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Module 4. Direct Planting and Transplanting
Module 4. Direct Planting and Transplanting
Module 4. Direct Planting and Transplanting
Introduction
This module deals with the knowledge, skills and attitude in direct
planting and transplanting of seedlings.
Learning Competencies/Objectives:
Diagnostic/Pre-assessment
A. Direction: Let us find out how much you already know. Read and
understand the questions below. Choose the letter of the correct
answer and write it in your test notebook.
1. Cropping season is considered when selecting a planting method to
follow. This method is simply placing the seeds in one spot at definite
intervals in the row. What is the best planting method for cucurbits or
vine crops?
a. Furrow-planting
b. Drill-planting
c. Hill-planting
d. Ridge-planting
2. Which of the following set of vegetables are directly planted in the
field?
a. Eggplant, lettuce, ampalaya
b. Pepper, snap beans, tomato
c. Spinach, pechay, mustard
d. Squash, patola, pole sitao
3. There are factors to consider in selecting seedlings of vegetable crops.
Which of the choices is not a consideration?
a. Seedlings should be free from insects and diseases.
b. Seedlings should come from productive mother plants.
c. Seedlings should be uniform in size and weak.
d. Seedlings should come from a plant that is vigorous and of known
identity.
4. The rate of planting should be taken into consideration when planting
vegetables. When should more seeds be planted?
a. When there are possible ravages of insects in the area.
b. When the soil and weather condition are favorable.
c. When seeds are viable seedlings.
d. When seeds produce sturdy and vigorous seedlings.
5. Depth of planting is the most important factor in direct seeding. Which
is not considered in determining the depth of planting?
a. Shape of the seed
b. Types of soil
c. Size of the seed
d. Amount of moisture in the soil
B. Enumerate the advantages of direct planting. (5 points)
KNOW
Activity 1
Direct Planting
Direct sowing is a method of planting in which the seeds are directly planted
in the soil. This applies to large-seeded vegetables, including legumes. Direct
planting is commonly practiced in large farms. Where pest control and water
management are not problems, direct-seeded seedlings have better stand
due to continuous exposure to the natural environment since the start of
growth and subsequently do not experience root damage and transplanting
shock, so, growth is not disturbed.
According to Agustin et al. (2005), there are plant parts that can be directly
planted in the soil such as:
1. Seeds
Seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed
coat and usually with some stored food.
2. Cuttings
Runners are long, thin, above the ground stems with few or no
leaves and suckers are young plants that enlarged beside the mother
plant and can be used for planting materials. The runners or suckers
are detached from the parent plants and then planted in the field
before they get dry. They are usually set in ridges and rows. Examples
of crops that produce runners and suckers are strawberry, arrowroots,
ginger, taro or gabi, gerbera, and many more.
4. Bulb
The most important factor in direct seeding is the planting depth. Depth
of planting depends on the soil moisture and soil type. Soil particles should be
fine when small seeds are planted. For large-seeded crops, such as squash,
the need for thorough land preparation is less.
Proper spacing between hills and rows is important to allow growth of plants,
ease of cultivation, and efficient use of space. Generally, the depth of planting
depends on the size of the seed. The recommended distance of planting,
depth of planting, and rate of seeding of selected vegetable crops are given in
the table below.
PROCESS
Activity 2
Activity 3
From the previous activity, make a simple vegetable garden plan based on
your concept. Present your output in class for further evaluation.
Also prepare schedule of activities for monitoring purposes. This will tell
you how far have you gone with your activities.
TRANSFER
Activity 4
You’re through with the garden plan and you have learned the different
parts of a vegetable crop that can be directly planted. You are now ready to
perform your next activity. The class will be divided into four (4) groups. Each
group will select a crop to be planted. Group assignments are as follows:
Group 1 – Seedlings
Performance Levels
4 3 2 1 W
Criteria WP
Outstanding Very Satisfactory Needs (%)
Satisfactory Improvement
1. Workmanship The whole About 1/2 of About 1/4 of About 1/8 of the 70
area was the area was the area was area was not
planted with not planted not planted planted with the
the required with the with the required seeding
seeding rate, required required rate, distance of
distance of seeding rate, seeding rate, planting, and
planting, and distance of distance of depth of planting.
depth of planting, and planting, and
planting. depth of depth of
planting. planting.
2. Cooperation All the 1 of the 2 of the 3 or more of the 20
members of members of members of members of the
the group the group did the group did group did not
cooperated in not cooperate not cooperate cooperate in the
the activity. in the activity in the activity. activity.
3. Time Work was Work was Work was Work was 10
management completed completed just completed 1- completed more
ahead of time. on time. 30 minutes than 30 minutes
late. after the time
frame.
Safety Reminders:
Directions: Read and understand the questions below. Write the letter of the
correct answer in your test notebook.
Summary/Feedback
Many vegetable crops are best started by sowing their seeds directly into a
well-prepared soil. Generally, large seeded vegetables are commonly planted
directly in the field.
The amount of seeds needed per unit area depends on many factors:
the viability of the seeds, the condition for seed germination, and the types of
soil. More seeds should be planted when seeds have poor germination and
when the soil is clayey.
Transplanting Vegetable
Lesson 2
Crops
Introduction
DIAGNOSTIC/PRE- ASSESSMENT
Matching Type. Direction: Match the items in Column A with the items in
Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer in your test notebook.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
Activity 1
The class will be divided into four equal number groups. Each group will pick
a topic to discuss for 5 minutes before presenting to the class.
Group 1 – When do you say that the seedlings are ready for transplanting?
After the soil has been prepared, the next activity is to transplant seedlings.
Seedlings are considered ready to be transplanted when they are sturdy
enough to withstand field conditions. While still in the seedbed or container in
a confined area, they are carefully guarded against environmental stresses.
The age or size of the seedling at the time of transplanting is very important.
Generally, the smaller the seedling, the easier it is to transplant and the
quicker its recovery.
When several seedlings are grown in seed boxes where root zone is shallow,
blocking is practiced one week before transplanting as a preparation for
transplanting. A knife is passed along the row and between plants so that a
seedling is confined to a block. The process cuts all the roots along the path
of the knife. Regeneration occurs mostly within the blocked area. Thereby, it
is expected that root destruction at transplanting will be less.
1. Uniform in growth
2. Healthy and sturdy
3. Free from diseases
4. Free from off-types
The best time to transplant seedlings is just before or after a rain, provided
the soil can be worked and during cloudy days. During sunny days,
transplanting should be done late in the afternoon to lessen transplanting
shock and to hasten seedling recovery.
Rules in Transplanting
Proper spacing between rows and hills is important to allow growth of plants,
ease of cultivation, and efficient use of space. Generally, the depth of planting
depends on the kinds of crop and size of the seedling. Recommended
distance of planting, depth of planting, and rate of seeding of selected
vegetable crops is shown in the table below.
Table 9. Distance of planting, depth of planting, and rate of seeding of
selected vegetable crops according to Canare et. al (2012).
PROCESS
Activity 2
Inspect your seedlings if they are ready for transplanting. Find out if the
number of seedlings ready for transplanting is enough to plant your area.
Activity 3
Interview at least two farmers near your community who are engaged in
vegetable farming. Ask them about their practices in transplanting. Identify
their common practices. Share your findings with your classmates.
TRANSFER
Activity 4
Your eggplant seedlings which you raised previously are now ready for
transplanting. Follow the steps in transplanting correctly. Observe the
principles of TLC to avoid damaging the seedlings. Use appropriate tools in
your activity to do your work easier and faster.
Rubric in rating transplanting of seedlings
Performance Levels
W
4 3 2 Satisfactory 1
Criteria (% WP
Outstanding Very Needs
)
Satisfactory Improvement
1. Workmanship Satisfies all the Satisfies only 3 Satisfies only 2 Satisfies only 1 50
following: of the following: of the following: or none of the
a.Proper a.Proper a.Proper following:
planting of planting of planting of a.Proper
seedlings seedlings seedlings planting of
b.Proper b.Proper b.Proper seedlings
alignment of alignment of alignment of b.Proper
seedlings seedlings seedlings alignment of
c.Proper c.Proper c.Proper seedlings
distance in distance in distance in c.Proper
transplanting transplanting transplanting distance in
seedlings seedlings seedlings transplanting
d.Even d.Even d.Even seedlings
distribution of distribution of distribution of d.Even
seedlings per seedlings per seedlings per distribution
hill hill hill of seedlings
a. per hill
Matching Type: Directions: Match the items in Column A with the items in
Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer in your test notebook.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
The best time to transplant is just before or after a rain, provided the
soil is workable. During the hot or dry season, transplanting should be done
late in the afternoon. This will lessen transplanting shock of the seedling to
facilitate its recovery.
GLOSSARY
Cuttings – are made from the vegetative portion of the plant such as stems,
modified stems (rhizomes, tubers, corms, and bulbs), leaves, or roots.
Suckers -– are new or secondary shoots that grow beside the old plant as
exemplified by pineapple, banana, and anthurium.
References
Agustin, M.B., J. DG. Canare, Jr., DF.P. Castro, D.T. Eligio, R.L.
Encarnacion, P.S. Nitural, R.T. Tapic and P.T. Vizmonte, Jr.
200. Fundamentals of Crop Science II. Laboratory Manual in Crop
Science 105. Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture,
Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija,
Philippines.
Anon. 2007. Training Manual in Horticulture NC II. Maddela Institute of
Technology.
Canare, J.G., P.S. Nitural, N.V. Tamayo, R.T. Tapic, P.T. Vizmonte, DF.P.
Castro and EJ M. Guittap. 2010. Practices in Crop Production.
Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon
State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
Mabesa, R.C., O.K. Bautista and J.R. Novak. 1977. Planting Vegetable
Crops: In: Vegetable Production. University of the Philippines at Los
Banos, College of Agriculture, Laguna, Philippines.
CBLM of Tech-Voc Schools. Perform Direct Planting and Transplanting. In:
Produce Vegetable Crops.
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/farming-with-raised-beds-in-an-urban-
environment.html. Retrieved February 27, 2014.