Mathematics Assignment

Student Name:

Instructor Name:

Course Number:

3rd July 2019

Part I

Question 1:

a) Average raining days has an inverse relation with total number of speeding tickets.

As the average raining days increase, the total number of speeding tickets decrease and vice versa.

b) There is a direct relation between the number of people in a theater and the total sales.
An increase in the number of people in a theater results in an increase in the total sales and vice versa.

Question 2:

Real life example.

i) Normal distribution
The normal weight at birth for newborns.
Usually many newborns at birth have normal weight whereas few of them tend to have either lower or higher
than the normal.
ii) Uniform distribution.
Rolling a single die.
The probability of getting any face showing up is constant.
iii) Exponential distribution
The time taken for a radioactive particle to decay.
The number of particles of the a radioactive material decreases with time.
iv) Bimodal distribution
The peak hours at a restaurant.
There will be more customers entering the restaurant especially during lunch and dinner time in a given day.

Question 3:

The total area under a histogram in binomial distribution can be compared with the area under normal distribution.

Question 4:

Discrete variables are the variables that can be obtained by counting whereas continuous variables is that which
measures something. On the other hand, discrete variable will take independent values while continuous variables
takes values within a given range.

Part II

Question 1:
5 1
a) 𝑃𝑟(𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙) = =
25 5

𝑃𝑟(𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑒𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 2) = 𝑃𝑟(𝑥 = 0) 𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑟(𝑥 = 1)

Pr(X = 0) = 5C0 (0.25)0 (0.75)5 = 0.2373

Pr(X = 1) = 5C1(0.25)1 (0.75)4 = 0.3955

Pr(team having fewer than 2) = Pr(x=0) or Pr(x = 1) = 0.2373 + 0.3955 = 0.6328

Pr(team having fewer than 2)=0.6328

1
b) Expected number = × 5 = 1
5
Question 2:

with replacement
12
R= RRR
19

7
B= RRB
19

12
R=
19

7 12
B= R= RBR
19 19

12 7
R= B= RBB
19 19

12
R = BRR
19

7 12 7
B= R= B= BRB
19 19 19

7 12
B= R= BBR
19 19

7
B= BBB
19

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠) = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏(𝑅𝐵𝐵) 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏(𝐵𝑅𝐵) 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏(𝐵𝐵𝑅)

12 7 7 7 12 7 7 7 12
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠) = ( × × )+( × × )+ ( × × )
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19

588 588 588 1764

= + + =
6859 6859 6859 6859

𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟒
Probability(two black marbles with replacement) =
𝟔𝟖𝟓𝟗

10
R= RRR
17

7
B= RRB
17

11
R=
18

7 11
B= R= RBR
18 17

12 6
R= B= RBB
19 17

11
R = BRR
17

7 12 6
B= R= B= BRB
19 18 17
 6 12
B= R= BBR
18 17

5
B= BBB
17

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠) = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏(𝑅𝐵𝐵) 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏(𝐵𝑅𝐵) 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏(𝐵𝐵𝑅)

12 7 6 7 12 6 7 6 12
Probability(two black marbles)= ( × × ) +( × × )+ ( × × )
19 18 17 19 18 17 19 19 17

504 504 504 1512

= + + =
5814 5814 5814 5814

𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐
Probability(two black marbles without replacement) =
𝟓𝟖𝟏𝟒

Question 3:

a)
4 3 2
P(10$ certificate) = , P(20$ certificate) = P(50$ certificate) =
9 9 9

Probability(none being 20$ certificate) = 1 – probability(all being 20$ certificate)

3 3 3 3 3 1 242
=1 - ( × × × × )=1- =
9 9 9 9 9 243 243

𝟐𝟒𝟐
Probability(none being 20$ certificate) =
𝟐𝟒𝟑

b)

Expected number of 50$ certificate = probability of 50$ certificate × number of 50$ certificate

= P(50$ certificate)× n
2 4
= × 2 =
9 9

Question 4:

x -50 0 50 100

P(X=x) 0.15 0.45 0.3 0.2

The weighted average is the expected value of a discrete random variable, X. Each value of X is weighted by its
probability. Taking the expected value of x as µ𝑥 , then

µ𝑥 =𝑥1 p1 + x2p2 +…………..xkpk=∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑝𝑖

The expected value of X=(-50×0.15)+(0×0.45)+(50×0.3)+(100×0.2)

= -7.5+0+15+20=27.5
The expected value of X=27.5

Question 5:

a)
Pr(X = 0) = 6C0(0.35)0 (0.65)6 = 0.0754
 Pr(X=1) = 6C1(0.35)1(0.65)5 = 0.2437

Pr(X=2) = 6C2(0.35)2(0.65)4 = 0.3280

Pr(X=3) = 6C3(0.35)3(0.65)3 = 0.2355

b)

Pr (X < 4) = Pr(X = 0) + Pr(X = 1) + Pr(X = 2) + Pr(X = 3) = 0.0754 + 0.2437 + 0.3280 + 0.2355 = 0.8826

Pr (X < 4) = 0.8826

c)

Pr(X=0) = 6C0(0.35)0 (0.65)6 = 0.0754

Pr(X = 1) = 6C1(0.35)1 (0.65)5 = 0.2437

Pr(X = 2) = 6C2(0.35)2(0.65)4 = 0.3280

Pr(X = 3) = 6C3(0.35)3 (0.65)3 = 0.2355

Pr(X = 4) = 6C4(0.35)4(0.65)2 = 0.0951

Pr(X = 5) = 6C5(0.35)5 (0.65)1 = 0.0204

Pr(X = 6) = 6C6(0.35)6 (0.65)0 = 0.0018

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Sample space of x
Probability 0.0754 0.2437 0.3280 0.2355 0.0951 0.0204 0.0018

Sample space 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
of x
Cumulative 0.0754 0.3191 0.6471 0.8826 0.9777 0.9981 1.000
probability

probability density function

0.35
0.3
0.25
Probability

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X
 cumulative density function
1.2

1
cumulative probability

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X

Question 6:

5
𝑃𝑟(𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = = 0.05
100
Pr(X = 0) = 15C0(0.05)0 (0.95)15 = 0.4633

Pr(X = 1) = 15C1(0.05)1 (0.95)14 = 0.3657

Pr(X = 2) = 15C2(0.05)2 (0.95)13 = 0.1348

Pr(X = 3) = 15C3(0.05)3 (0.95)12 = 0.0307

Pr(X = 4) = 15C4(0.05)4 (0.95)11 = 0.0049

Pr(X = 5) = 15C5(0.05)5 (0.95)10 = 0.0006

Pr(X = 6) = 15C6(0.05)6 (0.95)9 = 0.000049

Pr(X = 7) = 15C7(0.05)7 (0.95)8 = 0.00000016

Pr(X = 8) = 15C8(0.05)8(0.95)7 = 0.000000175

Pr(X = 9) = 15C9(0.05)9(0.95)6 = 0.000000007

Pr(X = 10) = 15C10(0.05)10 (0.95)5 = 0

Pr(X = 11) = 15C11(0.05)11 (0.95)4 = 0

Pr(X = 12) = 15C12(0.05)12 (0.95)3 = 0

Pr(X = 13) = 15C13(0.05)13 (0.95)2 = 0

Pr(X = 14) = 15C14(0.05)14 (0.95)1 = 0

Pr(X = 15) = 15C15(0.05)15 (0.95)0 = 0

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
probability 0.4633 0.3657 0.1348 0.0307 0.0049 0.0006 0.00005 0 0

x 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
probability 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Probability distribution
0.5

0.4

0.3
Probability

0.2

0.1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
-0.1
X

From the graph, probability (at least 7 reservation cancelled) = 0

Question 7:

a) Using binomial distribution

Pr(exactly 40 not belonging to a union)= Pr(exactly 30 belonging to a union)

Pr(exactly 30 belonging to a union) =70C30(0.36)30(0.64)40 =0.0478

Pr(exactly 40 not belonging to a union)= 0.0478

b) Discrete variables are the variables that can be obtained by counting whereas continuous variables is that which
measures something .On the other hand, discrete variable will take independent values while continuous
variables takes values within a given range.

c) The challenge when conducting continuous frequency distribution is that when the variables are too close then
we may not get an accurate results due to the fact that the values may overlap.
Question 8:

120

100

80
Test scores

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
homework hours

This is a normal distribution.

Properties

 Most of the observations are clustered around the central peak (mean).
 Mean equals the median and lie in the middle.
 It has a symmetric shape