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Class X Chapter 6 – Trigonometric Identities Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 6.1
Prove the following trigonometric identities:

1.
Sol:
We know sin 2 A + cos 2 A =
1
sin 2 A = 1 − cos 2 A
⇒ sin 2 A ⋅ cos ec 2 A
1
⇒ sin 2 A ⋅ 2= 1 ∴ L.H=
.S R.H .S
sin A
2.
Sol:
We know that cos ec 2 A − a 2 − A =
1
cos ec 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
⇒ cos ec 2 A ⋅ sin 2 A =
1
1
⋅ n 2 A ⋅1
sin A
=1 1=
L.H .S R.H .S
3.
Sol:
sin 2 θ
L.H .S ⇒ ⋅ cos 2 θ =
sin 2 θ
cos θ
2
R.H .S ⇒ 1 − cos 2 θ 1 sin θ + cos 2 θ 

=
⇒ sin 2 θ ∴ sin 2 θ =
1 − cos 2 θ 
L.H .S = R.H .S
4.
Sol:
=LHS cos ecθ sin 2 θ =
1 − cos θ sin θ 
2 2
= cos ecθ ⋅ sin θ

=1
∴ L.H .S = R.H .S
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
5.
Sol:
We know that sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ =
1
⇒ sec 2 θ =
1, tan θ
cos ec 2θ − cos 2 θ =
1
cos ec 2θ − cot 2 θ
1
tan 2 θ ⋅ cot 2 θ =
tan 2 θ
tan 2 θ
6.
Sol:
1 sin θ 1
LHS = tan θ + ⇒ +
tan θ cos θ sin θ
cos θ
sin θ cos θ
⇒ +
cos θ sin θ
sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ 1
⇒ =
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
⇒ sec θ cos ecθ
Hence L.H.S = R.H.S
7.
Sol:
θ θ θ
cos θ − cos 2 =
⋅ cos 2 − sin 2
2 2 2
θ θ θ
θ sin ⋅ 2 ⇒ 2sin cos
sin=
2 2 2
θ θ
cos 2 − sin 2
2 2  θ θ
⇒ LHS = =∴1 cos 2 + sin 2 
 2θ 2θ  θ θ  2 2
cos 2 + sin 2  − 2sin 2 cos 2
 θ θ  θ θ
cos 2 − sin 2  cos 2 + sin 2 
⇒  a 2 − b 2 = ( a − b )( a + b )( a − b )2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab 
 θ θ  
cos 2 − sin 2 
θ θ
cos − sin
⇒ 2 2.
θ θ
cos − sin
2 2
______________________________________________________________________________
2
______________________________________________________________________________
θ θ θ θ
cos 2 − sin 2 + 2sin cos
1 + sin θ 2 2 2 2
R.H .S ⇒
cos θ θ θ
cos 2
− sin 2
2 2
 θ θ
cos 2 + sin 2 
⇒
 θ θ
cos 2 − sin 2 
θ θ
cos + sin
⇒ 2 2
θ θ
cos − sin
2 2
∴ L.H .S = R.H .S
8.
Sol:
θ θ θ
cos θ cos
= = 2 cos 2 − sin 2
2 2 2
θ θ θ
sin θ= sin 2 ⋅ = 2sin cos
2 2 2
θ θ
=1 cos 2 + sin 2
2 2
θ θ
cos 2 − sin
cos θ 2 2
=
LHS =
1 + sin θ cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ + 2sin θ cot θ
2 2 2 2
 θ θ  θ θ
 cos − sin   cos + sin 
⇒
2 2  2 2
θ θ
2

 cos + sin 
 2 2
θ θ
cos − sin
⇒ 2 2
θ θ
cos + sin
2 2
θ θ θ θ
cos 2 + sin 2 − 2sin cos
1 − sin θ 2 2 2 2
=
RHS =
cos θ θ θ
cos 2 − sin 2
2 2
______________________________________________________________________________
3
______________________________________________________________________________
θ θ
2

 cos − sin 
⇒  2 2
 θ θ  θ θ
 cos − sin   cos + sin 
 2 2  2 2
θ θ
cos − sin
⇒ 2 2
θ θ
cos+ sin
2 2
∴ LHS = RHS
9.
Sol:
=1 + cot 2 A cos ec 2 A  cos ec 2 A − cot 2 A 1
=
cos ec 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A.
1
⇒ cot 2 A +
cos ec 2 A
⇒ cos 2 A + sin 2=A 1 ∴ LHS
= RHS
10.
Sol:
=
1 + tan 2 A sec 2  sec=
2
A − tan 2 A 1
1
⇒ sin 2 A + 2
1 + tan 2 A − sec 2 A
sec
⇒ sin A + cos 2 A =
2
1
∴ LHS = RHS
11.
Sol:
1 − cos θ
L.H.S = Rationalize numerator with 1 − cos θ
1 + cos θ
1 − cos θ 1 − cosθ
⇒ ×
1 + cos θ 1 − cos θ
( )
2
1 − cosθ
=
(1 − cos θ )(1 + cos θ )
1 − cos θ 1 − cos θ 1 − cos θ
= = =
1 − cos 2 θ sin 2 θ sin θ
______________________________________________________________________________
4
______________________________________________________________________________
= cos ecθ − cot θ
12.
Sol:
θ θ
=1 cos 2 + sin 2
2 2
θ θ θ
cos θ= cos 2 ⋅ = cos 2 − 8sin 2
2 2 2
θ θ θ
sin θ= sin 2 ⋅ = 2sin cos
2 2 2
θ θ  θ θ
cos 2 =sin 2 −  cos 2 − sin 2 
1 − cos θ 2 2  2 2
=
LHS =
sin θ θ θ
2sin cos
2 2
θ θ θ θ
cos + sin 2 − cos 2 + sin 2
2 2 2 2
θ θ
2sin cos
2 2
θ
2sin 2
2 θ
= = tan .
θ θ 2
2sin cos
2 2
θ θ
2sin cos
RHS = 2 2
2θ 2θ θ θ
cos + sin + cos 2 − sin 2
2 2 2 2
θ θ
2sin cos
= = 2 2 tan θ
θ 2
2 cos 2
2
∴ L.H .S = R.H .S
13.
Sol:
sin θ
LHS =
1 − cos θ
Rationalizer both Nr and Or with 1 + cos θ
sin θ 1 + cos θ
⇒ ×
1 − cos θ 1 + cos θ
______________________________________________________________________________
5
______________________________________________________________________________
sin θ (1 + cos θ )
⇒  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a − b 
2 2
1 − cos 2 θ
sin θ + sin θ
⇒ 1 − cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ 
sin 2 θ
sin θ sin θ cos θ
⇒ 2 +
sin θ sin 2 θ
1 cos θ
⇒ ⇒ cos ecθ + cot θ
sin θ sin θ
∴ LHS = RHS
14.
Sol:
1 − sin θ
LHS =
1 + sin θ
Rationalize both Nr and Or with (1 − sin θ ) multiply
1 − sin θ 1 − sin θ
⇒ ×
1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ
(1 − sin θ )
2
⇒
cos θ
2  (1 − sin θ )(1 + sin θ ) =
cos 2 θ 
1 − sin θ  sin θ 
2 2
 1
⇒  ⇒ −
 cos θ   cos θ cos θ 
⇒ [sec θ − tan θ ]
2
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
15.
Sol:
LHS ⇒ cos ec 2θ − sin 2 θ ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 
⇒ 1 + cot 2 θ − (1 − cos 2 θ )  cos ec 2θ =

1 + cot 2 θ sin 2 θ =
1 − cos 2 θ 
⇒ 1 + cot 2 − 1 + cos 2 θ
⇒ cot 2 θ + cos 2 θ
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
16.
Sol:
LHS =
(1 + cot θ ) tan θ
2
 cos ec 2θ = 1 + cot 2 θ 

sec 2 θ
______________________________________________________________________________
6
______________________________________________________________________________
cos ec 2θ ⋅ tan θ 1 cos 2 θ sin θ

⇒ ⇒ ⋅ ⋅
sec 2 sin 2 θ 1 cos θ
cos θ
⇒ = cot θ
sin θ
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
17.
Sol:
LHS sec 2 θ − cos 2 θ
=  ( sec θ + cos θ )( sec θ − cos θ ) − sec 2 θ − cos 2 θ 
⇒ 1 + tan 2 θ − (1 − sin 2 θ )  sec 2 θ =

1 + tan 2 θ cos 2 θ =
1 − tan 2 θ 
⇒ 1 + tan 2 θ − l + sin 2 θ
tan 2 θ + sin 2 θ
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
18.
Sol:
(1 − sin A) × 
1 1 sin A   1 sin A 
LHS = = + = =
 sec A cos and tan A
cos + 1  cos A cos A  A cos A 
⇒
1
× (1 − sin A )
(1 + sin A)
cos A cos A
cos 2 A
= = 2
1  (1 − sin A )(1 + sin A ) ⋅ cos 2 A =
1 − sin 2 A
cos A
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
19.
Sol:
 1  1   sin A cos A 
LHS =
 sin A − sin A  cos A − cos A  cos A + sin A 
1 − sin 2 A 1 − cos 2 A sin 2 A + cos 2 A

⇒ × ×
sin A cos A sin A cos A
______________________________________________________________________________
7
______________________________________________________________________________
 1 
 cos ec A = sin A
 
 sec A = 1 A 
cos 2 A ⋅ sin 2 A ⋅1  cos 
⇒  
sin 2 A cos 2 A  tan A = sin A 
 cos A 
 cos A 
 cot A = 
 sin A 
1 − sin 2 A = cos 2 A
 
=1  1 − cos A =
2
sin 2 A 
 sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1 

= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
20.
Sol:
sin 2 θ  sin 2 θ 
LHS = tan 2 θ − sin 2 θ = − sin 2 θ  2
θ =
cos 2 θ 
tan
cos θ
2

 1 
⇒ sin 2 θ  2 − 1
 cos θ 
1 − cos 2 θ 
sin 2 θ  
 cos θ 
2
sin 2 θ
⇒ sin 2 θ ⋅
sin 2 θ tan 2 θ
=
cos 2 θ
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
21.
Sol:
LHS =(1 + tan 2 θ )(1 − sin 2 θ )  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a − b 
2 2
⇒ sec 2 θ ⋅ cos 2 θ  sec 2 θ =

1 + tan 2 θ 
=1
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
22.
Sol:
cos 2 A sin 2 A
LHS = sin A ⋅ 2 + cos A ⋅
2 2
sin A cos 2 A
______________________________________________________________________________
8
______________________________________________________________________________
 A sin 2 A 
=
cos 2 A + sin 2 A
 2
= 2 2
=
cos 2 A 
cot A cos tan A
 sin 2 A
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
23.
Sol:
cos θ sin θ
L.=
H .S −
sin θ cos θ
cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
= =  cos 2 θ −=
sin 2 θ cos θ 

= cos 2 2 cos 2 θ − 1
2 cos 2 θ − 1
=
sin θ cos θ
= LHS
= RHS Hence proved
2sin 2 θ − 1
(ii) tan θ − cot θ =
sin θ cos θ
Sol:
sin θ cos θ
=
LHS −
cos θ sin θ
sin 2 θ − cos 2
⇒
cos θ sin θ
sin 2 θ − (1 − sin 2 θ )
⇒  cos 2 θ =
1sin 2 θ 
cos θ sin θ
2sin 2 θ − 1
⇒
sin θ cos θ
∴ LHS = RHS Hence proved
24.
Sol:
LHS =
(15 ) − sin θ cos ecθ + sin
2 2
θ
sin θ
cos θ + sin θ − 1
2 2
⇒ [ sin θ cos ecθ =
1]
sin θ
=0
∴ LHS =
RHS Hence proved
______________________________________________________________________________
9
______________________________________________________________________________
25.
Sol:
1 − sin A + 1 + sin A
LHS =
(1 + sin A)(1 − sin A)
2
⇒  (1 + sin A )(1 − sin A ) =1 − sin 2 A
1 − sin A
2
2
⇒ ⇒ 2sec 2 A [1 − sin A = cos A]
cos 2 A
26.
Sol:
(1 + sin θ ) + cos 2 θ
2
LHS =
cos θ (1 + sin θ )
1 + sin 2 θ + 2sin θ + cos 2 θ
=
2 (1 + sin θ )
⇒ 2sec θ
=
∴ LHS =
RHS Hence proved
27.
Sol:
1 + sin 2 θ + 2sin θ + 1 + sin 2 θ − 2sin θ
LHS =
2 cos θ
2 (1 + sin 2 θ )
1 + sin 2 θ
⇒ ⇒  cos 2 θ = 1 − sin 2 θ 
2 cos 2 θ 1 − sin 2 θ
28.
Sol:
1 + tan 2 θ sec 2 θ
LHS ⇒ = θ + 1 sec 2 θ 1 + cot
 tan 2= = 2
θ cos ec 2θ 
1 + cot 2 θ cos ec 2θ
1
= = sin 2 tan 2 θ
cos θ ⋅1
2
______________________________________________________________________________
10
______________________________________________________________________________
2
 
1 − tan θ 
2
 1 − tan θ 
⇒ ⇒  
1 − cot θ  1 −
1

 tan θ 
2
 1 − tan θ 
⇒ ⋅ tan θ  =
tan 2 θ
 (1 − tan θ ) 
29.
Sol:
1
1+
1 + sec θ cos θ
=
LHS =
sec θ 1
cos θ
cos θ + 1
= ⋅ cos θ
cos θ
= 1 + cos θ
sin 2 θ 1 − cos 2 θ
=
RHS ⇒
1 − cos θ 1 − cos θ
⇒
(1 − 2 5b ) + ( cosθ ) =
1 + cos θ
1 − 48
∴ LHS =
RHS Hence proved
30.
Sol:
tan θ cot θ
=
LHS +
1−
1 1 − tan θ
tan θ
tan 2 θ cot θ
⇒− +
(1 − tan θ ) 1 − tan θ
1  1 
 − tan 2 θ 
1 − tan θ  tan θ 
1 1 − tan θ 
3
 
1 − tan θ  tan θ 
______________________________________________________________________________
11
______________________________________________________________________________
(
(1 − tan θ ) 1 + tan θ + tan 2 θ )
⇒
1
1 − tan θ tan θ  ( )
 a 3 − b3 = ( a − b ) a 2 + ab + b 2 

1 + tan θ + tan 2 θ
⇒
tan θ
⇒ cot θ + 1 + tan θ
31.
Sol:
We know that sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ :
Cubing on both sides
( secθ − tan θ )
3
2
=
1
(
sec6 θ ⋅ tan 6 θ − 3sec 2 θ sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ =
1 )
tan 2 θ  ( a − b )3 = a 3 − b3 − 3ab ( a − b ) 
 
⇒ sec θ −=
tan 6 θ 3sec 2 θ=
tan 2 θ 1
⇒ sec=
6
θ tan 6 θ + 1 + 3 tan 2 θ sec 2 θ
Hence proved
32.
Sol:
We know that cos ec 2θ − cot 2 θ =
1
( cos ec θ − cot θ ) =
(1)
3 3
2 2
(
⇒ cos ec 6θ − cot 6 θ − 3cos ec 2θ cot 2 θ cos ec 2θ − cot 2 θ =
1 )
 ( a − b )3 − a 3 − b3 − 3ab ( a − b ) 
 
1 + 3cos ec 2θ cot 2 θ + cot 6 θ
⇒ cos ec 6 =
Hence proved
33.
Sol:
=
sec 2
θ tan
= 2
θ 1
∴ sec 2 θ =
1 + tan 2 θ
sec 2 θ ⋅ cot θ 1 ⋅ sin 6 θ cos θ
=
LHS ⇒ ⋅
cos ec 2θ cos 2 θ sin θ
______________________________________________________________________________
12
______________________________________________________________________________
 1 1 cos θ 
 sec θ cos θ=
= , cos ecθ =
sin θ
cot θ
sin θ 
sin θ
⇒ =tan θ
cos θ
34.
Sol:
We know that sin 2 A + cos 2 A =
1
sin 2 A = 1 − cos 2 A
⇒ sin 2 A = (1 − cos A)(1 + cos A)
=
⇒ LHS
(1=
+ cos A ) 1
(1 − cos A)(1 + cos A) 1 − cos A
∴ L.H .S =
R.H .S Hence proved
35.
Sol:
sec θ − tan θ
LHS =
sec A + tan A
Rationalizing the denominator y multiply and diving with sec A + tan A we get
( sec A − tan A) × ( sec A + tan A) = sec2 A − tan2 A = 1
( sec A + tan A) ( sec A + tan A) ( sec A + tan A) ( sec A + tan A)2
2
 sec 2 A − tan 2 A =

1
1 1
=
sec A + tan A + 2sec A tan A
2 2
1 sin 2 A 2sin A
+ +
cos 2 A cos 2 A cos 2 A
cos 2 cos 2 A
⇒ =
1 + sin 2 A + 2sin A (1 + sin A )2
∴ L.H .S =
R.H .S Hence proved
36.
Sol:
1 + cos A
LHS = ... (1)
sin A
Multiply both Nr and Dr with (1 − cos A ) we get
______________________________________________________________________________
13
______________________________________________________________________________
(1 + cos A)(1 − cos A) = 1 − cos 2 A

sin A (1 − cos A ) sin A (1 − cos A )
sin 2 A 1 − cos 2 A
= =
sin A (1 − cos A ) sin A (1 − cos A )
sin 2
=  cos 2 A sin 2 A
sin A (1 − cos A )
sin A
=
1 − cos A
∴ L.H .S = R.H .S Hence proved
37.
Sol:
1 + sin A
LHS = .
1 − sin A
Rationalize the Nr. By multiplying both Nr and Dr with 1 + sin A.
(1 + sin A)(1 + sin A) =

(1 + sin A)
2
⇒  (1 + sin A )(1 − sin A ) =

cos 2 A
(1 + sin A)(1 − sin A) cos 2 A
1 + sin A 1 sin A
= = +
cos A cos A cos A
sec A + tan A
38.
Sol:
Rationalizing both Nr and Or by multiplying both with 1 − cos A we get
⇒
(1 − cos A)(1 − cos A) .  (1 + cos A )(1 − cos A ) = sin 2 A
1 − cos 2 A =
(1 + cos A)(1 − cos A)
(1 − cos A)
2
sin 2 A
1 − cos A
=
sin A
= cos ecA − cot A.
______________________________________________________________________________
14
______________________________________________________________________________
39.
Sol:
( sec A − tan A)
2
=
LHS
(1 − sin A)
2 2
 1 sin A 
⇒ − ⇒
 cos A cos A  cos 2 A.
(1 − sin A)
2
⇒ 1 − sin 2 A =
cos 2 A
1 − sin A2
(1 − sin A)
2
⇒  a − b = ( a − b )( a + b ) 
2 2
(1 − sin A)(1 + sin A)

1 − sin A
=
1 + sin A
40.
Sol:
1 − cos A
LHS =
1 + cos A
Rationalizing Nr by multiplying and dividing with 1 − cos A.
=
(1 − cos A)(1 − cos A)
(1 + cos A)(1 − cos A)
(1 − cos A)
2
⇒
1 − cos 2 A
(1 − cos A)
2
⇒  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a − b 1 − cos A = sin A

2 2 2 2
2
sin A
2
 1 cos A 
( cos ecA − cot A)
2
=
 sin A − sin A 
( cot A − cos ecA)

2
=
∴ L.H .S =
R.H .S Hence proved
______________________________________________________________________________
15
______________________________________________________________________________
41.
Sol:
sec A + 1 + sec A − 1 2sec A
=LHS =
( sec A + 1)( sec A − 1) ( )
sec 2 A − 1
 ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 sec 2 A − 1 = tan 2 A
2sec A 2 ⋅1cos 2 A  1 sin 2 A 

⇒ = =
 sec A =
2
tan A 
tan 2 A cos A ⋅ sin 2 A  cos A cos 2 A 
⇒ 2 cos ecA cot A
∴ L.H .S =R.H .S Hence proved
42.
Sol:
cos A sin A
=
LHS +
1 − tan A  1 
1 − 
 tan A 
cos A sin A ⋅ tan A
= −
1 − tan A 1 − tan A
cos A − sin A tan A
⇒
(1 − tan A)
sin A
cos A − sin A ⋅
⇒ cos A
sin A
1−
cos A
cos 2 A − sin 2 A cos A ( cos A − sin A )( cos A + sin A )
⇒ =
( cos A − sin A) cos A cos A − sin A
⇒ cos A + sin A.
∴ L.H .S =R.H .S Hence proved
43.
Sol:
 cos ec + 1 + cos ec − 1 
LHS cos ecA    cos ec 2 A − 1 =cot 2 A
 cos ec 2 A − 1
 2 cos ecA 
⇒ cos ecA 
 cot A 
2
2 sin 2 A
⇒ 2 2
=
2sec 2 A.
sin A cos A
∴ LHS = RHS Hence proved.
______________________________________________________________________________
16
______________________________________________________________________________
44.
Sol:
 sin 2 A   cos 2 A 
LHS = 1 + 2  + 1 + 2 2 
 cos A   sin A 
cos 2 A + sin 2 A sin 2 A + cos 2 A
⇒ +
cos 2 A sin 2 A
1 1
⇒ 2
+ 2  sin 2 A + cos 2 A =
1
cos A sin A
sin 2 A + cos 2 A 1
⇒ = cos 2 A =
1 − sin 2 A
2
sin A cos A 2
sin A (1 − sin A )
2
1
⇒
sin A − sin 2 A
2
45.
Sol:
We know that
sec 2 A = 1 + tan 2 A
cos ec 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A.
tan 2 cot 2
∴ LHS = +
sec 2 cos ec 2 A
sin 2 A cos 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A
⇒ × + =
cos 2 A 1 sin 2 A 1
 A 1 cos A 1 
=
 tan A sin cos = sec A = cot A = cos ec
A cos A sin A sin A 
⇒ sin 2 A + cos 2 A
=1
46.
Sol:
cos A
− cos A
sin A  cos A 
=  cot A
cos A
+ cos A  sin A 
sin A
______________________________________________________________________________
17
______________________________________________________________________________
 1 
cos A  − 1
=  sin A 
 1 
cos A  + 1
 sin A 
cos ecA − 1
=
cos ecA + 1
47.
Sol:
1 + cos θ + sin θ
(i) ⇒
1 + cos θ − sin θ
Dividing the equation with cos θ we get or both Nr and Dr
1 + cos θ + sin θ 1 cos θ sin θ
+ +
cos θ = cos θ cos θ cos θ
1 + cos θ − sin θ 1 cos θ sin θ
− −
cos θ cos θ cos θ cos θ
sec θ + 1 + taθ
=
sec θ + 1 − tan θ
sec θ + tan θ + sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ
=  sec 2 θ − tan 2 θ 1
sec 2 θ − tan θ + 1
Or
sec θ + tan θ + 1
sec θ − tan θ + 1
1
+1
sec θ − tan θ  1 
 sec θ + tan θ =
sec θ − tan θ + 1  sec θ − tan θ 
Or
______________________________________________________________________________
18
______________________________________________________________________________
sec θ + tan θ + 1
sec θ − tan θ + 1
1
+1
sec θ − tan θ  1 
 sec θ + tan θ =
sec θ − tan θ + 1  sec θ − tan θ 
1 + sec θ − tan θ 1
= ×
1 + sec θ − tan θ sec θ − tan θ
1
= = sec θ + tan θ
sec θ − tan θ
= sec θ + tan θ
1 sin θ
= +
cos θ cos θ
1 + cos θ
=
cos θ
sin θ − cos θ + 1
(ii)
sin θ + cos θ − 1
Divide Nr and Dr with cos θ , we get
sin θ − cos θ + 1
cos θ tan θ − 1 + sec θ
= .
sin θ + cos θ − 1 tan θ + 1 − sec θ
cos θ
1
= −1
sec θ − tan θ
tan θ − sec θ + 1
1 − sec θ + tan θ 1
= ×
1 − sec θ + tan θ sec θ − tan θ
1
=
sec θ − tan θ
cos θ − sin θ + 1
(iii) = cos ec + cot θ
Divide both Nr and Dr with sin θ
cos θ − sin θ + 1
sin θ
sin θ
cot θ − 1 + cos ec
=
cot θ + 1 − cos ec
______________________________________________________________________________
19
______________________________________________________________________________
=
(
cot θ + cos ecθ − cos ec 2θ − cot 2 θ )
cot θ − cos ecθ + 1
=
(
cot θ + cos ecθ − cos ec 2θ + cot 2 θ )
cot θ + cos ec (1 − ( cos ec − cot θ ) )
=
= cot θ + cos ecθ
48.
Sol:
 1 
LHS : sec A − tan A ∴ =sec A − tan A
 sec A + tan A 
= − tan A
1 1
RHS −
cos A sec A − tan A
sec A − ( sec A + tan A )
 1 
= sec A + tan A
 sec A − tan A 
= − tan A
LHS = RHS
49.
Sol:
sin 2 A cos 2 A
tan 2 A + cot 2 A = +
cos 2 A sin 2 A
sin 4 A + cos 4 A
=
cos 2 A sin 2 A
1 − 2sin 2 A cos 2 A
=2  sin 4 A + cos 4 A =
1 − 2sin 2 A cos 2 A
sin A cos 2 A
= sec 2 A cos ec 2 A − 2
sin 4 A + cos 4 A is in the form of a 4 + b 4
(a )
2
a 4 + b4 = 2
+ b2 − 2a 2b 2
=
Here =
a sin A, b cos A
( )
2
= sin 2 A + cos 2 A − 2sin 2 A cos 2 A
= 1 − 2sin 2 A cos 2 14
______________________________________________________________________________
20
______________________________________________________________________________
50.
Sol:
sin 2 A cos 2 A − sin 2 A
1−
cos 2 A = cos 2 A
cos 2 cos 2 A − sin 2 A
− 1
sin 2 sin 2 A
sin 2 A
=
cos 2 A
= tan 2 A.
51.
Sol:
cos ec 2θ − 1
1+  cos ec 2θ − cot 2 θ = 1, cot 2 θ = cos ec 2θ − 1
1 + cos ecθ
1+
( cos ecθ − 1)( cos ecθ + 1)
1 + cos ecθ
=1 + cos ecθ − 1  ( a + b )( a − b ) =a 2 − b 2 a =cos ecθ , b =1.
= cos ecθ
52.
Sol:
cos θ cos θ
+
1 1
+1 −1
sin θ sin θ
cos θ cos θ
1 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ
sin θ sin θ
( cos θ )( sin θ ) + ( cos θ )( sin θ )
(1 − sin θ )( sin θ cos θ ) + ( sin θ cos θ )
(1 + sin θ )(1 − sin θ )
sin θ cos θ − sin θ cos θ + sin θ cos θ + sin 2 θ cos 2
1 − sin 2 θ
______________________________________________________________________________
21
______________________________________________________________________________
sin θ cos θ
=
cos 2 θ
2sin θ
=
cos θ
= 2 tan θ
53.
Sol:
1 + cos θ − sin 2 θ
1 − sin 2 θ + cos θ
=
cos 2 θ + cos θ
=
cos θ (1 + cos θ )
=
= cot θ .
54.
Sol:
tan 3 θ cos 2 θ
+  sec θ − tan θ= 1cos ec θ − cot θ= 1
2 2 2 2
sec 2 θ cos ec 2θ
cos ec 2θ = 1 + cot 2 θ .
 1 1 
tan θ + cos 2 θ + cot 3 θ × sin 3 θ cos 2 θ ,
 sec 2 θ = 1 + cot 2 θ 
=
cos ec θ
2

sin 3 θ cos3 θ
× cos 2
θ + × sin 2 θ
cos θ3
sin θ
3
sin θ cos θ
3 3
+
cos θ sin θ
sin θ + cos 4 θ
4
=
sin θ cos θ
1 − 2sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
sin θ cos θ
1 2sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
−
sec θ cos ecθ − 2sin θ cos θ .
______________________________________________________________________________
22
______________________________________________________________________________
55.
Sol:
LHS =
( sin θ + cos θ ) − ( sin θ + cos θ )
3 3 3 5
sin θ + cos θ
=
3
( 2
)
sin θ 1 − sin θ + cos3 θ + 1 − cos 2 θ
sin θ + cos θ
sin θ × cos θ + cos3 θ × sin 2 θ
3 3
=
sin θ + cos θ
sin θ + cos θ ( sin θ + cos θ )
2
=
sin θ + cos θ
= sin θ cos 2 θ
3
T5 − T9
=
(
sin 5 θ + cos5 θ − sin 7 θ + cos 7 θ ) ( )
T3 sin 3 θ + cos3 θ
=
( )
sin 5 θ 1 − sin 2 θ + cos5 θ sin 2 θ ( )
sin θ + cos θ
3 3
=
sin θ + cos 2 + cos5 θ sin 2 θ
5
( )
sin θ + cos θ
3 3
=
(
sin θ cos 2 θ sin 3 θ + cos3 θ
2
)
sin θ + cos θ
3 3
= sin θ cos 2 θ
2
L.H .S = R.H .S Hence Proval.

sin 2 θ cos 2 θ ( sin θ + cos θ )
=
sin 2 θ + cos θ
= sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
L.H .S = R.H .S
56.
Sol:
⇒ ( tan θ + sec θ ) + ( tan θ − sec θ )
2 2
= tan 2 θ + sec 2 θ + 2 tan θ sec θ + tan 2 θ + sec 2 θ + 2 tan θ sec θ .
______________________________________________________________________________
23
______________________________________________________________________________
= 2 tan 2 θ + 2sec 2 θ
= 2  tan 2 θ + sec 2 
 sin 2 θ 1 
= 2 2 + 
 cos θ cos θ 
2
 sin + sin 2 θ 
= 2 
 cos θ 
2
57.
Sol:
 
 1 1  2
⇒ +  sin θ cos θ .
2
− cos 2 θ cos ec θ − sin θ 

2 2
1

 cos θ
2

 
 1 1  2
=  +  sin θ cos θ .
2
 1 − cos θ 1 − sin θ
4 4

 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ 
 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ  2
=  +  sin θ cos θ
2
 1 − cos 4
θ 1 − sin 4
θ 
 cos 2 θ sin 2  2
+  sin θ cos θ .
2
 2
 cos θ + sin 2
θ − cos 4
θ cos 2
θ + sin 2
θ − sin 4
θ 
 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ 
 2 +  sin 2 θ cos 2 θ .
( 2 2
)
 cos θ 1 − cos θ + sin θ sin θ 1 − sin θ + cos θ 
2 2 2
( )
 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ  2
+  sin θ cos θ
2
 2
 cos θ sin 2
θ + sin 2
θ sin 2
θ cos 2
θ + cos 2
θ 
 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ 
=  2 +  sin 2 θ cos 2 θ .
( )
 sin θ cos 2 θ + 1 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + 1 ( ) 
 cos θ (1 + sin θ ) + sin θ (1 + cos θ ) 

4 2 4 2
=  sin 2
θ cos 2 θ
 sin θ cos θ (1 + cos θ )(1 + sin θ ) 
2 2 2 2
cos θ (1 + sin θ ) + sin θ (1 + cos θ )

4 2 4 2
=
(1 + cos θ )(1 + sin θ )
2 2
cos 4 θ + cos 4 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ + sin 4 θ cos 2 θ

= .
1 + sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + cos 2 θ sin 2 θ
______________________________________________________________________________
24
______________________________________________________________________________
(
1 − 2sin 2 θ cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ cos 2 θ cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ )
=
1 + 1 + cos θ sin θ
2 2 ( )
 cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ 1
1 − sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
= .
2 + sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
58.
Sol:
 1 + sin θ − cos θ 1 + sin θ − cos θ 
2
⇒ × 
 1 + sin θ + cos θ 1 + sin θ − cos θ 
 (1 + sin θ − cos θ )2 
⇒ 
 (1 + sin θ ) − cos 2 θ 
2
 (1)2 + sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + 2 ×1× sin θ + 2 × sin θ ( − cos θ ) − 2 cos θ 

= 
 1 − cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ + 2sin θ 
(Since, sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =
1]
1 + 1 + 2sin θ − 2sin θ cos θ − 2 cos θ 
2
= 
 sin 2 θ − sin 2 θ + 2sin θ 
 2 × 2sin θ − 2sin θ cos θ − 2 cos θ 
2
= 
 2sin 2 θ + 2sin θ 
 2 (1 + sin θ ) − 2 cos θ ( sin θ + 1) 
2
= 
 2sin θ ( sin θ + 1) 
 (1 + sin θ )( 2 − 2 cos θ ) 
2
= 
 2sin θ ( sin θ + 1) 
 2 − 2 cos θ 
2
=
 2sin θ 
2
 2  1 − cos θ  
=  − 
 2  sin θ  
______________________________________________________________________________
25
______________________________________________________________________________
1 − cos θ 
2
=
 sin θ 
(1 − cos θ )
2
=
1 − cos 2 θ
=
(1 − cos θ ) × (1 − cos θ )
(1 + cos θ )(1 − cos θ )
1 − cos θ
= .
1 + cos θ
59.
Sol:
( { }) (
= sec A + tan A − sec 2 A − tan 2 A sec A − tan A + sec 2 A − tan 2 A  )
( sec A + tan A − sec A + tan A)( sec A − tan A) ( sec A − tan A + ( sec A + tan A)( sec A − tan A) )
=
= ( sec A + tan A ) (1 − ( sec A − tan A ) ) ( sec A − tan A )(1 + sec A tan A )
= ( sec A + tan A)(1 − sec A + tan A)( sec A − tan A)(1 + sec A tan A)
= ( sec A + tan A)( sec A − tan A)(1 − sec A + tan A)(1 + sec A tan A)
= ( sec2 A − tan 2 A) (1 − sec A + tan A)(1 − sec A tan A)
 1 sin A   1 sin A 
=1 − cos A + cos A  1 + cos A + cos A 
 cos A − 1 + sin A   cos A + 1 + sin A 

=  
 cos A  cos A 
 cos A + sin A2 − 1 
= 
 cos 2 A 
cos 2 A + sin 2 A + 2sin A cos A − 1
=
cos 2 A
1 + 2sin A cos A
= −1
cos 2 A
2sin A cos A
2
=  sin 2 A + cos 2 A 1
cos A
= 2 tan A
______________________________________________________________________________
26
______________________________________________________________________________
60.
Sol:
LHS =(1 + cot A − cos ecA)(1 + tan A + sec A)
 cos A 1   sin A 1 
=1 + −  1 + + 
 sin A sin A   cos A cos A 
 sin A + cos A − 1   cos A + sin A + 1 
=  
 sin  cos A 
( sin A + cos A) −1
2
=
sin A cos A
1 + 2sin A cos A − 1
=  sin A + cos A 1
2 2
sin A cos A
= 2.
61.
Sol:
LHS
( cos ecθ − sec θ )( cot θ − tan θ )
 1 1   cos θ sin θ 
 sin θ − cos θ   sin θ − cos θ 
 cos θ − sin θ   cos θ − sin θ 

2 2
 sin θ cos θ   sin θ cos θ 

 
 ( cos θ − sin θ )2 ( cos θ + sin θ ) 
 
 cos 2 θ sin 2 θ 
RHS
( cos ecθ + sec θ )( sec θ cos ecθ − 2 )
 1 1  1 1 
=  +   − − 2
 sin θ cos θ   cos θ sin θ 
 sin θ − cos θ  1 − 2sin θ cos θ 
=
 sin θ cos θ   sin θ cos θ 
 sin θ + cos θ   cos θ + sin θ − 2sin θ cos θ 
2 2
=  
 sin θ cos θ   sin θ cos θ 
( cos θ + sin θ )( cos θ − sin θ )
2
=  cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ
 1
sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
L.H .S = R.H .S Hence proved
______________________________________________________________________________
27
______________________________________________________________________________
62.
Sol:
LHS = ( sec A − cos ecA )(1 + tan A + cot A )
 1 1   sin A cos A 
=  − 1+ +
 cos A sin A   cos A sin A 
 sin A − cos A   cos A sin A + sin A + cos A 
2 2
=  
 sin A cos A   sin A cos A 
( sin A − cos A) ( sin 2 A + cos A sin A + cos 2 A)
=
sin 2 A cos 2 A
( sin 3
A − cos3 A )
sin A cos A 2 2  ( )
∴ ( a − b ) a 2 + ab +=
b (a 3
)
− b3 
=
RHS tan A sec A − cot A cos ecA
sin A 1 cos A 1
= × − ×
cos A cos A sin A cos A
sin A cos A
= −
cos 2 A sin A
sin 3 A − cos3 A
=
sin 2 A cos 2 A
L.H .S = R.H .S Hence proved.
63.
Sol:
cos A cos ecA − sin A sec A
LHS
cos A + sin A
1 1
cos A × − sin A ×
= sin A cos A
cos A + sin A
cos A sin A
−
= sin A cos A
cos A + sin A
cos 2 A − sin 2 A
= sin A cos A
cos A + sin A
cos 2 A − sin 2 A 1
= ×
sin A cos A cos A + sin A
=
( cos A + sin A)( cos A − sin A)
sin A cos A × ( cos A + sin A )
______________________________________________________________________________
28
______________________________________________________________________________
cos A − sin A
=
sin A cos A
cos A sin A
= −
1 1
= −
sin A cos A
= cos ecA − sec A
= R.H .S
Hence proved.
64.
Sol:
sin A cos A
=LHS +
1 sin A 1 cos A
+ −1 + −1
cos A cos A sin A sin A
sin A cos A
= +
1 + sin A − cos A 1 + cos A − sin A
cos A sin A
= +
1 + sin A − cos A 1 + cos A − sin A
 1 1 
= sin A cos A  + − sin A
1 + sin A − cos A 1 + cos A 
1 + cos A − sin A + cot A sin A − cos A 
= sin A cos A  
 (1 + sin θ − cos θ )(1 + cos A − sin A ) 
 2 
 cos A − sin A + sin A + sin A cos A − sin A − cos A − cos A + cos A sin A 
2 2
 2 
1 − sin A − cos A + 2sin A cos A 
2 2
 2 
( )
1 − sin 2 A + cos 2 A + 2sin A cos A 
 
sin A cos A  =
2

1 − 1 + 2sin A cos A 
( )
 sin 2 A + cos 2 A 1
2
= sin A × cos A ×
2sin A cos A
=1
L.H .S = R.H .S
______________________________________________________________________________
29
______________________________________________________________________________
65.
Sol:
tan A cos A 1 + tan 2 A = sec 2 A 
= +  
( sec A) ( cos ec A) 1 + cot A =
2 2
2 2 2
cos ec 2 A 
sin A cot A
= cos4 A + sin A4
sec A cos ec A
sin A cos A
= cos A + sin A
1 1
cos A sin 4 A
4
sin A cos 4 A cos A sin 4

= × + ×
cos A 1 sin A 1
= sin A × cos3 A + cos A − sin 3
= sin A cos A cos 2 A + sin 2 A ( )
= sin A cos A
L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence proved.
66.
Sol:
(
LHS = sec 4 A 1 − sin 4 A − 2 tan 4 A )
= sec 4 A − sec 4 A × sin 4 A − 2 tan 2 A
1
= sec 4 A − 4
× sin 4 − 2 tan 2 A
cos A
= sec A − tan 4 A − 2 tan 2 A
4
( sec= A ) tan A − 2 tan A

2
= 2 4 2
(1 + tan A) − tan A − 2 tan

2
= 2 4
 sec 2 A − tan 2 A =
2
A 1
=1 + tan 4 A + 2 tan 2 A − tan 4 A − 2 tan 2 A
= 1= RHS
Hence proved.
______________________________________________________________________________
30
______________________________________________________________________________
67.
Sol:
cos 2 A  1 
 − 1
sin A  cos A 
2
=
1 + sin A
cos A  1 − cos A 
2
 
sin 2 A  cos A 
=  sin 2 A + cos 2 A 1
1 + sin A
( cos A × cos A) 1 − cos A 
=
(
1 − cos 2 A  cos A  )
1 + sin A
= =
( cos A)(1 − cos A) 1
(1 + cos A)(1 − cos A) 1 + sin A
cos A
=
(1 + cos A)(1 + sin A)
Solving
 1 − sin A 
RHS = sec 2 
1 + sec A 
1 1 − sec A 
=
cos 2 A 1 + sec A 
1  1 − sec A 
= ( cos A)
cos 2 A  cos A + 1 
=
(1 − sin A)
( cos A)( cos A + 1)
By multiplying Nr and Dr with (1 + sin A )
=
(1 − sin A) × 1 + sin A
( cos A)(1 + cos A) 1 + sin A
(1) − sin 2 A
2
=
cos A (1 + cos A )(1 + sin A )
cos 2 A
=
cos A (1 + cos A )(1 + sin A )
cos 2 A
=
(1 + cos A)(1 + sin A)
L.H .S = R.H .S hence proved.
______________________________________________________________________________
31
______________________________________________________________________________
68.
Sol:
(1 + cot A + tan A)( sin A − cos A)
sin A − cos A + cot A sin A − cot A cos A + sin A tan A − tan A cos A
cos A sin A
sin A − cos A + × sin A − cot A cos A + sin A tan A − × cos A
sin A cos A
sin A − cos + cos A − cot A cos A + sin A tan A − sin A
= sin A cos A cos A cot A
Solving:
sec A cos ecA
−
cos ec A sec 2 A
2
1 1
cos A − sin A
1 1
sin A cos 2 A
2
sin 2 A cos 2 A
−
cos A sin A
sin 3 A − cos3 A
sin A cos A
sin A cos A
= sin A × − cos A ×
cos A sin A
= sin A tan A − cos A cot A
L.H .S = R.H .S
69.
Sol:
=LHS sin 2 A cos 2 B − cos 2 A sin 2 B.
( ) ( )(
=sin 2 A 1 − sin 2 B − 1 − sin 2 A sin 2 A ) ( cos 2
A =1 − sin 2 A )
= sin 2 A − sin 2 A sin 2 B − sin 2 B + sin 2 A sin 2 B
= sin 2 A − sin 2 B
R.H .S Hence Proved.
70.
Sol:
cot A + tan B
LHS =
cot B + tan A
______________________________________________________________________________
32
______________________________________________________________________________
cos A sin B
+
= sin A cos B
cos B cos ecA
+
sin B cos A
cos A cos B − sin A sin B
= sin A cos B
cos A cos B + sin A sin B
cos A sin B
cos A cos B + sin A sin B cos A sin B
×
sin A cos B cos A cos B + sin A sin B
cos A sin B
=
sin A cos B
= cot A tan B
= RHS
Hence proved
71.
Sol:
tan A + tan B
LHSS =
cot A + cot B
sin A sin B
+
= cos A cos B
cos A cos B
+
sin A sin B
sin A cos B + cos A sin B
= cos A cos B
cos A sin B + cos B sin A
sin A sin B
sin A cos B + cos A sin B sin A sin B
×
cos A cos B cos A sin B + cos B sin A
sin A sin B
=
cos A cos B
= tan A + tan B = RHS
Hence proved
72.
Sol:
=LHS cot 2 A cos ec 2 B − cot 2 B cos ec 2 A
= ( ) (
cot 2 A 1 + cot 2 B − cot 2 B 1 + cot 2 B )  cos ec 2θ =
1 + cot 2 θ 
= cot 2 A + cot 2 A cot 2 B − cot 2 B − cot 2 B cot 2 A
______________________________________________________________________________
33
______________________________________________________________________________
= cot 2 A − cot 2 B.
Hence proved
73.
Sol:
=LHS tan 2 A sec 2 B − sec 2 A tan 2 B
( )
= tan 2 A + 1 + tan 2 B − sec 2 A tan 2 A ( )
=tan 2 A + tan 2 A tan 2 B − tan 2 B 1 + tan 2 A ( ) ( sec 2
A=4 tan 2 A )
=tan 2 + tan 2 A tan 2 B − tan 2 B − tan 2 B tan 2 A
= tan 2 A − tan 2 B
= RHS
74.
Sol:
L.H .S= x 2 − y 2
= ( a sec θ + b tan θ ) − ( a tan θ + b sec θ )
2 2
= a 2 sec 2 θ + b 2 tan 2 θ + 2ab sec θ tan θ − a 2 tan 2 θ − b 2 sec θ − 2ab sec θ tan θ .
a 2 sec 2 θ − b 2 sec 2 θ + b 2 tan 2 θ − a 2 tan 2 θ
=−
( ) (
= sec 2 θ a 2 − b 2 + tan 2 θ b 2 − a 2 )
= sec θ ( a − b ) − tan θ ( a
2 2 2 2 2
− b2 )
=( a − b )( sec θ − tan θ )
2 2 2 2
 sec θ − tan θ =
2 2
1
= a 2 − b2
75.
Sol:
2 2
x y  x y 
(1) + (1)
 a cos θ + b sin θ  +  a sin θ − b cos θ  =
2 2
x2 y2 2 xy x2 y2
2
cos 2
θ + 2
sin 2
θ cos θ sin θ + 2
sin 2
θ + 2
cos 2 θ
a b ab a b
2 xy
− sin θ cos θ = 1+1
ab
x2 y2 y2 x2
2
cos θ + 2 cos θ + 2 sin θ + 2 sin 2 θ =
2 2 2
2
a b b a
 x2 y 2   x2 y 2 
cos 2 θ  2 + 2  + sin 2 θ  2 + 2  = 2
a b  a a 
______________________________________________________________________________
34
______________________________________________________________________________
 x2 y 2  2
(
 2 + 2  cos θ + sin θ =
2
)2
 a b 
x2 y 2
a 2
+ 2=
b
( )
∴ cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ = 1
76.
Sol:
cos ecθ − sin θ =
a3
1
− sin θ =a3
sin θ
1 − sin 2
= a3
sin θ
cos 2 θ
= a3
sin θ
1
cos 3 θ
a= 1
sin θ 3
4
cos θ
⇒ a2 = 3
2
sin θ
3
sec θ − cos θ =b3
1
cos θ = b3
cos θ
1 − cos 2 θ
= b3
cos θ
sin 2 θ
= b3
cos θ
2
sin θ 3
b= 1
cos 3 θ
Now, a 2b 2 ( a 2 + b 2 )
4
 4 4 4

cos θ sin θ  cos θ sin 3 θ 
3 3 3
= × =
2 2  2 2 
sin θ cos θ  sin θ cos 3 θ 
3 3  3
______________________________________________________________________________
35
______________________________________________________________________________
4−2  4 4

4 2
−
 cos 3
θ sin 3
θ 
cos θ × sin
= 3 3 3
+
 2 2 
 sin 3 θ cos 3 θ 
 
2 2  
cos 3 θ sin 3  =
 3 2
1
2
  cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ 1

( )
 sin θ cos 3 θ 
=1
L.H .S = R.H .S
77.
Sol:
2
= ( a cos θ + 3a cos θ sin
3 2
θ + a sin θ + 3a cos θ sin θ )
3 2 3
(
+ a cos3 θ + 3a cos θ sin 2 θ − a sin 3 θ − 3a cos 2 θ sin θ ) 3
1 2
= a 3
( cos θ + 3cos θ sin
3 2
θ + sin 3 θ + 3cos 2 θ sin θ ) 3
2 2
(
+ a 3 cos3 θ + 3cos θ sin 2 θ + sin 3 θ − 3cos 2 θ sin θ ) 3
1 2 2 2
= a ( cos θ + sin θ )  3 + a 3 ( cos θ − sin θ )  3

3 3
3
  
2 2
= a 3 ( cos θ + sin θ )  + a 3 ( cos θ − sin θ )
2 2
 
2
= a 3 cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ − 2sin θ cos θ 
2 2
= a 3 cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ + 2sin θ cos θ  + a 3 cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ − 2sin θ cos θ 
2 2
= a [1 + 2sin θ cos θ ] + a [1 − 2sin θ cos θ ]
3 3
2
= a [1 + 2sin θ cos θ + 1 − 2sin θ cos θ ]
3
1 2
= a 3 (1 + 1=
) 2a 3
= R.H .S
Hence proved.
______________________________________________________________________________
36
______________________________________________________________________________
78.
Sol:
=x a= cos3 θ : y b sin 3 θ
x y
= cos
= 3
θ: sin 3 θ
a b
2 2
 x 3  y 3
L.=
H .S   +  
a b 
2 2
= ( cos3 θ ) (
3 + sin 3 θ ) 3
= cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ (∴ cos θ + sin

2 2
θ = 1)
=1
Hence proved
79.
Sol:
Given 3sin θ + 5cos θ =
5
3sin θ = 5 − 5cos θ
θ 5 (1 − cos θ )
3sin=
5 (1 − cos θ )(1 − cos θ )
3sin θ =
1 + cos θ
3sin θ =
(
5 1 − cos 2 θ )
(1 + cos θ )
5sin 2 θ
3sin θ =
1 + cos θ
3 + 3cos θ = 5sin θ
=3 5sin − 3cos θ
= RHS
Hence proved.
80.
Sol:
R.H .S = m 2 sin 2
= ( a cos θ + b sin θ ) + ( a sin θ − b cos θ )
2 2
= a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ
______________________________________________________________________________
37
______________________________________________________________________________
+ a 2 sin 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ − 2ab sin θ cos θ

= a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ + a 2 sin 2 θ
( ) (
= a 2 sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ )
=+
a 2 b2 ( sin 2
1)
θ + cos 2 θ =
81.
Sol:
LHS = mn
( cos ecθ + cot θ )( cos ecθ − cot θ )
=
= cos ec 2θ − cot 2 θ
=1  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 cos ec 2θ − cot 2 θ = 1
= R.H .S
82.
Sol:
cos A + cos 2 A =
1
cos A = 1 − cos 2 A
cos A = sin 2 A
=
LHS sin 2 A + sin 4 A
= sin 2 A + sin 2 A ( )
= sin 2 A + ( cos A )
2
= sin 2 A + cos A
=1
83.
Sol:
1 1
−1 +1
=
LHS cos θ + cos θ
1 1
+1 −1
cos θ cos θ
= cos θ + cos θ
cos θ cos θ
______________________________________________________________________________
38
______________________________________________________________________________
= +
=
(1 − cos θ ) × (1 − cos θ ) + 1 + cos θ 1 + cos θ
×
(1 + cos θ ) 1 − cos θ 1 − cos θ 1 + cos θ
(1 − cos θ ) (1 + cos θ )
2 2
= +
1 − cos 2 θ 1 − cos 2 θ
= +
sin θ sin θ
1 − cos θ + 1 + cos θ
=
sin θ
2
=
sin θ
= 2 cos ec
(2) +
1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ
1 + sin θ (1 + sin θ ) 1 − sin θ 1 − sin θ
× + ×
1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ 1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ
(1 + sin θ ) (1 − sin θ )
2 2
=
1 − sin 2 θ 1 − sin 2 θ
(1 + cos θ ) (1 − cos θ )
2 2
= +
sin 2 θ sin 2 θ
= +
sin θ sin θ
2
= = 2 cos ecθ
sin θ
(3) Not given
sec θ − 1
(4)
sec θ + 1
______________________________________________________________________________
39
______________________________________________________________________________
1
−1
= cos θ
1
+1
cos θ
1 − cos θ
=
1 + cos θ
= ×
1 + cos θ 1 + cos θ
1 − cos 2 θ
=
(1 + cos θ )
2
sin 3
=
(1 + cos θ )
2
 sin θ 
2
=
1 + cos θ 
= RHS
Hence proved.
84.
Sol:
cos θ + cos 2 θ =
1
cos θ = 1 − cos 2 θ
cos θ = sin 2 θ ..... (1)
Now, sin12 θ + 3sin10 θ + 3sin 8 θ + sin 6 θ + 2sin 4 θ + 2sin 2 θ − 2
( sin θ ) + 3sin θ ⋅ sin θ ( sin θ + sin θ )
3
= 4 4 2 4 2
+ ( sin θ ) + 2 ( sin θ ) + 2sin θ 2

3 2
2 2 2
Using ( a + b ) = a 3 + b3 + 3ab ( a + b ) and also from

3
(1) sin 2 θ cos θ

( sin θ + sin θ ) + 2 cos θ + 2 cos θ − 2.
3
4 2 2
((sin θ ) + sin θ ) + 2 cos θ + 2 cosθ − 2

2
2
2 2
( cos + sin θ ) + 2 cos θ + 2 cos θ − 2

3
2 2 2
( cos + sin ) + 2 cos θ + 2sin θ − 2  sin

3
2 2 2 2
θ + cos 2 θ =
1
______________________________________________________________________________
40
______________________________________________________________________________
(
1 + 2 sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ − 2 )
1 + 2 (1) − 2
=1
L.H .S = R.H .S
Hence proved.
85.
Sol:
L.H.S
θ θ θ
We know that 1 + cos θ =
1 + cos 2 − sin 2 =
2 cos 2
2 2 2
α β γ
∴⇒ 2 cos 2 ⋅ 2 cos 2 ⋅ 2 cos 2 .... (1)
2 2 2
Multiply (1) with sin α sin β sin γ and divide it with same we get
2 α 2 β 2 γ
8cos cos cos
2 2 2 × sin α sin β sin γ
sin α sin β sin γ
α β γ
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 × sin α sin β sin γ
⇒ 2 2 2
α β γ
sin sin sin
2 2 2
α β γ
⇒ sin α sin β sin γ × cot cot cot
2 2 2
RHS (1 − cos α )(1 − cos β )(1 − cos γ )
θ θ θ
We know that 1 − cos θ =
1 − cos 2 + sin 2 =2sin 2
2 2 2
α β γ
⇒ 2sin 2 2 ⋅ sin 2 ⋅ 2sin 2
2 2 2
Multiply and divide by sin α sin β sin γ we get
α β γ
2sin 2 2sin 2 2sin 2 ⋅ sin α sin β sin γ
2 2 2
sin α sin β sin γ
α β γ
2sin 2 ⋅ 2sin 2 ⋅ 2sin 2 ⋅ sin α sin β sin γ
⇒ 2 2 2
α β β β γ γ
2sin cos 2sin cos 2sin cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
α β γ
⇒ tan tan tan sin α sin β sin γ
2 2 2
______________________________________________________________________________
41
______________________________________________________________________________
Hence sin α sin β sin γ is the member of equality.
86.
Sol:
sin θ + cos θ =
x
Squaring on both sides
( sin θ + cos θ )
2
=
x2
⇒ sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + 2sin θ cos θ =
x2
x2 −1
∴ sin θ cos θ = ...... (1)
2
We know sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =
1
( sin θ + cos 2 θ ) =
(1)
3 3
2
(
sin 6 θ + cos6 θ + 3sin 2 θ cos 2 θ sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =
1 )
⇒ sin 6 θ + cos6 7 =
1 − 3sin 2 θ cos 2 θ
(x )
2
2
−1
= 1− 3 from (1)
4
( )
2
4 − 3 x2 −1
∴ sin θ + cos θ =
6 6
4
Hence proved
87.
Sol:
x 2 = a 2 sec 2 θ cos 2 θ ..... ( i )
y 2 = b 2 sec 2 θ sin 2 θ .... ( ii )
z 2 = c 2 tan 2 θ .... ( iii )
Exercise 6.2
1.
Sol:
2
4
We have sin θ =−
1 cos θ =−
1   2
5
______________________________________________________________________________
42
______________________________________________________________________________
16
= 1−
25
16
= 25 −
25
9 3
= =
25 5
3
∴ sin θ =
5
sin θ 3 / 5 3 1 1 5
=
tan θ = = sec = θ ==
cos θ 4 / 5 4 cos θ 4 4
5
1 1 5 1 1 4
cos ec= = = cot θ= = = .
sec θ 3 3 tan θ 3 3
5 4
2.
Sol:
2
1
We have cos θ =−
1 sin θ =−
2
1  
2
1−1 1
= =
2 2
1
∴ cos θ =
2
1
sin θ 2 1
=
tan θ = =
cos θ 1
2
1 1
=
cos ec θ = = 2
sin θ 1
2
1 1
=
sec θ = = 2
cos θ 1
2
1 1
cot θ= = = 1
tan θ 1
______________________________________________________________________________
43
______________________________________________________________________________
3.
Sol:
We know that sec θ= 1 + tan 2 θ
2
 1 
= 1+  
 2
1 3
= 1+ =
2 2
1 1
=
cot θ = = 2
tan θ 1
2
cos ecθ = 1 + cot 2 θ ⇒ 1 + 2 = 3
Substituting it in (1) we get
( ) ( )
2 2 3 3
3 − 3 3−
⇒ = 2= 2
( ) ( ) +
2 2
3 + 3 3 2 5
3
=
10
4.
Sol:
2
3 9
sec θ =1 + tan 2 θ =1 +   =1 +
4 16
16 − 9 5
⇒ =
16 4
1 1 4
∴ sec θ = = == cos θ
cos θ 5 5
4
4 1
1−
∴ We get 5= 5= 1 .
4 9 9
1+
5 5
______________________________________________________________________________
44
______________________________________________________________________________
5.
Sol:
1 1 5
θ
cot= = =
tan θ 12 12
5
144 + 25
2
5 169 13
1 cot θ =+
cos ec =+ 1   =
2
= =.
12  (12 )
2
144 12
1 1 12
θ
sin= = = .
cos ecθ 13 13
12
12 13 + 12
1+
We get 13
= 18 = 25 = 25
12 13 − 12 1
1−
13 18
6.
Sol:
1 4
cos ecθ = 1 + cot 2 θ = 1+ =
3 3
2
∴ cos ecθ =
3
1 1 3
θ
sin= = =
cos ecθ 2 2
3
3
1 sin θ sin θ 1
and = =cos = ⇒ 2 = .
cot θ cos θ 1 3 2
cos θ
∴ on substituting we get
1 3
1−
4= 4= 3 .
3 5 5
2−
4 4
7.
Sol:
=
We know that cot A cos ec 2 A − 1
______________________________________________________________________________
45
______________________________________________________________________________
( 2)
2
= − 1= 2 −1
−1.
1 1
tan A= = = 1
cot A 1
1 1 1
sin A = A = ∴ sin A =
cos ec 2 2
2
 1  1 1
cos A 1 − sin A =1 −   −
2
= .
 2 2 2
On substituting we get
3
 1 
+ 3 [1] 1
2
2  2= +3
 2 = 2
  1   4 1 − 1 
2
4 (1) −   
  2    2 
1+ 3 4
⇒ == 2.
1 2
4⋅
2
8.
Sol:
( 3)
2
cos ecθ = 1 + cot 2 θ = 1+ = 1+ 3 = 2
1 1 cos θ
sin θ = θ = cot θ = ∴ cos θ = cot θ ⋅ sin θ
cos ec 2 sin θ
3
⇒ cos θ =
2
1 2
=
sec θ =
cos θ 3
On substituting we get
( 2) (=
3)
2 2
+ 4+3 7
=
 2 
2
12 − 4 8
( 2)
2
−  3 3
 3
21
= .
8
______________________________________________________________________________
46
______________________________________________________________________________
9.
Sol:
1
cos θ= =
sin 1 + cos 2 θ
3
1 8 2 2
= 1− = =
9 9 3
sin θ 2 2
=
tan θ = = 2 2
cos θ 3 ⋅ 1
3
On substituting in (1) we get
2
2 2 
( )
2
6  + 2 2 3 16 + 24
3 6⋅
  = = 5 3
1 4 4
4⋅
3 5 3
40
= = 10
4
10.
Sol:
sin θ
3⋅ =sin θ
cos θ
3 1
θ
cos= ⇒
3 3
2
 1 
sin θ =−
1 cos θ =−
1  
2
 3
2
 2  1 
2
∴ sin θ − cos θ = 
2 2
 −  
 3   3
2 1 1
= − =
3 3 3
______________________________________________________________________________
47
______________________________________________________________________________
11.
Sol:
1 1 12
θ
sin= = =
cos ecθ 13 13
12
2
12  144
cos θ =−
1 sin 2 θ =−
1   =− 1
 13  169
25 5
= =
169 13
12 5 24 − 15
2 ⋅ − 3⋅
9
⇒ 13 13 = 13 = =
3
12 5 48 − 15 3
4⋅ −9⋅
13 13 13
12.
Sol:
=
L.H .S ⇒ sin θ + cos θ  cos ( 90 − θ ) sin θ 
2 sin θ =
⇒ cos θ − sin θ ( 2 ) − sin θ

cos θ − sin θ ( 2 − 1)
Divide both sides with sin θ we get
cos θ sin θ
=
sin θ sin θ
(
2 −1 )
θ
= cot= 2 −1
______________________________________________________________________________
48
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Prove the following trigonometric identities:

R.H .S ⇒ 1 − cos 2 θ 1 sin θ + cos 2 θ 

= cos ecθ ⋅ sin θ

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⇒ 1 + cot 2 θ − (1 − cos 2 θ )  cos ec 2θ =

 cos ec 2θ = 1 + cot 2 θ 

cos ec 2θ ⋅ tan θ 1 cos 2 θ sin θ

⇒ 1 + tan 2 θ − (1 − sin 2 θ )  sec 2 θ =

1 − sin 2 A 1 − cos 2 A sin 2 A + cos 2 A

⇒ sec 2 θ ⋅ cos 2 θ  sec 2 θ =

 sec 2 A − tan 2 A =

(1 + cos A)(1 − cos A) = 1 − cos 2 A

(1 + sin A)(1 + sin A) =

⇒  (1 + sin A )(1 − sin A ) =

(1 − sin A)(1 + sin A)

⇒  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a − b 1 − cos A = sin A

( cot A − cos ecA)

2sec A 2 ⋅1cos 2 A  1 sin 2 A 

∴ LHS = RHS Hence proved.

L.H .S = R.H .S Hence Proval.

= tan 2 θ + sec 2 θ + 2 tan θ sec θ + tan 2 θ + sec 2 θ + 2 tan θ sec θ .

− cos 2 θ cos ec θ − sin θ 

 cos θ (1 + sin θ ) + sin θ (1 + cos θ ) 

cos θ (1 + sin θ ) + sin θ (1 + cos θ )

cos 4 θ + cos 4 θ sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ + sin 4 θ cos 2 θ

 (1)2 + sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ + 2 ×1× sin θ + 2 × sin θ ( − cos θ ) − 2 cos θ 

 cos A − 1 + sin A   cos A + 1 + sin A 

 cos θ − sin θ   cos θ − sin θ 

 sin θ cos θ   sin θ cos θ 

sin A cos 4 A cos A sin 4

( sec= A ) tan A − 2 tan A

(1 + tan A) − tan A − 2 tan

= a ( cos θ + sin θ )  3 + a 3 ( cos θ − sin θ )  3

= cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ (∴ cos θ + sin

= a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 sin 2 θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ

+ a 2 sin 2 θ + b 2 cos 2 θ − 2ab sin θ cos θ

(3) Not given

+ ( sin θ ) + 2 ( sin θ ) + 2sin θ 2

Using ( a + b ) = a 3 + b3 + 3ab ( a + b ) and also from

(1) sin 2 θ cos θ

((sin θ ) + sin θ ) + 2 cos θ + 2 cosθ − 2

( cos + sin θ ) + 2 cos θ + 2 cos θ − 2

( cos + sin ) + 2 cos θ + 2sin θ − 2  sin

⇒ cos θ − sin θ ( 2 ) − sin θ

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