard cubic
Note: In most systems it is desirable to keep metre nm3 has been defined at 20°C and
Note 1: The steam formulas apply to
the pressure drop to a minimum. If neces- 1,013 bar absolute or 760 mm mercury).
saturated steam. For superheated steam
sary - in case of liquids - the pressure drop At a different temperature (= t2 °C) the
a correction factor is required.
may equal the total inlet (gauge) pressure. determined Kv1 value must be adjusted by
Contact ASCO.
This also applies to air, gases and steam the following correction factor.
up to 1,013 bar inlet (gauge) pressure but Note 2: For vapours, e.g. chlorofluorocar-
for these fluids never use a ∆p greater than Ft = 293
bons (CFCs), various other factors have to
50% of the absolute inlet pressure because 273 + t 2 be considered.
excessive pressure drops will cause an ir-
Specific gravity of various liquids at 20°C
Availability, design and specifications are subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
including correction for temperature and density including correction for temperature and density