Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction and Background of the Study

This study involves contractual and environmental and can be caused, in this

case, by external sources. Common risks include: safety hazards that lead to worker

accidents and injuries. The researchers will propose a disaster safety assessment plan. In

construction of buildings, a lot of factors will be dealt by engineers. One of those is the

safety assessment plan for that building should be efficient for the safety of the people

who will be utilizing such an infrastructure. There are many safety assessment plans,

each one dedicated for a kind of disaster. Examples of these safety plans include fire

safety assessment plan, typhoon safety assessment plan, flood safety assessment plan,

tornado safety assessment plan, and earthquake safety assessment plan; in this case the

researchers will try to propose a safety assessment plan covering different disasters which

include those which are mentioned.

http://restoreyoureconomy.org/disaster-overview/types-of-disasters/

https://www.constructconnect.com/blog/operating-insights/identifying-managing-

construction-project-risks/

In making this safety assessment plan, first, the researchers will find the materials

used in the construction. After that, the researchers will find out how durable those

materials are. Subsequently, the researchers will provide what are the risk factors that

Senior High School Building II faces, and for the last part, the researchers will determine

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the level of efficacy of Senior High School Building II. All of those four aspects will lead

the researchers in having the proposed solution for Senior High School Building II.

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk_in_building_design_and_construction#

External_risks

The researchers will gather data through conducting a survey. The respondents

will be comprised of Senior High School Students and Teachers. The selection of

respondents will be done randomly.

Theoretical Framework

The Construction Accident Causation Theory made by Seyyed Shahab Hosseinian

and Zahra Jabbarani Torghabeh states that constructing a safety assessment plan in any

buildings is really important. Buildings have different accidents would happen in terms of

people's movements, objects and material used in the building that would cause losses

and damages to the people and its properties. Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are the

result of major accidents in the building. Hazards in the building are not always possible

to be identified so that accident investigation is essential to know what the root causes of

it are and prevent it to happen. Identifying the cause can use the accident causation

theories, and human errors; these theories provide explanations of why accidents happen.

The accident causation theories by which signifies the identification of how

hazards in the construction workplaces cause losses. On the contrary the weakness of

these theories is that they do not offer extensive strategic guidelines for managers and

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supervisors for reducing risks at construction workplaces. (Seyyed Shahab Hosseinian,

Zahra Jabbarani Torghabeh, 2014)

Theory of constructive safety of buildings and structures should with one voice

describes the stress-strain state and evaluate reserves for the first and second groups of

limit states at all stages of the life cycle of buildings and structures on the accounting

principles of power, environmental and temporal factors, technological influences,

structural transformation and other factors. Theory of constructive security is the basis for

the development of effective methods of renovation, renovation of buildings and

facilities, strengthening of building structures, to develop the theory of survivability of

buildings and structures.

Completed research conducted to date, mainly aimed at assessing the constructive

security maintained buildings and structures and to strengthen individual structures, if the

need arises. Moreover, the stress-strain state of the structure is taken into account at a

particular stage of operation. In modern building science is not knowledge of the

mechanisms of self-regulation of structural systems under the influence of changing

operating parameters, in the event of damage, as well as the boundary conditions in the

reconstruction process.

At the same time, the creation of the theory and, based on practical methods to

manage the structural safety of structural systems of buildings and structures, taking into

account the genesis of structural systems, quasi-steady state operation, reconstruction and

renovation of facilities will ensure a reliable and at the same time, the optimal design of

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buildings and structures at the stage design and objects at the stage of designing the

reconstruction and renovation. (Merkulov, S.I., Kursk State University, Kursk, Russia,

2014)

Thus, the main directions of research are the development of the theory of structural

safety of buildings. Implementation of these areas will provide solutions that open the

possibility of constructive safety management of buildings and structures, reflecting the

genesis of structural systems, quasi-steady state operation, reconstruction and renovation

of facilities, based on the criteria of design safety systems based on power control and

composite structures and structural systems of buildings and structures.

Conceptual Framework

The stated theory in the theoretical framework provides reasons and explanation

about safety assessment plan for buildings.

The first theory was entitled Construction Accident Causation Theory which talks

about accident investigation is essential to prevent hazards in the building.

The second is the theory, Development of Theory of Safety Structural for

Buildings and Construction by Merkulov, talks about the good structures of a building

and the life span of a building, and the result maybe affect to the structure of a building

because of the different factors cause by principles of power, environmental and temporal

factors, technological influences, structural transformation and other factors. Another

theory that stated is the Constructive Security its talk about how we construct a building

that can help to the method of renovation.

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 The research did not focus in the possible outcomes of formulation of theories.

They signify and discover explanation and conclusion regarding to the safe structural

building and construction. It also the theories are the some can affect the structured of a

building. Completed research conducted to date, mainly aimed at assessing the

constructive security maintained buildings and structures and to strengthen individual

structures, if the need arises. Findings also showed how buildings avoid to the poor

structure and components because of some factors. (Merkulov, S.I., Kursk State

University, Kursk, Russia, 2014)

Thus, the main directions of research are the development of the theory of

structural safety of buildings. Implementation of these areas will provide solutions that

open the possibility of constructive safety management of buildings and structures,

reflecting the genesis of structural systems, quasi-steady state operation, reconstruction

and renovation of facilities, based on the criteria of design safety systems based on power

control and composite structures and structural systems of buildings and structures.

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 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Finding the material used

in SHS Building II.
2. The durability of the
material used in the building.
3. Results in determining Triangulation
the following: Safety Assessment Plan for
Approach Senior High School
a) Risk factors that affect the Building II.
SHS Building II; Interview and
Survey
b) Level of efficacy of the
SHS Building II; and
c) Level of safety of the SHS
Building II.
4. Proposed solution to
improve the level of efficacy
of the SHS Building II.

Figure 1. Research Paradigm of the Study

The researchers gathered information from different books, internet and other

reference materials that serve as the primary resources of information and guide in

conducting the said study. Students, as the respondents of this study, will answer the

questions during data gathering serve as an important input. The respondents of the said

study will be interviewed using the survey and questionnaire in face to face interaction.

Using the gathered data from input and from the processed data gathered, the researchers

will conduct discussions and analysis regarding to the result of the survey using

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questionnaire. After that, the conclusion about the Constructing Safety Assessment Plan

for Senior High School Building II will be given.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Safety Assessment Plan for Senior High School

Building II. Specifically, the study seeks to answer these following questions.

1. What are the materials used in constructing the Senior High School Building II.

2. What is the durability of the material used in the building?

3. Based on the Safety Assessment Plan produced in this study, what are the results in

determining the following?

a) Risk factors that affect the Senior High School Building II;

b) Level of efficacy of the Senior High School Building II; and

c) Level of safety of the Senior High School Building II.

4. What is the proposed solution to improve the level of efficacy of the Senior High

School Building II?

Hypotheses

1. Hi: There is a significant relationship between finding the safety assessment plan

in the building and identifying the level of efficacy of the building for its solution to

improve.

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 Ho: There is no significant relationship between finding the safety assessment

plan in the building and identifying the level of efficacy of the building for its solution to

improve.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focused on the Safety Assessment Plan of Senior High School

Building II for school year 2018-2019. It was composed of one hundred fifty (150)

Grade 11 and Grade 12 students of Senior High School Building II will serve as the

respondents of the study. This study will be conducted in Calasiao Comprehensive

National High School (CCNHS), Malong Street, Poblacion West Calasiao, Pangasinan.

This study will be conducted from August to March 2019.

This study aimed to construct a Safety Assessment Plan for Senior High School

Building II to gain a further understanding and be able to come up with conclusions

regarding this problem.

Limitation of the Study

The research has reached its aims, there were some unavoidable limitations. First,

the research was conducted only a small size population. Participants in this study are

selected randomly. The sample would have respondents from Grade 11 to Grade 12

Senior High School Students in Building II at Calasiao Comprehensive National High

School (CCNHS).

Second, there are certain limitations of the study in the sample size; it was

composed of one hundred fifty (150) respondents as an overall respondent in all Senior

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High School in Calasiao Comprehensive National High School in Building II. It was

already a large sample size and are expected that coming up results of the sample may

brought the study to come up into a different results expected in the research because of

varieties in the answers. It is possible some of the respondents may not have understood

what response is required from them. Every attempt was made to prevent the influence of

views or responses.

Third, the reliability of the respondents and the validity of results, no one can

control or authorized to change the answers of the respondents in order to have a better

result because there are some that taking the survey not serious or being dishonest in

answering his/her questionnaire but the researchers will conduct a survey by face to face

in order for us to assure that every respondents would answer the questionnaire honestly

and for them also to understand the question very well.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to have a Safety Assessment Plan for Senior High School

Building II in Calasiao Comprehensive National High School. The findings of the study

would be beneficial to the following:

Students. This study will help them to determine the safe zone of the building during a

disaster. This also helps them to feel comfortable during a class hour.

Teachers. This will help them to feel comfortable for the safety of his/her students. It

also helps them to be prepared if disaster happens.

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Future researchers. The data gathered will guide future researchers in conducting

further study for the improvement in safety assessment of the building.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were conceptually defined to have a better understanding and

analysis.

Assessment. The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or

something. (Oxford Dictionaries)

Efficacy. The effectiveness of something and its ability to do what it is supposed to.

(Collins Dictionary)

Genesis. The origin or mode of formation of something. (Oxford Dictionaries)

Hazard. Exposure or vulnerability to injury, loss, evil, and others.

Researcher. Is someone who conducts research in an organized and systematic

investigation into something. (Oxford Dictionaries)

Safety Assessment. The systematic collection of information on threatening family

conditions and current, significant, and clearly observable threats to the safety of the

child or youth.

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