Water As A Weapon - Israel National News

5/9/2019 Water as a weapon - Israel National News
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Main > OpEds > Water as a weapon
‫ חידוש דרכון‬,‫הגשת בקשות‬

Water as a weapon ‫והפקדה‬
The PA has not implemented any of the water saving methods Israel uses or ES Israel
adopted any water projects to improve their situation, but that doesn't keep ‫המערכת היחידה שמציעה זימון תורים לשגרירות‬
them from claiming falsely that Israel is using their water. And demanding ‫ להזמנת תור בקלות הקליקו‬.‫הרומנית בעברית‬
more.
 Contact Editor Dr. Alex Grobman, 17/06/16 07:51  Share   

OPEN
Palestinian Arabs continually portray themselves as victims of the
Jewish state. Among their many false and slanderous accusations is
that Israel is responsible for the water crisis that affects their cities, Most Popular
towns and villages.
The scarcity of fresh water has become a major global problem as a Dr. Alex Grobman
result of a steep increase in population, agriculture and industrial Dr. Alex Grobman is a
historian and author of The
growth, obsolete infrastructure, excessive extraction of water from Palestinian Right To Israel
aquifers, inefficient planting of crops, and pollution from fertilizers (Balfour Books, 2010). He
coauthored "Denying
and pesticides and a decrease in rainfall. History: Who Says The
Holocaust Never

Happened And Why Do 'Israel won't let Iran get nuclear
Instead of surrendering to this seemingly insurmountable They Say It?" (University of
California Press, 2000). His
environmental challenge, Israel has mastered the management of newest book is License to
her water resources enabling the country to withstand periodic Murder: The Enduring
Threat of the Protocols of
droughts. As one expert observed, “Israel has transformed water the Elders of Zion.
from a struggle with nature to an economic input: You can get all you More from the author ►
want if you plan and pay for it.” [1]
Rather than managing their own water resources and assuming responsibility for the water

Live: Independence Day torch
shortages in Judea and Samaria in areas under its control, the Palestinian Authority accuses
Israel of securing a disproportionate amount of water for Israeli citizens at the expense of the
Palestinian Arabs.
The Palestinian Arabs want a significant volume of water reallocated for their use. Some
contend the water should be distributed according to the quantity of rain accumulating in each
other’s territory. Determining how much freshwater from aquifers and groundwater belongs to
each party is problematic, since water does not flow according to boundaries. There are also 
questions about the amount of rain that accumulates and the volume of storage capacity Watch: Rivlin's Independence Day
available under each party’s territory, “or some combination of the two.” The primary problem
is there is not sufficient fresh water in the Middle East for everyone. [2] Op-Eds
Israelis argue that they should not be penalized for investing large sums of funds in
equipment and technology enabling them to obtain water and manage it wisely and
economically in the public and private sectors. [3] Israel has built desalination plants,
Formelle 40 Weißlack Schiebetür Lebo
developed recycling water technology, conceived a strategy for transporting water and 221,90 € deinetuer.de | Sponsored
devised methods to harvest rainwater and reuse wastewater. More than 80% of all municipal
sewage in Israel is reclaimed, which is considerably more than that of any other country. The
U.S. only recycles two to three percent of its municipal water. By 2020, treated wastewater is Read Next Story
From the Hebrew press: The unadorned
expected to satisfy 50% of Israel’s agricultural requirements, and eventually 100% of
www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/19049 1/11
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agriculture’s needs. [4]
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These innovations, together with a number of
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water conservation measures, are vital for an
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 
arid country with more than eight million people.
 waivers
This is especially true after successive years of
drought have worsened ground and surface It's the IDF against the Islamic
water scarcity and harmed Israel’s stream and
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#Anti-Semitism
wetland ecological systems. [5]
Israel has several desalination plants @twitter
including the Sorek plant, the world's largest
Arutz Sheva
desalination plant of its kind, which became fully
A Twitter list by @ArutzSheva_En
operational in October
2013. Israel plans to increase her total desalination capacity through
LTC (R) Peter Lerner
2020 until it approaches the estimated annual amount of internally @LTCPeterLerner
Israelis argue that generated natural water resources. [6] Nearly 35 percent of Israel's
#YomHaatzmaut #IndependenceDay
they should not be drinkingquality water emanates from desalination. That number is
penalized for expected to surpass 40 percent by 2015 and 70 percent in 2050. [7]
investing large sums
The plant, extending almost six football fields in length, is located
of funds in equipment
and technology
approximately 10 miles south of Tel Aviv. The vast complex is
fortified with fences, security cameras and guards. To prevent cyber
enabling them to
attacks, it is not connected to the Internet. The plant generates
obtain water and
manage it wisely.
around 20 percent of Israel's municipal water, drawing in seawater
from the Mediterranean Sea “through a pair of 2.5meterwide pipes,
filtering it through advanced ‘membranes’ that remove the salt, and
churning out clean drinking water. A salty discharge, or brine, gets
pumped back into the sea, where it is quickly absorbed.”[8]
Avshalom Felber, chief executive of IDE Technologies, the company operating the plant, said
Sorek produces 624,000 cubic meters of potable water every day. The production cost is
among the lowest in the world, providing a typical family with water for about $300 to $500 a
year. [9]
The plant has been profound development for Israel. “We have all the water we need, even in
the year which was the worst year ever regarding precipitation," said Avraham Tenne, head of
the desalination division of Israel's Water Authority. "This is a huge revolution." For Gidon
Bromberg, the Israel director of Friends of the Earth Middle East, an environmental advocacy
group, "Desalination, combined with Israel's leadership in wastewater reuse, presents political Judaism
opportunities that were not available even five years ago." [10]
The distribution of Israeli water has become an effective weapon used against Israel. When
European Parliament President Martin Schulz addressed the Israeli Knesset in German in
February 2014, he quoted an Arab he met in Ramallah who asked “How can it be that Israelis
are allowed to use 70 liters of water per day, but Palestinians only 17?" In other words, why is
the average amount of water available to the Israelis significantly more than allotted to the
average Palestinian Arab? [11] The goal of Israel’s wars
The question angered Naftali Bennett, leader of The Jewish Home party, who invited Schulz
to speak to the Knesset. [12] “The words that were heard in the Knesset are very grave,”
Bennett said. “Silence in the face of false propaganda legitimizes actions against Israelis. I
will not accept false moralizing against the people of Israel, in Israel’s Knesset. Certainly not
in German.”
Later he wrote on Facebook that, “Israel’s
Tachanun on Erev Yom Haatzmaut
mistake is that it has always been silent in the
face of lies. No longer.”[13]
Inside Israel
Bennett, members of his party and other MKs,
left the Knesset hall in protest after shouting that
Schulz was echoing Palestinian Arab lies. [15]
Prime Minister Netanyahu sought to set the Formelle 40 Weißlack Schiebetür Lebo
221,90 € deinetuer.de | Sponsored
record straight when he said, “According to both
the Palestinian water authority and our data,
these facts are incorrect. The parliament Read Next Story
president said, in all honestly, ‘I didn’t check.’ PM Netanyahu's Greeting for Israel's
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But that didn’t prevent him from casting
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aspersions. While they repeat accusations against Israel without examining them, they seal
their ears from other things,” he added, referring to assurances from Schulz that Iran had Spotlight
ceased calling for the destruction of Israel. [16] Pompeo: No more
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Perhaps this episode might have been avoided had EU Ambassador to Israel Lars Faaborg
Andersen invited a more representative group to a dinner he hosted in honor of Schulz a day Watch: Rivlin's Independence Day
before the Knesset speech. Labor MK Hilik Bar was the only politician at the event.
Inexplicably, none of the invitees were from the government or rightwing parties. [17]
Jewish World
Schulz informed the group that had just returned from visiting the Palestinian Authority, where
they informed him of the water problem and their lack of freedom of movement. Not one of the
participants at the dinner took issue with these distortions. Some even said that international
pressure would enable Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to make the necessary decisions
to reach a peace agreement. [18]
At a news conference in Ramallah in July 2012, Shaddad Attili, the head of the Palestinian
Water Authority, charged that Israel allots 70 times more water to every Israeli settler than to Free measles vaccines to be available in
the average Palestinian Arab in Judea and Samaria, approximately a quarter of the 400
million cubic meters required by international criterion.[19]
Attil claimed that most of the water resources in Judea, Samaria and Gaza are controlled by
Israel, which will not increase the allocation for the Arab Palestinians, compelling the
Palestinian Water Authority to purchase water from Israel. The authority, already mired in
financial crisis, is then forced to add billions more shekels to its debt. Further exacerbating
the problem, he said, is that 95 percent of the water is not safe to drink, and sea water, French widower leaves Israel $14.5
polluted with sewage threatens the longterm health of the population with kidney disease. At
this rate there might not be any drinking water available in Gaza within one year. [20]
A comprehensive report detailing how Israel “has neglected its responsibilities under
International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law as well as UN
resolutions for the respect, protection and fulfillment of the rights to water and sanitation of
Palestinians” was sent to the U.N. Human Rights Council in February 2013. [21]
For years, most of the media supported the Arab
Palestinian account of the water problem. [22] In
2012, Lauro Burkart, a Swiss graduate student,
wrote “The Politicization of the Oslo Water
Agreement,” which provided an independent
analysis of the scarcity of water. [23] Burkart
interviewed Palestinian Arabs, Israelis,
representatives of NGOs and contributor Op-Eds
nations, and examined original documents
including the minutes of the meetings of the joint
Israeli Palestinian Water Committee (JWC). [24]
With regard to Shaddad Attili, Burkart
concluded: “His water policy is very political. He
conceded to internal pressures that are directed against the Israeli occupation….As a reaction
to these pressures, he refuses any further cooperation and blames Israel for the slow From the Hebrew press: The unadorned
development of the water sector. He was able to convince the international community of his
view by emphasizing the sometimes difficult approval process in the framework of the JWC or
C.A [Israeli Civil Administration]. His goal is clearly to fight the Israeli presence in the West
Bank and not to solve the issue of water scarcity.” [25]
The result of this politicization Burkart said is “a complete stagnation of the water negotiations
during the last five years. The JWC is neither meeting often nor regularly and wastewater as
well as desalination projects are not advancing. If this situation lasts, the region will suffer It's the IDF against the Islamic
serious consequences as increased population growth will raise the demand. Meanwhile,
water tables will lower due to over extraction and wastewater intrusion of groundwater.
Therefore, a solution is absolutely necessary.”
Another element of the problem is that “there is well founded evidence of mismanagement Formelle 40 Weißlack Schiebetür Lebo
within the PWA [Palestinian Water Authority]. Furthermore, “there is no clear legal separation
between the political and executive level within the Palestinian water institutions.”[26]
Read Next Story
Burkart found the objectives of the Oslo II water agreement have been achieved regarding the
amount of water supplied to the Palestinian Arab population (178 mcm/year in 2006). The
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Oslo water agreement estimated that demand would eventually reach 200
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mcm/year. Therefore, “the current situation by far exceeds the additional water supply that
was agreed upon for the interim period, 28.6 mcm/year, and reaches almost the estimated Spotlight
future needs. The goals of Oslo have been reached regarding the quantities supplied to the Pompeo: No more
  
Palestinian population.” [27] waivers
Haim Gvirtzman, a professor of hydrology at the Institute of Earth Sciences at the Hebrew
University, and a member of the Water Authority Council, also refutes the PA’s allegations that
it is negatively affected by water shortages and cites international law to prove his argument.
“These claims,” Gvirtzman points out, “amount to more than 700 million cubic meters of water
per year(MCM/Y), including rights over the groundwater reservoir of the Mountain Aquifer[
shared by Israelis and Palestinian Arabs with an multiannual average of water with the aquifer
at 679 MCM], the Gaza Strip Coastal Aquifer and the Jordan River. These demands amount
to more than 50 percent of the total natural water available between the Mediterranean Sea
and the Jordan River.” Significantly, formerly classified records confirms that at present there Judaism
is practically no difference in per capita of natural water consumption between Israelis and
Palestinian Arabs. [28]
There is no justification, Gvirtzman argues, for the Palestinian Arabs to demand more water
based international legal standards. The Palestinian Arabs and Israelis signed a water
agreement, which delineates the amount of water to be allocated, and Israel has exceeded
this requirement. Israel’s possession of the Mountain Aquifer was legally established in the
1940s. The Aquifer legitimately belongs to the state of Israel. [29] Tachanun on Erev Yom Haatzmaut
The Palestinian Arabs should not be pumping groundwater from the Western Aquifer, used by
Israel, before first exploiting the groundwater from the Eastern Aquifer, which is not being
utilized. Finally, Gvirtzman said the Palestinian Arabs should be “preventing leaks in domestic
pipelines, implementing conservative irrigation techniques, and reusing sewage water as
irrigation.” Since the Palestinian Arabs have not implemented any of these water saving
suggestions or adopted any water projects to improve the situation, they have no right to
demand any more water from Israel. [30]
The goal of Israel’s wars
There are other problems as well. The Palestinian Arabs do not have a centralized water
supply and illegal drilling is widespread. [31] Haim Gvirtzman found there are more than 250
such illicit wells, which extract about 15 MCM /Y of water. These pirated wells are then
connected to the PA’s electricity grid. Arutz 7 Specials
The PA illegally and secretly connects to the water lines of Israel's Mekorot National Water
Company in order to steal Israel's water from wherever they can. [32] Since it costs nothing,
there is no reason to conserve, resulting in excessive domestic and agricultural water use.
[33]
Palestinian Arab farmers, for example, regularly “overwater their crops” through antiquated,
wasteful flooding processes. A minimum one third of the water extracted from the ground Let all who are needy come and eat
(again, in violation of their accords with Israel) is squandered through seepage and
mismanagement. They do not recycle the water or use treated water for agriculture. [34]
Actually, 95 percent of the 56 million cubic meters of sewage Palestinian Arabs annually
produce is not treated at all. In the last 15 years, only one sewage plant has been constructed
in Judea and Samaria and international donors have provided $500 million for this purpose.
[35]
One of the consequences of Arab refusal to work with Israel is that virtually all of the 52 mcm Time flies Legacies last forever
of waste water produced by the Palestinian Arab population runs untreated into Israel and
Judea and Samaria, where it pollutes shared groundwater resources. Nonetheless, the
Palestinian Arabs maintain that Israel is obstructing their waste water infrastructure. [36]
This is not by accident. A senior engineer at Israel's Water and Sewage Authority declared,
“The Palestinian Authority has methodically committed a disgusting offense against us over a
long period of time. Not only have they hindered the building of sewage treatment plants, but
they've intentionally streamed massive flows of waste into Israel's streams and rivers." [37]
Stone and marble quarries in Hevron are especially responsible for the high concentration of
pollutants. Serious damage has been caused as a result to Israeli sewage treatment plants
and rivers in the Negev region and the ecosystem. About three million residents are affected
by these dangerous environmental threats. [38] Read Next Story
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"The lives of thousands of residents of Beer Sheva and surrounding towns have become
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insufferable due to the sewage that gushes out to the wadis and creates stagnant pools of
water which turn into breeding grounds for particularly aggressive species of mosquitoes," Spotlight
said Mark Lautman, a spokesman for the Neve Noy neighborhood, which is located near the Pompeo: No more
  
Beer Sheva Stream. [39]. waivers
The Palestinian Arabs refuse to ameliorate the situation even though the majority of their
waste water treatment and reuse projects have received foreign funding and are supported by
Israel. When Colonel Avi Shalev of the Civil Administration and PWA officials met in
November 2011 Shalev offered Israel’s help in financing water and waste water projects in
Judea and Samaria, they didn’t respond. [40]
They also rejected an Israeli proposal to construct a desalination plant in Hadera south of
Haifa and pump the desalinated water to the northern West Bank because Israel would then
be in an upstream position in the area. An additional reason concerned water rights; the
Arabs claimed they were entitled to Mountain Aquifers. [41]
To further his antiIsrael campaign, while portraying the Palestinian Arabs as the victim, Attili
had a Palestinian Water Authority team cease working on an Israeli desalination program
claiming that Israel had demolished a number of illegal wells. The Joint Water Committee
decided to destroy the wells because drilling reduced the amount of water produced by legal
wells and damaged the main aquifers. Several notices were sent to the PWA alerting them of
their plan to implement the JWC decision, yet the PWA never responded. It took four years
for the Israelis destroy the illegal wells. [42]
Attilli’s strategy has worked. The international community is convinced that Israel is
responsible for the protracted delay in water treatment plants in the Palestinian Arab
areas. Even Abdelkarim Yakobi, the project manager in the department of water, transport
and energy at the Office of the EU representative for the West Bank and Gaza, shares this
view about Israel’s failure. [43]
Journalist Yochanan Visser, who exposed how
water is now being used as a weapon against
Israel, finds Yacobi’s criticism of Israel odd. If
Burkart, a Swiss graduate student who
interviewed Yakobi, gained access to the
pertinent documents, why couldn’t the European
Union, with vast means at its disposal, obtain
the same information? Had the EU bothered to
perform its due diligence, the Palestinian Arabs
would have been blamed, not the Israelis. [44]
Furthermore, the EU provided funds for at least
seven waste water treatment plants. Wouldn’t
the Europeans be expected to have some
degree of transparency in the construction of these projects asks Visser. If they requested the
right of oversight, did they insist on accountability from the PWA? Without exposing the real
truth about the PA‘s duplicity, the PA is free to continue using water as a weapon.
Instead of helping lessen tensions in this conflict, the international community adds fuel by
enabling the Arabs to undermine Israel when they the ones who refuse to recognize Israel’s
right to exist. In the process of supporting the PA, the EU harms the interests of the
Palestinian Arabs whom they really want to help. [45]
The Oslo Accords inhibit the IDF, the Civil Administration and the Israeli Police from enforcing
the law in Judea and Samaria against stealing water and illegal drilling of water Major General
Eitan Dangot told the Knesset’s State Control Committee. [46]
According to Monzer Shoblak, an official in Gaza's water authority, since 2006 "more than
10,000 wells have been dug. All these wells were dug without legal authorization, but without
them may people would not have water throughout the day.” One Gaza resident claimed he
had to pay 2,000 Jordanian Dinars ($2,820) to dig and preserve his well. [47] Numerous
residents purchase bottled and filtered water at significant expense. [48] Formelle 40 Weißlack Schiebetür Lebo
Shoblak added that approximately 95 percent of Gaza's water is contaminated. "The volume
of nitrate in the water should not go above 50 milligrams per liter. In Gaza the levels are about Read Next Story
200250 milligrams." Chloride, should be held to 250 mg per liter, in some parts of Gaza it
reaches 2,000 mg. [49]
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At a conference hosted by Tel Aviv's Eretz Israel Museum In January 2014, Israeli and
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Palestinian Arab environmental and water experts warned that the critical shortage of potable
water in the Gaza Strip would soon lead to an increase in diseases and place Israel at risk as Spotlight
well. Professor Uri Shani, former head of the Water Authority and Israel’s representative in Pompeo: No more
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discussions with the Palestinian Arabs and Jordanians about the water crisis, said the waivers
international plan to construct a desalination plant in Gaza could not completed for a number
of years and warned that another source of water is required now. [50]
At the end of Operation Protective Edge, Israel’s military operation launched on July 8, 2014,
the PA announced a three stage plan to resolve the water emergency in Gaza. This included
distributing drinking water to homeless Gaza residents for six months, reconstructing
damaged water networks and reservoirs and building water treatment and desalination plants.
[51]
Despite the decision to solve the water emergency in Gaza, the problem still exists. The Jews
are not to blame according to an investigation conducted by AlRisalah, a Hamas newspaper
that examined Jewish agricultural land in Gaza evacuated in the 2005 Disengagement Plan.
Using figures supplied by the Hamas agricultural ministry, the paper concluded that excessive
use of water for agriculture by local Arab farmers cause the water shortage.
Growing vegetables that consume large quantities of water, digging wells without supervision
or control, and pumping excessive amounts water are the real sources for the scarcity of
water. Before the Jews were expelled, there were no more than 20 wells in Gush Katif, and
they were a kilometer from the coast in order to collect rain water. Average pumping from
these wells was approximately 2030 cubic meters per hour.
The number of wells has since tripled under the Arabs. The Arab agricultural unions operating
in the former Jewish communities dug almost 30 more wells in addition to the 16 dug by the
municipality.
The average pumping from the union wells is between 60120 cubic meters per hour, while
the usual from municipality wells is between 6070 cubic meters per hour, a clear indication
how Gaza's water resources are being squandered and abused. [52]
Endnotes
[1] Seth M. Siegel, “Israeli Water, Mideast Peace?” The New York Times (February 16, 2014);
Seth M. Siegel, Let There Be Water: Israel's Solution for a WaterStarved World (New York:
Thomas Dunne Books, 2015); David Hazony, “How Israel Is Solving the Global Water
Crisis,” The Tower Magazine Issue 31 (October 2015); Daniel Pipes, “The Middle East Runs
out of Water,” The Washington Times (May 8, 2015).
[2] Geoffrey R. Watson, The Oslo Accords: International Law and the IsraeliPalestinian
Peace Agreements (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 301302; Eyal Benvenisti and
Haim Gvirtzman, “Harnessing International Law to Determine IsraeliPalestinian Water Rights:
The Mountain Aquifer,” Natural Resource Journal Volume 33 (Summer 1993).
[3] Ibid; Karen Assaf, “Shared Groundwater Resources,” in Water Wisdom: Preparing the
Groundwork for Cooperative and Sustainable Water Management in the Middle East, Alon Tal
and Alfred Abed Rabbo, Eds. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2010),
103116.
[4] Israel's Ministry of Environmental Protection (2002), 'Groundwater Quantity and Quality:
2001,' Israel. Environment Bulletin, (summer) 25(3): Vivian Futran, “Tackling water scarcity:
Israel's wastewater recycling as a model for the world's arid lands,” Global Water Forum
Discussion Paper 1311 (March 13, 2014).
[5] Alon Tal, “Seeking Sustainability: Israel's Evolving Water Management Strategy,” Science
25 Volume 313 number 5790 (August 25, 2006): 10811084; Futran, op.cit; “Tackling Israel's
Water Crisis,” Israel Environment Bulletin Volume 35 (September 2009): 1217.
[6] “Israel's Water Challenge,” Stratfor Global Intelligence (December 25, 2013).
[7] “Israel's desalination program averts future water crises,” Haaretz (May 31, 2014).221,90 € deinetuer.de | Sponsored
[8] Ibid.
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[9] Ibid.
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[10] Ibid; Yuval Elizur, “Over and drought: Why the end of Israel's water shortage is a
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secret,” Haaretz January 24, 2014.)
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[11] Prof. Haim Gvirtzman, “The Truth Behind the Palestinian Water Libels,” BESA Center Pompeo: No more
 
Perspectives Paper No. 238 (February 24, 2014); Malcolm Lowe, “Palestinian Water (and
 waivers
Martin Schulz) The Lack of Logic,” Gatestone Institute (March 3, 2014); Ayman Rabi, “Water
apartheid in Palestine a crime against humanity?” Ecologist (March 22, 2014); Charlotte
Silver, “How Israel Uses Water to Control Palestinian Life,” The Nation (July 24, 2015); Sari
Bashi, Re “Israeli Water, Mideast Peace?” by Seth M. Siegel (OpEd, Feb. 17). The New York
Times (February 18, 2014); Miriam Lowi, “Debunking some myths about Israel's water
politics,” Aljazeera (March 10, 2014); “Acting the Landlord: Israel's Policy in Area C, the West
Bank,” B’Tselem (June
2013) http://www.btselem.org/download/201306_area_c_report_eng.pdf; Jordan Valley
Solidarity http://jordanvalleysolidarity.org/backgroundinfo/waterrightsinthejordan
valley/; Jordan Valley Solidarity NGO Monitor (May 1, 2014). http://www.ngo
monitor.org/ngos/jordan_valley_solidarity_/; http://www.camera.org/index.asp?
x_context=7&x_issue=12
[12] Malcolm Lowe, “Palestinian Water (and Martin Schulz) The Lack of Logic,” Gatestone
Institute (March 3, 2014).
[13] Mitch Ginsburg, “Testing the waters: Did EU visitor get his numbers right?” The Times of
Israel (February 13, 2014); Batsheva Sobelman, “Israeli minister storms out during speech by
EU Parliament president,” The Los Angeles Times (February 12, 2014).
[14]Shlomo Cesana and Dan Lavie, “Leftist figures did not set Schulz straight on facts,” Israel
Hayom (February 14, 2014); Mitch Ginsburg, “Testing the waters: Did EU visitor get his
numbers right?”The Times of Israel (February 13, 2014).
[15] Raphael Ahren, “Rightwing MKs walk out on EU parliament speaker,” The Times of
Israel (February 12, 2014); “Full text of European Parliament president’s speech to
Knesset,” The Times of Israel (February 12, 2014).
[16] Marissa Newman, “Netanyahu: EU Parliament head has ‘selective hearing,” The Times of
Israel (February 12, 2014).
[17] Cesana and Lavie, op.cit. Among those at the event were Naomi Chazan, a former
Meretz MK and deputy Knesset speaker, now a director in the leftwing NGO New Israel
Fund; Yossi Beilin, former Meretz leader and cabinet minister and one of the originators of the
Geneva Initiative; Ron Pundak, who assisted in drafting the Oslo Accords in 1993 and is a
former directorgeneral of the Peres Center for Peace; Akiva Eldar, former Haaretz
correspondent, and Professor Manuel Trajtenberg, chairman of the Planning and Budgeting
Committee at the Council for Higher Education.
[18] Ibid.
[19] “Attili: Israeli settlers draining Palestinian water supply,” Ma'an News Agency (July 7,
2012).
[20] Ibid.
[21] Israel’s violations of the human right to water and sanitation in the Occupied Palestinian
Territory NGO Submission to the UN Human Rights Council, Universal Periodic Review of the
State of Israel, 15th Session of the UPR Working Group , 21 Jan 1 Feb, 2013 Submitted by
Applied Research Institute Jerusalem (ARIJ) MA’AN Development Center.
[22]Ruth Pollard, “Gaza's children live and die on contaminated water,” EWASH (The
Emergency Water and SanitationHygiene Group) (June 23, 2012); Sharon Udasin,
“Palestinian NGO accuses Israel of 'water apartheid,'” The Jerusalem Post (April 11, 2013);
“Gaza Strip: 23 August 2010: Water supplied in Gaza unfit for drinking; Israel prevents entry
of materials needed to repair system,” B’Tselem (August 23, 2010); Cecilia Rosen, “Water
grabbing occurring at 'alarming rates,'” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States (January 13, 2013). Formelle 40 Weißlack Schiebetür Lebo
[23]Visser, op.cit; Burkart’s thesis can be found at http://missingpeace.eu/en/wp
content/uploadspmpeace1/2013/01/MT_LauroBurkart.pdf); Allon Tal and Yousef Abu
Mayla, “Gaza Need Not Be a Sewer,” The New York Times (December 2, 2013). Read Next Story
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[24]Visser, op.cit.
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[25] Lauro Burkart, “The Politicization of the Oslo Water Agreement,” an MA thesis in
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International History and Politics,” MA Thesis Graduate Institute of International and Pompeo: No more
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Development studies in Geneva (2012):74.
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[26] Ibid.74 and 62.
[27] Ibid.39.
[28] Haim Gvirtzman, “The IsraeliPalestinian Water Conflict: An Israeli Perspective,” Begin
Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, (January 1, 2012.); “Factsheet: Water in the West Bank,
The Civil Administration of Judea and Samaria (June12, 2012).
[29] Ibid.
[30] Gvirtzman, op.cit.
[31] Visser, op.cit.
[32] Haim Gvirtzman, “The IsraeliPalestinian Water Conflict: An Israeli Perspective,” Begin
Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, (January 1, 2012).
[34]Gvirtzman, op.cit.
[35]. Gvirtzman, op.cit; Jeff Wheelwright, “In a Polluted Stream, a Pathway to Peace,” The
New York Times (October 9, 2013).
[37] Gadi Golan, Palestinian sewage polluting Israel's environment, Israel Hayom (July 20,
2011).
[38] Ibid.
[39] Ibid.
[40]. Visser, op.cit.
[41] Ibid.
[42] Ibid.
[43] Ibid.
[44] Ibid.
[45]. Ibid; James Ronald Parks, “Equitable Apportionment and Groundwater in Israel and the
West Bank,” The New Jurist (July 15, 2013).
[46] Maayana Miskin, “’Oslo Accords Make it Hard to Stop Illegal Water Drilling,’” Israel
National News December 11, 2013).
[47] “Gazans dig wells after ceasefire as water shortage bites,” Ma’an News Agency
(September 4, 2014).
[48] Tal and AbuMayla, “Gaza Need Not Be a Sewer,” op.cit.
[49] “Gazans dig wells after ceasefire as water shortage bites,” op.cit.
[50] Zafrir Rinat, “In Gaza, water and time are running out,” Haaretz (January 28, 2014).
[51]. “PA to implement 3stage plan to fix Gaza water crisis,” Ma’an News Agency (September
5, 2014). Formelle 40 Weißlack Schiebetür Lebo
[52] Dalit Halevy, “Hamas Admits Gazans Behind Water Crisis, Not Israel,” Israel National
News (August 10, 2015).
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