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Radio Access Network Protocols and Signalling Analysis
Radio Access Network Protocols and Signalling Analysis
Radio Access Network Protocols and Signalling Analysis
1-1
1.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Uu Interface ............................................................................................ 1-2
1.2.1 Uu Protocol Structure..................................................................... 1-2
1.2.2 RRC Functions ............................................................................... 1-4
1.2.3 L2 Functions .................................................................................. 1-5
1.2.4 L1 Functions .................................................................................. 1-6
1.3 Iub interface ............................................................................................ 1-6
1.3.1 Iub Protocol Structure .................................................................... 1-6
1.3.2 Functions of NBAP ......................................................................... 1-8
1.3.3 NBAP Procedures .......................................................................... 1-8
1.3.4 Iub FP for Common Transport Channel Data Transfer .................. 1-10
1.3.5 Iub FP for Dedicated Transport Channel Data Transfer ................ 1-14
1.4 Iur Interface ............................................................................................ 1-18
1.4.1 Iur Protocol Structure ..................................................................... 1-18
1.4.2 Functions of RNSAP ...................................................................... 1-19
1.4.3 RNSAP Procedures ....................................................................... 1-20
1.4.4 Iur FP for Transport Channel Data Transfer .................................. 1-22
1.5 Iu Interface ............................................................................................. 1-22
1.5.1 Iu Protocol Architecture.................................................................. 1-22
1.5.2 Functions of RANAP ...................................................................... 1-25
1.5.3 RANAP Procedures ....................................................................... 1-26
1.5.4 Functions of Iu UP ......................................................................... 1-28
1.5.5 GTP-U ............................................................................................ 1-33
1.5.6 Functions of SABP ......................................................................... 1-33
Chapter 2 Transport Network Layer Procedure Analysis ............................ 2-1
2.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 SAAL ...................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 2-1
2.2.2 SSCOP .......................................................................................... 2-2
2.2.3 SSCF ............................................................................................. 2-7
2.2.4 CPCS ............................................................................................. 2-8
2.2.5 SAR................................................................................................ 2-8
2.2.6 LM .................................................................................................. 2-9
2.2.7 SSCOP Message ........................................................................... 2-10
2.3 MTP3-B .................................................................................................. 2-11
2.3.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 2-11
2.3.2 Function ......................................................................................... 2-12
2.3.3 Message Structure ......................................................................... 2-14
2.3.4 Changeover/Changeback/ Management prohibit .......................... 2-19
2.3.5 Signaling Network Management and Status of Signaling Link ...... 2-20
2.3.6 Signaling Network Management and Signaling Route Status ....... 2-22
2.3.7 MTP3-B Upper User Message ....................................................... 2-23
2.3.8 MTP3-B Test Message .................................................................. 2-24
2.3.9 MTP3-B Management Message .................................................... 2-25
2.4 ALCAP .................................................................................................... 2-26
2.4.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 2-26
2.4.2 Function ......................................................................................... 2-27
2.4.3 Message structure ......................................................................... 2-29
2.4.4 Establish Request Message .......................................................... 2-30
2.5 SCCP ..................................................................................................... 2-31
2.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 2-31
2.5.2 Function ......................................................................................... 2-32
2.5.3 Message Structure ......................................................................... 2-33
2.5.4 Connection Request Message ....................................................... 2-34
Chapter 3 Cell Related Procedure Analysis .................................................. 3-1
3.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Procedures Involved in Cell Setup ......................................................... 3-1
3.2.1 Resource Status Indication Procedure .......................................... 3-1
3.2.2 Resource Audit Procedure ............................................................. 3-2
3.2.3 Cell Setup Procedure ..................................................................... 3-3
3.2.4 Common Transport Channel Setup Procedure.............................. 3-4
3.2.5 Iub Interface User Plane Setup ...................................................... 3-4
3.2.6 System Information Update ........................................................... 3-5
3.2.7 Common Measurement Initiation Procedure ................................. 3-5
3.2.8 Cell Reconfiguration Procedure ..................................................... 3-6
3.2.9 Cell Deletion Procedure ................................................................. 3-7
3.2.10 Resource Status Indication Message .......................................... 3-7
3.2.11 Audit Response Message ............................................................ 3-12
3.2.12 Cell Setup Request Message ...................................................... 3-16
3.2.13 Common Transport Channel Setup Request Message ............... 3-20
3.2.14 System Information Update Request Message ........................... 3-25
3.3 Example of Cell Setup Procedures ........................................................ 3-28
Chapter 4 System Information Procedure Analysis ..................................... 4-1
4.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1.1 System Information Structure ........................................................ 4-1
4.1.2 System Information Monitoring Mechanism ................................... 4-2
4.1.3 Functions of System Information ................................................... 4-2
4.2 System Information Broadcast and Update ............................................ 4-3
4.2.1 System Information Broadcast ....................................................... 4-3
4.2.2 System Information Update ........................................................... 4-3
4.2.3 System Information Message ........................................................ 4-4
4.3 System Information Modification ............................................................ 4-6
4.3.1 Modification by a value tag ............................................................ 4-7
4.3.2 Modification by a timer ................................................................... 4-7
4.3.3 Paging Type 1 Message ................................................................ 4-7
Chapter 5 Call Setup and Release Procedure Analysis ............................... 5-1
5.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2 Paging .................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 5-1
5.2.2 Paging for UEs in Idle Mode or in PCH State ................................ 5-2
5.2.3 Paging for UEs in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH State .................... 5-3
5.2.4 Paging Type 1 Message ................................................................ 5-3
5.2.5 Paging Type 2 Message ................................................................ 5-4
5.3 RRC Connection Setup .......................................................................... 5-5
5.3.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 5-5
5.3.2 RRC Connection Setup on Dedicated Channel ............................. 5-6
5.3.3 RRC Connection Setup on Common Channel ............................... 5-7
5.3.4 RRC Connection Reject ................................................................. 5-7
5.3.5 RRC Connection Request Message .............................................. 5-8
5.3.6 RRC Connection Setup Message .................................................. 5-10
5.3.7 RRC Connection Reject Message ................................................. 5-13
5.3.8 Radio Link Setup Request Message .............................................. 5-14
5.4 Direct Transfer Messages ...................................................................... 5-18
5.4.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 5-18
5.4.2 Initial Direct Transfer ...................................................................... 5-18
5.4.3 Uplink Direct Transfer .................................................................... 5-19
5.4.4 Downlink Direct Transfer ................................................................ 5-20
5.4.5 Initial Direct Transfer Message ...................................................... 5-21
5.4.6 Uplink Direct Transfer Message ..................................................... 5-22
5.4.7 Downlink Direct Transfer Message ................................................ 5-23
5.5 UE Capability Information ....................................................................... 5-24
5.5.1 UE Capability Enquiry .................................................................... 5-25
5.5.2 UE Capability Information Update .................................................. 5-25
5.6 RAB Setup .............................................................................................. 5-26
5.6.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 5-26
5.6.2 DCH-DCH ...................................................................................... 5-27
5.6.3 CCH-DCH ...................................................................................... 5-30
5.6.4 CCH-CCH ...................................................................................... 5-32
5.6.5 RAB Assignment Request Message .............................................. 5-33
5.6.6 RAB Assignment Response Message ........................................... 5-36
5.6.7 Radio Bearer Setup Message ........................................................ 5-38
5.7 Call Release ........................................................................................... 5-43
5.7.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 5-43
5.7.2 Iu Signaling Connection Release ................................................... 5-44
5.7.3 RAB Release ................................................................................. 5-45
5.7.4 Combined Release of CS Domain Iu Signaling Link and RAB ...... 5-47
5.7.5 RRC Connection Release .............................................................. 5-48
Chapter 6 Mobility Management Procedure Analysis .................................. 6-1
6.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 6-1
6.2 Forward handover .................................................................................. 6-1
6.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 6-1
6.2.2 Cell Update .................................................................................... 6-1
6.2.3 URA Update ................................................................................... 6-3
6.2.4 Cell Update Message..................................................................... 6-4
6.2.5 URA Update Message ................................................................... 6-6
6.3 Soft Handover ........................................................................................ 6-8
6.3.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 6-8
6.3.2 Radio Link Addition ........................................................................ 6-9
6.3.3 Radio Link Deletion ........................................................................ 6-10
6.3.4 Radio Link Addition and Deletion ................................................... 6-12
6.3.5 Radio Link Setup Request Message .............................................. 6-13
6.3.6 Active Set Update Message ........................................................... 6-13
6.4 Hard Handover ....................................................................................... 6-15
6.4.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 6-15
6.4.2 Compressed Mode ......................................................................... 6-16
6.4.3 Iur Interface Hard Handover .......................................................... 6-17
6.4.4 Combined Hard Handover ............................................................. 6-19
6.4.5 Radio Link Setup Request Message .............................................. 6-22
6.4.6 Physical Channel Reconfiguration Message ................................. 6-22
6.5 Inter-RAT Handover ............................................................................... 6-24
6.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 6-24
6.5.2 WCDMA->GSM Inter-RAT Handover ............................................ 6-25
6.5.3 GSM->WCDMA Inter-RAT Handover ............................................ 6-27
6.5.4 GSM/GPRS->WCDMA Cell Reselection ....................................... 6-29
6.5.5 WCDMA->GSM/GPRS Cell Reselection ....................................... 6-29
6.5.6 Handover from UTRAN Command Message................................. 6-32
6.5.7 Handover to UTRAN Command Message ..................................... 6-33
6.6 Relocation .............................................................................................. 6-35
6.6.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 6-35
6.6.2 Static Relocation ............................................................................ 6-35
6.6.3 Relocation with Hard Handover ..................................................... 6-39
6.6.4 Relocation with Forward Handover ................................................ 6-41
6.6.5 Relocation Required Message ....................................................... 6-42
6.6.6 Relocation Request Message ........................................................ 6-45
6.6.7 Relocation Command Message ..................................................... 6-46
6.6.8 UTRAN Mobility Information Message ........................................... 6-49
6.6.9 Uplink Signaling Transfer Indication Message ............................... 6-51
Chapter 7 Dynamic Resource Control Procedure Analysis ........................ 7-1
7.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 7-1
7.2 RAB Modification .................................................................................... 7-1
7.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 7-1
7.2.2 RAB Modification (DCH-DCH) ....................................................... 7-1
7.2.3 RAB Assignment Request Message .............................................. 7-3
7.2.4 Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Message ........................................ 7-3
7.3 Dynamic Channel Reconfiguration ......................................................... 7-6
7.3.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 7-6
7.3.2 RB Reconfiguration ........................................................................ 7-7
7.3.3 Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Message ........................................ 7-8
Appendix A Tracing Tools .............................................................................. A-1
A.1 About Tracing Tools ............................................................................... A-1
A.1.1 RNC Tracing Tool .......................................................................... A-1
A.1.2 NodeB Tracing Tool ....................................................................... A-1
Appendix B Call Example ............................................................................... B-1
B.1 Overview ................................................................................................ B-1
B.2 Originating Call Procedure ..................................................................... B-1
B.3 Terminated Call procedure .................................................................... B-4
Appendix C Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................... C-1
Index .................................................................................................................
HUAWEI
BOM 31026523
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and service. Please feel free to contact our local office or company headquarters.
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
Copyright © 2004 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks
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holders.
Notice
The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has
been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents, but
all statements, information, and recommendations in this manual do not constitute
the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Summary of Updates
This section provides the update history of this manual and introduces the contents of
subsequent updates.
Update History
This manual is updated for a major product version to maintain consistency with system
hardware or software versions and to incorporate customer suggestions.
Updates of Contents
None
About This Manual
Release Notes
Organization
The manual analyzes protocols and signaling of radio access network in UMTS.
Chapter 5 Call Setup and Release Procedure Analysis mainly analyzed the
procedures of RRC connection setup and release, of RAB setup and release.
Intended Audience
The manual is intended for the following readers:
z Technical marketing specialists
z Operation and maintenance personnel
Conventions
I. General conventions
Convention Description
Arial Normal paragraphs are in Arial.
Arial Narrow Warnings, Cautions, Notes and Tips are in Arial Narrow.
Boldface Headings are in Boldface.
Courier New Terminal Display is in Courier New.
II. Symbols
Eye-catching symbols are also used in the manual to highlight the points worthy of
special attention during the operation. They are defined as follows:
Table of Contents
i
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Table of Contents
ii
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Table of Contents
iii
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Table of Contents
iv
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Table of Contents
v
Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
1.1 Overview
As shown in Figure 1-1, UTRAN interfaces in the UMTS system include Iub, Iur, Iu and
Uu interfaces. See Table 1-1 for the description of the interfaces.
Interface Description
Uu Logical interface between UTRAN and UE
Iub Logical interface between RNC and NodeB
Iur Logical interface between RNCs
Iu Logical interface between RNC and CN
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
Iub, Iur, Iu and Uu interfaces are standard interfaces and can be used to connect
different network elements (NEs) from different vendors. Iub, Iur and Iu interfaces are
also called as UTRAN terrestrial interfaces.
According to the type of CN entity connected to RNC, the Iu interface can be classified
into Iu-CS interface, Iu-PS interface and Iu-BC interface. Iu-CS interface is used to
connect RNC and MSC. Iu-PS interface is used to connect RNC and SGSN. The Iu-BC
interface is used to connect RNC and CBC.
1.2 Uu Interface
Uu interface is the interface between User Equipment (UE) and UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access Network (UTRAN) and it is the most important interface in the UMTS system.
As shown in Figure 1-2, Uu interface includes three protocol layers, physical layer (L1),
data link layer (L2) and network layer (L3).
L1 provides the radio physical channels for the transmission of the traffic from upper
layers. The functions of L1 are implemented by NodeB.
L2 includes four sublayers, Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC),
Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP).
The functions of L2 are implemented by RNC.
L3 includes the RRC sublayer in the access stratum, the Mobility Management (MM)
and Call Control (CC) in the non-access stratum. The RRC functions of L3 are
implemented by RNC, and the MM and CC functions of L3 are implemented by CN.
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
GC Nt DC
Duplication avoidance
GC Nt DC
UuS boundary
C-plane signalling U-plane information
RRC control L3
co co co co
Radio
ntr ntr ntr ntr Bearers
PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BMC
Logical
Channels
MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
GC Nt DC
Duplication avoidance
GC Nt DC
C-plane signalling U-plane information UuS boundary
control
L3
TS25.331
TS25.323 L2/PDCP
control
control
control
control
TS25.324 L2/BMC
Logical
Channels
TS25.321 L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
TS25.211~TS25.215 L1
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
1.2.3 L2 Functions
L2 includes four sublayers, Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC),
Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP).
I. MAC
II. RLC
III. PDCP
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HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
z Forward the PDCP-SDU from non-access stratum to RLC, and multiplex different
RBs to the same RLC entity.
IV. BMC
1.2.4 L1 Functions
Iub interface is the logical interface between RNC and NodeB. The protocol stack of Iub
interface is illustrated in Figure 1-4.
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
FACH FP
RACH FP
DCH FP
PCH FP
Network Node B
Layer Application Part
(NBAP)
Transport Network
Control Plane
ALCAP
Transport
Layer Q.2630.1
Q.2150.2
SSCF-UNI SSCF-UNI
SSCOP SSCOP
AAL Type 5 AAL Type 5 AAL Type 2
ATM
Physical Layer
Transport
Network
Control Plane
Transport Signaling
Transport TS 25.426
Layer (Dedicated Channel
Dedicated Common
Transport) Channel Channel
NBAP Transport Transport Transport
TS 25.434
(Common Channel
TS 25.432 Transport) TS 25.426 TS 25.434
In this section, only the functions and procedures of radio network layer are given. For
the transport layer, refer to “Chapter 2 Transfer Network Layer Procedure Analysis”.
The radio network user plane of Iub interface is to transfer the data between RNC and
NodeB. The plane is implemented by means of Frame Protocol (FP) of transport
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HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
channels. According to the type of transported data, the FP can be classified as FP for
common transport channel and FP for Dedicated transport channel.
NBAP is the Radio network control plane of Iub interface, which provides the following
functions:
z Cell Configuration Management. This function gives the CRNC the possibility to
manage the cell configuration information in a NodeB.
z Common Transport Channel Management. This function gives the CRNC the
possibility to manage the configuration of Common Transport Channels in a
NodeB.
z System Information Management. This function gives the CRNC the ability to
manage the scheduling of System Information to be broadcast in a cell.
z Resource Event Management. This function gives the NodeB the ability to inform
the CRNC about the status of NodeB resources.
z Configuration Alignment. This function gives the CRNC and the NodeB the
possibility to verify and enforce that both nodes have the same information on the
configuration of the radio resources.
z Measurements on Common Resources. This function allows the NodeB to initiate
measurements in the NodeB. The function also allows the NodeB to report the
result of the measurements.
z Radio Link Management. This function allows the CRNC to manage radio links
using dedicated resources in a NodeB.
z Radio Link Supervision. This function allows the CRNC to report failures and
restorations of a Radio Link.
z Compressed Mode Control. This function allows the CRNC to control the usage of
compressed mode in a NodeB.
z Measurements on Dedicated Resources. This function allows the CRNC to initiate
measurements in the NodeB. The function also allows the NodeB to report the
result of the measurements.
z DL Power Drifting Correction. This function allows the CRNC to adjust the DL
power level of one or more Radio Links in order to avoid DL power drifting between
the Radio Links.
z Reporting of General Error Situations. This function allows reporting of general
error situations, for which function specific error messages have not been defined.
NBAP procedures are divided into common procedures and dedicated procedures.
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HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
The mapping between the NBAP functions and NBAP elementary procedures is shown
in the Table 1-2.
The mapping between the NBAP functions and NBAP dedicated procedures is shown
in Table 1-3.
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
Iub FP for common transport channel data transfer is the radio network user plane of
Iub interface which provides the following services:
z Transport of Transport Block Set (TBS) between the NodeB and the CRNC for
common transport channels (including RACH, FACH PCH)
z Support of transport channel synchronization mechanism
z Support of Node Synchronization mechanism
RACH Data Transfer procedure is used to transfer data received from Uu interface from
NodeB to CRNC.
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
NodeB CRNC
FACH Data Transfer procedure is used to transfer data from CRNC to NodeB.
NodeB CRNC
PCH Data Transfer procedure is used to transfer data from CRNC to NodeB.
NodeB CRNC
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
Node synchronization is to obtain the round trip delay (RTD) of the transmission
between information entities over the Iub interface.
NodeB CRNC
DL Node Synchronization
UL Node Synchronization
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
NodeB CRNC
DL Synchronization
UL Synchronization
Timing Adjustment procedure is used for NodeB to indicate the CRNC the incorrect
arrival time of downlink data to the NodeB.
NodeB CRNC
Timing Adjustment
The arrival window and the time of arrival are defined as follows:
z Time of Arrival Window Endpoint (ToAWE): ToAWE represents the time point
by which the DL data shall arrive to the NodeB from Iub. The ToAWE is defined as
the amount of milliseconds before the last time point from which a timely DL
transmission for the identified CFN would still be possible taking into account the
NodeB internal delays. ToAWE is set via control plane. If data does not arrive
before ToAWE a Timing Adjustment Control Frame shall be sent by NodeB.
z Time of Arrival Window Startpoint (ToAWS): ToAWS represents the time after
which the DL data shall arrive to the NodeB from Iub. The ToAWS is defined as the
amount of milliseconds from the ToAWE. ToAWS is set via control plane. If data
arrives before ToAWS a Timing Adjustment Control Frame shall be sent by
NodeB.
z Time of Arrival (ToA): ToA is the time difference between the end point of the DL
arrival window (ToAWE) and the actual arrival time of DL frame for a specific CFN.
A positive ToA means that the frame is received before the ToAWE, a negative
ToA means that the frame is received after the ToAWE.
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
Iub FP for dedicated transport channel data transfer is the radio network user plane of
Iub interface which provides the following services:
z Transport of TBS between SRNC and NodeB
z Transport of outer loop power control information between the SRNC and the
NodeB
z Support of transport channel synchronization mechanism
z Support of Node Synchronization mechanism
z Transfer of radio interface parameters from the SRNC to the NodeB
NodeB SRNC
UL Data Frame
Uplink Data Transfer procedure is used to transfer data from NodeB to SRNC.
Two modes can be used for the UL transmission: normal mode and silent mode. The
mode is selected by the SRNC when the transport bearer is set up and signalled to the
NodeB with the relevant control plane procedure.
z In normal mode, the NodeB shall always send an UL Data Frame to the RNC for
all the DCHs in a set of coordinated DCHs regardless of the number of Transport
Blocks of the DCHs.
z In silent mode and in case only one transport channel is transported on a transport
bearer, the NodeB shall not send an UL Data Frame to the RNC when it has
received a TFI indicating “number of TB equal to 0” for the transport channel
during a TTI.
z In silent mode and in case of coordinated DCHs, when the NodeB receives a TFI
indicating “number of TB equal to 0” for all the DCHs in a set of coordinated DCHs,
the NodeB shall not send an UL data frame to the RNC for this set of coordinated
DCHs.
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
NodeB SRNC
DL Data Frame
Downlink Data Transfer procedure is used to transfer data from SRNC to NodeB.
The NodeB shall consider a transport bearer synchronized only after it has received at
least one data frame on this transport bearer before the latest time of arrival (LTOA).
The NodeB shall consider the DL user plane for a certain RL synchronized if all
transport bearers established for carrying DL DCH data frames for this RL are
synchronized.
Only when the DL user plane is considered synchronized, the NodeB shall transmit the
data on the DL DPDCH.
When the DL user plane is considered synchronized and the NodeB does not receive a
valid DL Data Frame in a TTI, it assumes that there is no data to be transmitted in that
TTI for this transport channel, and shall act as one of the following cases:
z If the NodeB is aware of a TFI value corresponding to zero bits for this transport
channel, this TFI is assumed. When combining the TFI’s of the different transport
channels, a valid TFCI might result and in this case data shall be transmitted on
Uu.
z If the NodeB is not aware of a TFI value corresponding to zero bits for this
transport channel or if combining the TFI corresponding to zero bits with other
TFI’s, results in an unknown TFI combination, the handling will be different. In the
former case, at each radio frame, the NodeB shall build the TFCI value of each
CCTrCH, according to the TFI of the DCH data frames multiplexed on this
CCTrCH. In the latter case, NodeB shall transmit only the DPCCH without TFCI
bits.
Outer loop power control information transfer procedure is used to transfer power
control information from SRNC to NodeB.
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
Based, for example, on the CRC Indicator (CRCI) values and on the quality estimate in
the UL frames, SRNC modifies the SIR target used by the UL Inner Loop Power Control
by including the absolute value of the new SIR target in the Outer Loop PC control
frame sent to the NodeB's. At the reception of the Outer Loop PC control frame, the
NodeB shall immediately update the SIR target used for the inner loop power control
with the specified value.
NodeB SRNC
Outer Loop PC
NodeB SRNC
V. Node Synchronization
Node synchronization procedure is to obtain the round trip delay (RTD) of the
transmission between information entities over the Iub interface.
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
NodeB SRNC
DL Node Synchronization
UL Node Synchronization
1-17
Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
NodeB SRNC
DL Synchronization
UL Synchronization
The timing adjustment procedure is used to keep the synchronization of the DCH data
stream in DL direction.
NodeB SRNC
Timing Adjustment
Iur interface is the interface between RNCs, The protocol stack of Iur interface is
illustrated in Figure 1-19.
1-18
Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network UTRAN Interface Protocols and Functions
ATM
Physical Layer
Transport
Network
Control Plane
Transport Signaling
Transport TS 25.426
(Dedicated Channel
Layer Dedicated Common
Transport)
Channel Channel
Signalling TS 25.424 Transport Transport
Transport
(Common Channel
TS 25.422 TS 25.426 TS 25.424
Transport)
RNSAP is the Radio network control plane of Iur interface, which provides the following
functions:
z Radio Link Management. This function allows the SRNC to manage radio links
using dedicated resources in a DRNS;
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Protocols and Signalling Analysis Chapter 1
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Iur FP is the radio network layer protocol of Iur interface user plane. It includes Iur FP
for common transport channel data transfer and Iur FP for dedicated transport channel
data transfer.
Iur FP for common transport channel data transfer and Iub FP for common transport
channel data transfer are both specified in 3GPP TS25.425 protocol. Refer to “1.3.4 Iub
FP for Common Transport Channel Data Transfer” for the Iur FP for transport channel
data transfer.
Iur FP for dedicated transport channel data transfer and Iub FP for dedicated transport
channel data transfer are both specified in 3GPP TS25.427 protocol. Refer to “1.3.5 Iub
FP for dedicated Transport Channel Data Transfer” for the Iur FP for dedicated
transport channel data transfer.
1.5 Iu Interface
The Iu interface that connects with CS domain of CN is called as Iu-CS whose protocol
stack is shown in Figure 1-21 ;
The Iu interface that connects with PS domain of CN is called as Iu-PS whose protocol
stack is shown in Figure 1-22;
The Iu interface that connects with BC domain of CN is called as Iu-BC whose protocol
stack is shown in Figure 1-23.
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ATM
Physical Layer
ATM ATM
Physical Layer Physical Layer
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TCP
IP
AAL5
ATM
Physical Layer
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25.412 25.414
25.411
RANAP is the Radio network control plane of Iu interface, which provides the following
functions:
z Relocating serving RNC (SRNC). This function enables to change the serving
RNC functionality as well as the related Iu resources (RAB(s) and Signalling
connection) from one RNC to another.
z Overall RAB management. This function is responsible for setting up, modifying
and releasing RABs.
z Queuing the setup of RAB. The purpose of this function is to allow placing some
requested RABs into a queue, and indicate the peer entity about the queuing.
z Requesting RAB release. While the overall RAB management is a function of the
CN, the RNC has the capability to request the release of RAB.
z Release of all Iu connection resources. This function is used to explicitly release
all resources related to one Iu connection.
z Requesting the release of all Iu connection resources. While the Iu release is
managed from the CN, the RNC has the capability to request the release of all Iu
connection resources from the corresponding Iu connection.
z SRNS context forwarding function. This function is responsible for transferring
SRNS context from the RNC to the CN for intersystem forward handover in case of
packet forwarding.
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z Controlling overload in the Iu interface. This function allows adjusting the load in
the Iu interface.
z Resetting the Iu. This function is used for resetting an Iu interface.
z Sending the UE Common ID (permanent NAS UE identity) to the RNC. This
function makes the RNC aware of the UE's Common ID.
z Paging the user. This function provides the CN for capability to page the UE.
z Controlling the tracing of the UE activity. This function allows setting the trace
mode for a given UE. This function also allows the deactivation of a previously
established trace.
z Transport of NAS information between UE and CN. This function has two
sub-classes:
Sub-class1: Transport of the initial NAS signalling message from the UE to CN.
This function transfers transparently the NAS information. As a consequence also
the Iu signalling connection is set up.
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1.5.4 Functions of Iu UP
Iu UP is located in the User plane of the Radio Network layer over the Iu interface and
used to convey user data associated to Radio Access Bearers. One Iu UP protocol
instance is associated to one RAB only.
The Iu UP includes two modes of operation: Transparent Mode (TrM) and Support
Mode for predefined SDU size (SMpSDU).
z Transparent mode (TrM)
The transparent mode is intended for those RABs that do not require any particular
feature from the Iu UP protocol other than transfer of user data. Figure 1-25 illustrates
the transparent mode of Iu UP protocol layer.
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UTRAN Iu CN
RNL-SAP Non Access
Stratum
Access Stratum
Radio Interface
Iu UP layer Iu UP layer
Protocols
TNL-SAP TNL-SAP
In this mode, the Iu UP protocol instance does not perform any Iu UP protocol
information exchange with its peer over the Iu interface. The Iu UP protocol layer is
used for PDUs transfer between upper layers and transport network layer. For instance,
Iu UP of Iu-PS adopts transparent mode.
z Support mode
The support modes are intended for those RABs that require particular features from
the Iu UP protocol in addition to transfer of user data. When operating in a support
mode, the peer Iu UP protocol instances exchange Iu UP frames. Figure 1-26 illustrates
the support mode of Iu UP protocol layer.
Iu CN
UTRAN
Non Access
RNL-SAP Stratum
Access Stratum
Iu UP layer Iu UP layer
(support mode) (support mode)
Radio Interface
Transfer of Iu
Functions UP protocol Functions
frames
TNL-SAP TNL-SAP
The only support mode which has been defined is the Support mode for predefined
SDU size (SMpSDU). For instance, the transfer of AMR speech PDUs would utilize
SMpSDU.
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User data transfer procedure is to transfer Iu UP frames between the two Iu UP protocol
layers of the Iu interface. Since an Iu UP instance is associated to a RAB and a RAB
only, the user data being transferred only relate to the associated RAB.
As shown in Figure 1-27, the transfer of user data procedure is invoked whenever user
data for that particular RAB needs to be sent across the Iu interface.
In SRNC, the upper layers may deliver frame quality classification information together
with the RFCI.
RNC/ CN/
CN Transfer of User Data RNC
(RFCI, payload)
RNC send initialization frame to CN, indicating the RFCIs and their corresponding RAB
subflow SDU size, as shown in Figure 1-28.
If CN receives the initialization frame and accepts the parameters, it will respond with
Initialization ACK frame, otherwise it will respond with Initialization NACK frame.
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RNC CN/other
Initialisation
* ((RFCI, SDU sizes ) )
m
Initialisation ACK
Iu rate control procedure is to signal to the peer Iu UP protocol layer the permitted
rate(s) over Iu in the reverse direction of the sent rate control frame.
The Iu rate control procedure is invoked whenever the SRNC/CN decides that the set
of downlink/uplink permitted rates over Iu shall be modified, as shown in Figure 1-29.
The permitted rate is given as RFCI indicators.
RNC/CN CN/RNC
Rate Control
(RFCI indicators,
[Downlink send intervals*])
* Optional
Time alignment procedure is to minimize the buffer delay in RNC by controlling the
transmission timing in the peer Iu UP protocol layer entity.
The time alignment procedure is invoked whenever the SRNC detects the reception of
Iu UP PDU at an inappropriate timing that leads to an unnecessary buffer delay as
shown in Figure 1-30. The Iu UP protocol layer entity in SRNC indicates the peer entity
the necessary amount of the delay or advance adjustment in the number of 500 µs
steps.
A supervision timer TTA is started after sending the Iu UP time alignment frame. This
timer supervises the reception of the time alignment acknowledgement frame.
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The requested Iu UP protocol layer entity in the peer node adjusts the transmission
timing by the amount as indicated by SRNC. If the time alignment frame is correctly
formatted and treated by the receiving Iu UP protocol layer and the time alignment is
treated correctly by the upper layers, this latter sends a time alignment
acknowledgement frame.
If CN can not handle the time alignment frame, it will send NACK frame to RNC,
indicating the causes. The RNC will decide to send the time alignment frame or not
according to the causes and stop the timer TTA.
RNC CN
User data with bad timing
Time Alignment
ACK
V. Error Event
Over the Iu UP protocol the error reports are made with Error event frames as shown in
in Figure 1-31,The Error event procedure in the Iu UP can be triggered by:
z An error detected by the Iu UP functions
z A request by the upper layers
When an Error event is reported by an Error event frame the following information shall
be included:
z A cause value
z Error distance (=0 if Iu UP function detected, =1 if requested by upper layers).
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CN or other/
RNC/
CN or other RNC
Error event
(Cause value,
Error distance)
The FQC information is exchanged between RNC and CN through user data transfer
procedure, as shown in Figure 1-32.
1.5.5 GTP-U
The function of GTP-U (GPRS Tunnel Protocol User Plane) is to transfer Iu-PS user
data through tunnel protocol. In addition, it also includes the user plane auxiliary
signaling such as error indication of data transferring, handshaking message and
supported extension head list.
SABP is the radio network layer of Iu-BC interface, which provides the following
functions:
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2.1 Overview
In UTRAN, the transport network layer adopts an adaptation and message transfer
mechanism to provide transport service for the radio network layer message. In this
way, the radio network layer can evolve without too much consideration for the
transport technology.
The transport network logical entities adopted in UTRAN include SAAL, MTP3-B,
ALCAP, and SCCP and so on. In this chapter, we will discuss the architecture and
function of each entity.
2.2 SAAL
2.2.1 Overview
Signaling adaptation is required for the transmission of signaling messages in the ATM
network, that is, signaling messages in various formats in the upper layer shall be
converted into the messages of format that can be transmitted in the ATM network.
These functions can be accomplished by the SAAL layer.
SAAL
SSCS
SSCF AT UNI SSCF AT NNI
SSCOP LM
CP
CPCS
SAR
The structure of SAAL in BSC6800 is illustrated in Figure 2-1. The SAAL comprises
the following parts:
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Note:
z For details about SSCF, refer to ITU-T Q.2140.
z For details about SSCOP, refer to ITU-T Q.2110.
z For details about LM, refer to ITU-T Q.2144.
2.2.2 SSCOP
I. Overview
SSCOP provides the transmission of information and control information between two
peer to peer entities.
II. Function
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z Transfer of User-Data. This function is used for the conveyance of user data
between users of the SSCOP. SSCOP supports both assured and unassured
data transfer.
z Protocol Error Detection and Recovery. This function detects and recovers from
errors in the operation of the protocol.
z Status Reporting. This function allows the transmitter and receiver peer entities to
exchange status information.
SSCOP data units are the message units transmitted between SSCOP peer layers for
connection setup and release, and for message reliable transmission. They include
the following basic message units.
z BGN PDU (Begin), used to set up connection between two peer SSCOP entities.
It requests the peer SSCOP to clear data in the transmitter and receiver buffers,
to perform initialization of state variables and receiving/sending counters.
z BGAK PDU (Begin Acknowledge), used to acknowledge the connection request
from the peer end.
z BGREJ PDU (Begin Reject), used to reject the connection request from the peer
SSCOP entity.
z END PDU (End), used to release the connection between the two ends in
communication.
z ENDAK PDU (End Acknowledge), used to acknowledge the release action.
z RS PDU (Resynchronization), used to resynchronize the buffers and data transfer
state variables.
z RSAK PDU (Resynchronization Acknowledge), used to acknowledge the
resynchronization request originated from the peer entity.
z ER PDU (Error Recovery), used to recover errors in connection action.
z ERAK PDU (Error Recovery Acknowledge), used to acknowledge the recovery
request.
z SD PDU (Sequenced Data), used to send user service data to the peer entity
after SSCOP connection has been set up.
z POLL PDU (Status Request), used to request status information of the peer
SSCOP after SSCOP connection setup.
z STAT PDU (Solicited Status Response), used as the response for POLL PDU. It
is used to notify which SD PDUs have been received and which have not. It is
also used to update the location of sending window so as to control the sending
sequence No. of the max. SD PDU. The STAT PDU also includes the sending SN
of the POLL PDU(N(PS)), which is used as the response to the POLL PDU.
z USTAT PDU (Unsolicited Status Response). It is sent by the receiving end to
inform the peer end resending the lost SD PDUs when the receiving end detects
loss of SD PDUs after comparing the receiving SN of SD PDU. The USTAT PDU
also contains data for updating sending window of the peer end, but contains no
N(PS) segment.
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z Unnumbered Data (UD). UD are transmitted between peer SSCOP users. The
in-progress connection oriented sequencing will not be affected, no counter or
status between the two entities will be altered, and no data will be retransmitted if
they get lost.
z Management Data (MD). Unnumbered MD is transmitted between two SSCOP
management entities. Similar to UD PDUs, no reliable receiving of the peer end is
guaranteed.
The states of SSCOP entities reflect the states of information exchange between the
SSCOP and its user and the states of the PDUs transmitted between peer entities. It
includes the following basic states.
z State 1 - Idle, the initial state of SSCOP. Each SSCOP entity turns to idle state
after initialization and connection release.
z State 2 - Outgoing Connection Pending, the state when the local SSCOP entity
has sent connection setup request and has not received acknowledgement from
the peer end.
z State 3 - Incoming Connection Pending, the state when the local SSCOP has
received a connection setup request from the peer end and is waiting for the
response from the local end user.
z State 4 - Outgoing Disconnection Pending, the state after the local SSCOP entity
requests to release the connection with the peer end and before the local end
receives the connection release acknowledgement message.
z State 5-Outgoing Resynchronization Pending, the state when the local end is
waiting for the acknowledgement from the peer end for its connection
resynchronization request.
z State 6-Incoming Resynchronization Pending, the state when the local end has
received the resynchronization request from the peer end and is waiting for the
response from its user.
z State 7-Outgoing Recovery Pending, the state when the local end has sent
request to the peer end for connection recovery and is waiting for recovery
acknowledgement.
z State 8-Recovery Response Pending, the state when the SSCOP entity has
recovered the connection and notified the user and is waiting for response from
the user.
z State 9-Incoming Recovery Pending, the state when the SSCOP entity has
received the connection recovery request from the peer end and is waiting for
response from its user.
z State 10-Data Transfer Ready: the state when the connection setup,
resynchronization or error recovery program has been successfully accomplished
and the two SSCOP entities are ready for reliable data transmission.
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To set up connection between two peer SSCOP entities, the SSCF sends to SSCOP
entities an AA-ESTABLISH.req primitive, as is shown in Figure 2-2. The primitive
includes the SSCOP-UU that is used by the SSCOP entities to generate BGN
message and BR parameter. The BGN message is sent to the receiving SSCOP entity,
where it is decoded, processed and mapped to AA-ESTABLISH.ind signal. The
AA-ESTABLISH.ind signal is sent to the SSCF of the receiving entity, which responds
to the SSCOP with AA-ESTABLISH.rsp primitive. The AA-ESTABLISH.rsp primitive
also includes SSCOP-UU and BR parameter. Then the receiving SSCOP sends BGAK
message to the originated SSCOP, where the BGAK message is decoded, processed
and sent to the SSCF of the originated SSCOP. Now connection is set up between the
two SAAL entities of two wideband signaling switches.
SSCOP A SSCOP B
AA-ESTABLISH.rsp.
PDU BGAK
AA-ESTABLISH.con.
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SSCOP A SSCOP B
AA-RELEASE.request
END
AA-RELEASE.indication
AA-RELEASE. confirm
ENDAK
In this section, we will introduce the SSCOP data transmission and error recovery
mechanism through an example as shown in Figure 2-4.
1) SSCOP A sends 4 SD PDUs to SSCOP B, with their N(S) numbered from 0 to 3.
Only PDU1 and PDU2 properly reach SSCOP B. SSCOP B delivers PDU1 and
PDU2 to the user.
2) SSCOP A then sends a POLL PDU, which contains a N(S) =5 representing the
N(S) value of the next new SD PDU (the SD PDU to be transferred the next time).
The POLL PDU also contains a N(PS)=1, the sequence No. of the POLL PDU.
3) SSCOP B uses STAT PDU as the response to the POLL PDU. The N(R) in the
STAT PDU is coded 3 for acknowledging PDU1 and PDU2 and for indicating its
expectation of the next PDU, that is, PDU3. The N (PS) segment in the STAT
PDU is the same as that in the corresponding POLL PDU. The list element in the
STAT PDU is set as (3, 5), which tells the SSCOP A: To resend PDU3 and PDU4;
To release PDU1 and PDU2 from the buffer; To preserve PDU3 and PDU4,
because there is still no sufficient information about the final results of PDU3 and
PDU4.
Note:
The odd element (the value is 3) represents a PDU within a certain loss interval, while the even element
represents the first PDU in the next sequence properly received.
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Action Tx Rx Delivered
1 (0)
2 (0) 1 X
3 (0) 2 X
4 (0) X
POLL(5,1)
X
5 (1)
6 (1)
7 (1)
5})
N(MR), {3,
STAT(3, 1, X
X
Free 1, 2
7
2.2.3 SSCF
I. Overview
As shown in Figure 2-1, the SSCF functions as the adaptation layer of the SSCOP and
the upper layer applications. Upper layer applications include NBAP, MTP3-B and
Signal Transport Convert (STC).
The MTP3-B is used for Network to network interface (NNI), which has higher link
quality. SAAL is required to support link quality check and to help the MTP3-B with link
switchover.
However, NBAP is used for User to Network Interface (UNI), which has poorer link
quality and greater delay. Therefore, SSCF is divided into SSCF-NNI and SSCF-UNI
to cater to different upper layer applications.
z SSCF-NNI is used for adapting SSCOP and upper layer MTP3-B. It maps the
primitive from MTP3-B to SSCOP signal as required, or reversely. SSCF-NNI
acts as a medium for signal transferring between SSCOP and MTP3-B. SSCF
does not send PDUs to the peer SSCF of the receiver. It transfers its information
through the SSCOP PDU. Besides primitive mapping, SSCF-NNI also
implements local data retrieval, link state maintenance and link quality check
functions. It reports link information to layer management.
z SSCF-UNI is used for adapting SSCOP or upper layer NBAP or STC. It
implements error-free sequential data transmission by use of SSCOP. Similar to
SSCF-NNI, it maps the primitive from NBAP/STC to SSCOP signal as required. It
differs from SSCF-NNI in that it does not implement link alignment and data
retrieval functions. SSCF-UNI accomplishes primitive mapping, SAAL link setup
and release, and data transmission acknowledgement.
II. Function
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z Local data retrieval. SSCF retrieves data that have not been sent in the links
when the links get faulty or switched over, and sends the data to other links for
transmission.
z Flow control. SSCF reports to the user the congestion level (or no congestion) to
prevent the loss of cells. It also adjusts certain PDU flow to the lower layer to
prevent congestion of the peer end.
z Link state maintenance. According to the primitive received from MTP3-B and
SSCOP, SSCF maintains information about link states, such as Out Of Service
and In Service. Using the information, it can provide primitives/signals to MTP3-B
and SSCOP to help with link management.
z Layer management report. SCCF sends MAAL primitive to LM, for example,
SSCF reports link fault to LM when one link gets faulty. It monitors errors with the
help of LM.
z Link alignment.
2.2.4 CPCS
CPCS-PDU
PAD UU CPI LI CRC
Payload
0~47
bytes 8 bits 8 bits 16 bits 32 bits
CPCS-PDU Tail
CPCS-PDU format is shown in Figure 2-5, including three parts, CPCS-PDU payload,
PAD and PCS-PDU tail.
The length of CPCS-PDU payload is variable within 1~65535 bytes.
PAD filling-in bits makes the length of CPCS-PDU the integer times of 48 bytes. The
length of CPCS-PDU tail is 8 bytes, including the following parts:
z User-to-User Indication (UUI), used for the transparent transmission of
information between CPCS users.
z CPCS Part Indication (CPI), used to make the length of CPCS-PDU tail as 8
bytes.
z Length Indication (LI), used to indicate the length of CPCS-PDU payload.
z Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), used to check the content of CPCS-PDU,
including CPCS-PDU payload area, PAD, UU, CP and LI and so on.
2.2.5 SAR
The Segment And Reassemble (SAR) sublayer in the AAL5 segments the CPCS-PDU
into 48-byte SAR-PDU without any overheads. Reassembly function is achieved
during SDU receiving.
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2.2.6 LM
I. Overview
II. Function
LM provides three algorithms for error monitoring. These algorithms can detect
bursting errors lasting more than 400ms.
z Algorithm 1 is mainly used when the load is heavy. If the data volume to be sent is
too large, the receiving end does not have enough time to process them so that
data in the buffer cannot be released on time and the sending queue keeps
increasing. When the sending queue is increased to a certain value, links will get
released.
z Algorithm 2 is mainly for medium load. Algorithm 2 monitors the number of data
retransmissions. Within a certain period, if the number of data retransmissions
exceeds the threshold, the link quality must be very poor. When the transmission
delay cannot be tolerated by the system, links will get released.
z Algorithm 3 is mainly used for low load. When the load is low, the difference
between the number of POLL PDUs sent and the number of STAT PDUs
received, that is, the number of STAT PDUs lost, exceeds a certain value within a
certain period, it means the link quality is very poor and links will get released.
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I. Message Parameters
Parameters Comments
Information field The information field of an SD, MD, or UD PDU is mapped from the
“Message unit” parameter of an AA-DATA, MAA-UNITDATA, or
AA-UNITDATA request, respectively. It is mapped to a “Message unit”
parameter of an AA-DATA, MAA-UNITDATA, or AA-UNITDATA indication,
respectively.
N(PS) VT(PS) (after VT(PS) has been incremented) is mapped to N(PS) whenever
a POLL PDU is generated. The receiver of a POLL PDU maps the received
POLL.N(PS) into the field STAT.N(PS). In addition, to facilitate error
recovery procedures, the current value of VT(PS) is mapped into N(PS) and
stored in the transmitter buffer with the corresponding SD PDU whenever a
SD PDU is sent.
N(MR) VR(MR) is mapped to N(MR) whenever a STAT, USTAT, RS, RSAK, ER,
ERAK, BGN, or BGAK PDU is generated. This is the basis for credit
granting by the receiver.
Source (S) bit In an END PDU this bit conveys whether the originator of the release was
the SSCOP or the SSCOP user. When the transmission of an END PDU is
stimulated by the user, this bit is set to 0. When the transmission of an END
PDU is stimulated by the SSCOP, this bit is set to 1. This bit is mapped into
the “Source” field of an AA-RELEASE.indication
N(SQ) This field carries the connection sequence value. VT(SQ) is mapped to
N(SQ) whenever a new BGN, RS, or ER PDU is transmitted. This field is
used by the receiver together with VR(SQ) to identify retransmitted BGN,
RS, and ER PDUs
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II. Example
2.3 MTP3-B
2.3.1 Overview
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specified by the related field in Message signaling unit (MSU). There are only two
user parts at Iu/Iur interface, that is, SCCP and Signal Transport Convert (STC).
Functionally this part may be further subdivided into message discrimination,
message routing and message distribution.
z The signaling network management part provides the following functions:
Performing re-networking for a signaling network that gets faulty (e.g., a signaling
link or a signaling transfer point is congested) during its running. With the
increase of signaling network traffics and of loads over signaling links, the
signaling network might be congested. Therefore, this part also performs
congestion control function. The signaling network management function can be
classified into signaling traffic management, signaling link management and
signaling route management.
2.3.2 Function
I. Message Discrimination
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handling. If the local signaling point is not the destination and is capable of transferring,
the message routing function will be enabled, so as to transfer the message through
message routing. If the local signaling point does not have the transferring capability,
the signaling network management function will be informed to handle the message as
an illegal one.
The message routing function selects a proper route for the message according to the
header information. It processes the messages as follows.
z For the message sent from the upper layer, the message routing has to find an
available route to send it unless such route does not exist.
z For the message sent from another SP, it will be sent out if the SP receiving it has
the signaling transfer function and the Destination Signaling Point (DSP) of this
message exists in the DSP table of this SP.
z For the message that does not belong to a SP, it will be discarded if this SP has
the signaling transfer function but the DSP of this message does not exist in the
DSP table of this SP.
The signaling traffic management transfers signaling traffics over signaling links or
over routes or temporarily reduces traffics in case of congestion. Signaling traffic
management covers the following procedures:
z In case a signaling link gets unavailable (for example, faulty, disconnected or
inhibited), the traffics over the signaling link will be changed over to another one
or more links.
z When the link becomes available (reconnected or uninhibited), the traffics will be
changed back to this link.
z In case a signaling route gets unavailable, the traffics over this route will be
changed over to the substitute route by means of forced rerouting.
z When the route becomes available, the traffics will be changed back to this route
by using the controlled rerouting program.
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z In case a signaling route is restricted, the traffics over this route will be changed
over to the substitute route by using the controlled rerouting program.
To limit the traffics of signaling sources in case of congestion, the signaling traffic flow
control program is used to control these traffics.
Signaling link management serves to stop using the unavailable or unreliable link and
repeatedly restarts it for the purpose of making it available. Besides, it also provides
the link test function to periodically test links for confirmation of the usability of these
links.
The structure of MTP3-B is the same as that of MTP3. Service Information Octet (SIO)
and Service Information Field (SIF) are also included in Its MSU.
SIO comprises Service Indicator (SI) and Sub-Service Field (SSF), as shown in Figure
2-7. The length of SIO is eight bits, among which SI and SSF occupy four bits
respectively.
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SIF includes two parts addressing Label and signaling message, as shown in Figure
2-8.
1) Label
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Label includes the necessary information needed to send the message to its
destination. The length of standard routing label is 32 bits, it locates in the beginnig of
the SIF. Label includes Destination Point Code (DPC), Originating signaling Point
Code (OPC) and Signaling Link Selection Code (SLS).
DPC is digital address, which is the code used to identify each signaling point uniquely
in the SS7. When the DPC of the message represents the accepting signaling point,
the message is sent to the corresponding user part that the service indicator of the SIO
indicates (for instance, the SCCP).
SLS is used to:
z Guarantee the message order. Any two messages with the same SLS reaches
their destination with the same order they are sent.
z Allow all the available links to share the traffic load equally. If a user part sends
message periodically, and distributes the SLS in a cyclic way, then all the service
level at the destination shall be the same.
Signaling message SL OP DP
S C C
2) Signaling message
Signaling message part is also called as service information part. This part can be
further divided into several sub-fields. These sub-fields can be mandatory or optional.
The length of them can be fixed or flexible to meet the demand of various functions or
expansion. This enables the signaling message unit to meet different user messages.
It also makes it possible to transmit different user messages in the common channel.
The most important signaling message of MTP layer is the signaling network
management message. In the following, we will focus on it.
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8n 4 4 4 4 24/14 24/14
( n = 0)
1) Label
Composed of DPC, OPC and SLC, as stated before
2) Heading code
The heading code is made up of two 4 bits: H0 and H1.
H0 identifies the management message group, and H1 determines the messages in a
message group. H0 and H1 occupy 4 bits respectively and their total capacity of
representing messages is up to 265 kinds, i.e., there are 16 message groups and each
of them has 16 types of message.
H0 Description
0000 Reserved
1001 Spare
1011–1111 Spare
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Signaling network management message and its heading code allocation are
described in Table 2-2 in details.
Table 2-2 Messages of SS7 the third function level network management
Message H1 00
0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111
Group H0 00
0000
(LRT
MIM 0110 LIN LUN LIA LUA LID LFU LLT
)
(TRA
TRM 0111
)
DLM 1000
1001
(UP
UFC 1010
U)
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
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I. Changeover
Changeover refers to the signaling traffic management process which shifts the
signaling traffic from a signaling link, when it turns from normal operation into
unavailable (such as signaling link fault, blocking or out of service), to one or more
alternative signaling links.
II. Changback
Generally, signaling traffic in the signaling network are carried on normal signaling
links, while alternative signaling links only take over the signaling traffic from the
signaling links that are "temporarily" faulty. Therefore signaling traffic must be changed
back to normal signaling links once the “temporarily” faulty links are available again.
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not change. However, the signaling link is marked as “blocked”, the signaling traffic of
the blocked link is stopped temporarily. You can carry out test periodically.
If necessary, the blocked link can be unblocked by the MML command. Signaling route
control function can also start the unblocking management prohibit procedure.
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Table 2-3 General management process of signaling network upon change of signaling link status
When a Normally, when a signaling link When one signaling link is the same procedure
signaling link is to be disconnected, the disconnected, if the number of as that of signaling link
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When a signaling
route set becomes
When a available again due to
the same procedure as that of
signaling link None unblocking of the link,
signaling link restoration.
is unblocked the transfer allowed
process will be
employed.
For the signaling traffic of a destination, the signaling route may be in one of these two
states: available, unavailable.
When a transfer prohibited message is received, indicating that the signaling traffic to
a destination can no longer be transmitted via the STP which sends out relevant
message, the signaling route will become unavailable.
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When a transfer allowed message is received, indicating that the signaling traffic to a
destination can be transmitted via the STP sending out transfer allowed message, the
signaling route will again become available.
shows the process involved in signaling route status changing
I. Message Structrue
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II. Example
I. Message Structue
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II. Example
I. Message Structue
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II. Example
2.4 ALCAP
2.4.1 Overview
Q. AAL2
ALCAP
Access Link Control Application Part (ALCAP), also called Q.AAL2 protocol, is the
control plane of the Iub/Iur/Iu-CS transport network layer with the signaling bearers of
SAAL UNI type and MTP3-B type.
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2.4.2 Function
The establishment and release of an AAL2 connection is initiated by the ALCAP at the
RNC, as shown in Figure 2-11.
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To prevent a new connection being established over an AAL2 path, a blocking can be
initiated from the O&M system for the path.
When a path is unblocked, the originating end is in a locally blocked state and the peer
end in a remotely blocked state. If the peer end also initiates a blocking, both ends of
the path are in a locally blocked state. The test connection can be set up over the path
in a blocked state.
The blocked AAL2 path may be unblocked through an unblocking procedure. The
unblocking procedure can be initiated by local end or remote end.
The message procedure of blocking and unblocking a path is shown in Figure 2-12.
BLOCK REQUEST
BLOCK REQUEST
BLOCK CONFIRM
BLOCK CONFIRM
UNBLOCK REQUEST
UNBLOCK REQUEST
UNBLOCK CONFIRM
UNBLOCK CONFIRM
III. Reset
Reset can help to release AAL2 connection or AAL2 PATH in a confused state. There
are three types of resets: reset of an AAL2 connection, reset of an AAL2 PATH and
reset of all AAL2 PATHs between two SPs.
The message procedures for a reset are shown in Figure 2-13.
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RESET REQUEST
RESET REQUEST
RELEASE INDICATION
RESET CONFIRM
RESET CONFIRM
The length of the ALCAP message is variable and the message header is 6 bytes long
fixedly. The parameter in the message is classified into mandatory parameter that may
be further divided into fixed-length parameter and variable-length parameter and
optional parameter. The first byte of the variable-length field in the variable-length
parameter should indicate the length of the field. The architecture is shown in Figure
2-14.
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Signaling related ID
Message ID
Message length
ID of parameter A
Field a in parameter A
Field b in parameter A
Field c in parameter A
Parameter B
I. Message Structure
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II. Example
2.5 SCCP
2.5.1 Overview
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2.5.2 Function
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freezing the local node to prevent disordered connections when releasing the local
connection reference source.
The routing function of the BSC6800 system is used to implement the addressing for
DPC+SSN address information.
The SCCP routing function implements the addressing for SCCP address information
more universal than DPC.
SCCP address information covers:
1) DPC
2) DPC+SSN
In which DPC is the one adopted by MTP while SSN is used to identify different SCCP
users (for example, ISUP, MAP, TCAP. and so on) so as to compensate for shortage of
MTP users and broaden the addressing scope, thus to be applicable for new services
in the future. The routing function of the BSC6800 system can translate the following
types of address information as per the actual requirements: DPC+SSN and DPC.
Upon receiving a message from MTP, the SCCP route control part of a node analyzes
its called address. If this node is the destination of this message, it will distribute the
message to the destination user. Otherwise it will translate the address of the
message to form a new route flag and potential new called address and then send
them to MTP.
Upon receiving a message from the connection-oriented control part or the
connectionless control part, SCCP performs route analysis to it and then send it to the
MTP part, the connection-oriented control part or the connectionless control part for
processing.
If the SI of a MSU equals to 0011, it means the message is SCCP message. The
content of the SCCP message is located in the SIF of the MSU, as shown in Figure
2-15. The route flags of SCCP also includes DPC, OPC and SLS.
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I. Message Structure
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II. Example
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3.1 Overview
Successful cell setup is prerequisite to normal communication of the WCDMA system.
The BSC6800 can implement cell setup in two ways.
z Cell setup via O&M system
This procedure is directly initiated by an RNC and involves such procedures as
cell setup, common transport channel setup, Iub interface data transport bearer
setup, system information update, common measurement initiation, and so on.
z Cell setup triggered by resource audit response from NodeB
RNC initiates resource audit procedure towards NodeB. NodeB responses to
RNC, and then RNC initiate the cell setup procedure. The procedures thereafter
are similar to those involved in the cell setup through O&M system.
This chapter includes the following contents:
1) Description of each procedure of cell setup.
2) One example of the procedures to set up a cell.
NodeB CRNC
NodeB uses resource status indication to report its physical resources to RNC. In the
following cases, NodeB will trigger the resource status indication procedures:
z When a Local Cell becomes existing at the NodeB.
z When a Local Cell is to be deleted in NodeB, that is, the status becomes Not
existing.
z When the capabilities of the Local Cell changes at the NodeB.
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z When a cell has changed its capability and/or its resource operational state at
NodeB.
z When common physical channels and/or common transport channels have
changed their capabilities at a NodeB.
z When a communication control port changed its resource operational state at the
NodeB.
z When a Local Cell Group has changed its resource capability at the NodeB.
The NodeB initiates a RESOURCE STATUS INDICATION message to the CRNC in
each of the above cases and the RESOURCE STATUS INDICATION message may
contain the trigger cause and the associated logical resource contents, as shown in
Figure 3-1.
The resource audit procedure is executed by the CRNC to perform an audit of the
configuration and status of the logical resources in the NodeB. A complete audit of a
NodeB is performed by one or more Audit procedures and each procedure carries an
audit sequence number. The audit may cause the CRNC to re-sync the NodeB to the
status of logical resources known by the CRNC.
The procedure is initiated with an AUDIT REQUEST message sent from the CRNC to
the NodeB, as shown in Figure 3-2.
z If the Start of Audit Sequence information element (IE) in the AUDIT REQUEST
message is set to “start of audit sequence”, a new audit sequence is started, any
ongoing audit sequence shall be aborted and the NodeB shall provide (part of the)
audit information.
z If the Start of Audit Sequence IE is set to” not start of audit sequence”, the NodeB
shall provide (part of) the remaining audit information not already provided during
this audit sequence.
NodeB CRNC
AUDIT REQUEST
AUDIT RESPONSE
The NodeB responds to the resource audit request of the RNC by an AUDIT
RESPONSE message. AUDIT RESPONSE message includes information about
physical common channel of logical cell, CCP, local cell, local group cell. Among which
the local cell and the local cell group information is the abstraction of the NodeB’s
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physical resources. In this way, RNC can distribute the logical resources of the cell
according to the abstract data.
z If the information provided in the AUDIT RESPONSE message completes the
audit sequence, the NodeB shall set the End of Audit Sequence Indicator IE in
the AUDIT RESPONSE message to “End of Audit Sequence”.
z If not all audit information has been provided yet as part of the ongoing audit
sequence, the NodeB shall set the End of Audit Sequence Indicator IE in the
AUDIT RESPONSE message to “Not End of Audit Sequence”.
NodeB CRNC
After receiving the AUDIT RESPONSE from the NodeB, the CRNC sends a CELL
SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB if the conditions of cell setup are satisfied.
The NodeB shall set up a new cell according to the parameters included in that
message, as shown in Figure 3-3.
z If the CELL SETUP REQUEST message includes one or more Secondary CPICH
Information IE(s), the NodeB shall configure and activate the Secondary CPICH(s)
(SCPICH(s)) in the cell according to received configuration data.
z The Maximum Transmission Power IE value shall be stored in the NodeB and at
any instance of time the total maximum output power in the cell shall not be
bigger than this value.
z If the CELL SETUP REQUEST message includes one or more Closed Loop
Timing Adjustment Mode IE(s), the value(s) shall be stored in the NodeB and
applied when closed loop Feed-Back mode diversity is used on DPCH.
When the cell is successfully configured, the NodeB shall store the Configuration
Generation ID IE value and send a CELL SETUP RESPONSE message as a
response.
When the cell is successfully configured, CPICH(s), Primary SCH (PSCH), Secondary
SCH (SSCH), Primary CCPCH (PCCPCH) and BCH exist. The cell and the channels
shall be set to Enabled state. When the cell is not successfully configured, the CELL
SETUP FAILURE message shall be sent to CRNC.
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The common transport channel setup procedure is used for establishing the following
channels: Secondary CCPCH (SCCPCH), FACH, PCH, PICH, PRACH, RACH, AICH.
NodeB CRNC
Note:
The transport channel synchronization procedure in user plane follows the establishment of downlink
common transport channel. After the PCH is established successfully, the node synchronization
procedure in user plane may follow.
The CRNC sends an ALCAP message Q.AAL2 ESTABLISH REQUEST to the NodeB,
requesting for Iub interface user plane establishment. After a successful establishment,
NodeB responds with an ALCAP message Q.AAL2 ESTABLISH CONFIRM to the
CRNC, indicating the Iub interface user plane has been established.
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NodeB CRNC
After all common transport channels are set up, the CRNC sends a SYSTEM
INFORMATION UPDATE REQUEST message to the NodeB, as shown in Figure 3-5.
That message includes the contents of the system information segments broadcast on
the BCCH and the segment scheduling information.
When the NodeB successfully completes the updating of the broadcast channel
scheduling cycle according to the parameters given in the SYSTEM INFORMATION
UPDATE REQUEST message, it responds to the CRNC with a SYSTEM
INFORMATION UPDATE RESPONSE message. When the NodeB does not
successfully complete the updating, it responds with a SYSTEM INFORMATION
UPDATE FAILURE message.
NodeB CRNC
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If the NodeB is able to initiate the measurement requested by the CRNC, it responds
with the COMMON MEASUREMENT INITIATION RESPONSE message sent over the
NodeB control port. If the initiation fails, it responds the COMMON MEASUREMENT
INITIATION FAILURE message.
The cell reconfiguration procedure is used for an RNC to reconfigure a cell in NodeB
when the cell parameters need to be modified, as illustrated in Figure 3-7.
NodeB CRNC
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instance of time the total maximum output power in the cell shall not be bigger
than this value.
If reconfigure the cell successfully, NodeB stores the new Configuration Generation ID
IE value and sends a CELL RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE message as a
response. If fail to reconfigure the cell, NodeB sends a CELL RECONFIGURATION
FAILURE message.
If the CELL RECONFIGURATION REQUEST message includes the Synchronization
Configuration IE, NodeB reconfigures the indicated parameters in the cell according to
the IE value. When the parameters in the Synchronization Configuration IE affect the
thresholds applied to a radio link set, NodeB immediately applies the new thresholds.
The cell deletion procedure is used to delete a cell from NodeB, as illustrated in Figure
3-8.
NodeB CRNC
I. Message Structure
Message Discriminator M –
Message Type M –
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Transaction ID M –
Indication Type M –
>No Failure –
>>>Local Cell ID M –
>>>Add/Delete Indicator M –
>Service Impacting –
>>>Local Cell ID M –
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>>>Availability Status M –
>>Cell Information –
>>>C-ID M –
>>>Availability Status O –
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>>>BCH Information O –
>>>PCH Information O –
>>>PICH Information O –
>>>FACH Information –
>>>PRACH Information –
>>>RACH Information –
>>>AICH Information –
>>>PCPCH Information –
>>>CPCH Information –
>>>AP-AICH Information –
>>>CD/CA-ICH Information –
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>>>SCH Information O –
Cause O –
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II. Examples
I. Message Structure
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Message Discriminator M –
Message Type M –
Transaction ID M –
Cell Information –
>C-ID M –
>Configuration Generation ID M –
>Availability Status M –
>Local Cell ID M –
>BCH Information O –
>PCH Information O –
>PICH Information O –
>FACH Information –
>PRACH Information –
>RACH Information –
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>AICH Information –
>PCPCH Information –
>CPCH Information –
>AP-AICH Information –
>CD/CA-ICH Information –
>SCH Information O –
>Availability Status M –
>Local Cell ID M –
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Criticality Diagnostics O –
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II. Examples
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I. Message Structure
Message Discriminator M –
Message Type M –
Transaction ID M –
Local Cell ID M –
C-ID M Cell ID
Configuration Generation ID M –
UARFCN M –
UARFCN M –
Synchronization Configuration –
>N_INSYNC_IND M –
>N_OUTSYNC_IND M –
>T_RLFAILURE M –
>TSTD Indicator M –
>TSTD Indicator M –
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>BCH Information –
>STTD Indicator M –
>Power_Raise_Limit M –
>DL_power_averaging_window_size M –
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II. Example
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I. Message Structure
Message Discriminator M
Message Type M
Transaction ID M
C-ID M Cell ID
Configuration Generation ID M
>>Secondary CCPCH
>>>TFCS M –
>>>TFCI Presence C– –
SlotFormat
>>>Multiplexing Position M –
>>>STTD Indicator M –
>>>FACH Parameters –
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>>>>ToAWS M –
>>>>ToAWE M –
>>>PCH Parameters
>>>>ToAWS M –
>>>>ToAWE M –.
>>>>PCH Power M –
>>>>PICH Parameters
>>>>>PICH Power M –
>>>>>PICH Mode M –.
>>>>>STTD Indicator M –
>>PRACH
>>>TFCS M –.
>>>Preamble Signatures M
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>>>Puncture Limit M
>>>Preamble Threshold M
>>>RACH Parameters –
>>AICH Parameters –
>>>AICH Power M –
>>>STTD Indicator M –
>>CPCH Parameters –
>>>TFCS M –
>>>CD Signatures O –
>>>Puncture Limit M –
>>>UL SIR M –
>>>Maximum DL Power M –
>>>Minimum DL Power M –
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>>>PO2 M –
>>>PO3 M –
>>>N_Start_Message M –
>>>N_EOT M –
>>>>PCP Length M –
>>>>>NF_max M –
>>>>NF_max M –
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>>>AP-AICH Parameters –
>>>>AP-AICH Power M –
>>>>CSICH Power M –
>>>>STTD Indicator M –
>>>CD/CA-ICH Parameters –
>>>>CD/CA-ICH Power M –
>>>>STTD Indicator M –
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II. Example
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I. Message Structure
Message Discriminator M –
Message Type M –
Transaction ID M –
C-ID M –
MIB/SB/SIBInformation –
>IB Type M –
>IB OC ID M –
>CHOICE IB DeletionIndicator M –
>>NoDeletion –
>>>IB SG REP O –
>>>Segment Information –
>>>>IB SG POS O –
>>>>Segment type C– –
CRNCOrigination
>>>>IB SG DATA C– –
CRNCOrigination
>>Deletion –
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II. Example
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Node B RNC
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NodeB RNC
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HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Chapter 4 System Information Procedure Analysis
4.1 Overview
System information is broadcasted to the UEs within a cell or the whole PLMN. Its
purpose is to tell UE the common information of the access stratum and the
non-access stratum. In this way, it helps the UE to know the network configuration
before initiate a call, thus to choose a proper way to initiate the call.
Information on the non-access stratum includes operator’s information, CN domain
information and so on; Information on the access stratum includes URA information,
cell information, channel information, cell selection/re-selection information and so on.
SIB
SIB
MIB SB
SIB
SIB
The three types of system information blocks are organized as a tree as shown in
Figure 4-1. Their features and main contents are as follows:
z A MIB bears scheduling information to a number of SIBs or SBs in a cell. A MIB
can also contain the PLMN Type (GSM and/or ANSI-41) supported by the cell
and the PLMN ID. MIBs are regularly broadcast on a BCH on fixed occasions.
Because BCH is mapped to the PCCPCH, UE within the cell can read the content
of MIB to know if it is necessary of update or store the system information.
z A SB bears additional scheduling information for SIBs. The SB is applied when
the scheduling resources of the MIB are insufficient.
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z SIB bears the actual system information, including 18 type of SIB. The scheduling
information of SIB is borne by MIB or SB.
A SIB groups together system information elements of the same nature. Dynamic
parameters (i.e., system parameters changing frequently) and static parameters (i.e.,
system parameters less or never changing) are borne in different SIBs.
z For a SIB containing dynamic parameters (SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB14, SIB17,), the
scheduling occasion information is described in the scheduling information
included in MIB or SB. The UE regularly reads the SIB at repetition periods.
z A SIB containing static parameters (SIB1-SIB6, SIB10-SIB3, SIB15, SIB16 and
SIB18) is identified using a value tag. A value tag is included in MIB or SB as a
part of the scheduling information. The UE checks whether the value tag for a SIB
is different compared to the value tag for the SIB the UE last read. If so, the UE
shall re-read the SIB. Therefore, the UE can know by monitoring the MIB whether
a SIB containing static parameters is updated.
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UE UTRAN
SYSTEM INFORMATION
UTRAN sends a SYSTEM INFORMATION message to the UE. The message contains
the scheduling information, area scope, system information contents, and so on.
The RRC layer in UTRAN performs segmentation and concatenation of encoded
system information blocks. If the encoded system information block is larger than the
size of a SYSTEM INFORMATION message, it will be segmented and transmitted in
several messages. If the encoded system information block is smaller than a SYSTEM
INFORMATION message, UTRAN may concatenate several system information
blocks, or the first segment or the last segment into the same message.
The UE shall read SYSTEM INFORMATION messages broadcast on a BCH transport
channel in idle mode and in states CELL_PCH, CELL_FACH and URA_PCH. In idle
mode and connected mode different combinations of SIBs are valid. The UE shall
acquire the needed system information blocks. The UE may store SIBs for different
cells and different PLMNs, to be used if the UE returns to these cells or PLMNs.
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HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Chapter 4 System Information Procedure Analysis
UE NodeB CRNC
1.SYSTEM INFORMATION UPDATE
NBAP REQUEST NBAP
2.SYSTEM INFORMATION UPDATE
NBAP RESPONSE NBAP
I. Message Structure
Message type OP –
SFNprime CV-channel –
>Combination 1 –
>Combination 2 –
>>First Segment MP –
>Combination 3 –
>>Subsequent Segment MP –
>Combination 4 –
>>Last segment MP –
>Combination 5 –
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>>Last segment MP –
>>First Segment MP –
>Combination 6 –
>>Last Segment MP –
>>Complete list MP –
>>>Complete MP –
>Combination 7 –
>>Last Segment MP –
>>Complete list MP –
>>>Complete MP –
>>First Segment MP –
>Combination 8 –
>>Complete list MP –
>>>Complete MP –
>Combination 9 –
>>Complete list MP –
>>>Complete MP –
>>First Segment MP –
>Combination 10 –
>Combination 11 –
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II. Example
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Upon modifications of SIBs using value tags, UTRAN should notify the new value tag
for the MIB to the UE.
z To notify UEs in idle mode, CELL_PCH state or URA_PCH state, UTRAN sends
a PAGING TYPE 1 message on the PCCH on all paging occasions in the cell to
transmit the new MIB value tag.
z To notify UEs in CELL_FACH state, UTRAN sends a SYSTEM INFORMATION
CHANGE INDICATION message on the BCCH to transmit the new MIB value
tag.
Upon reception of a PAGING TYPE 1 message or a SYSTEM INFORMATION
CHANGE INDICATION message from UTRAN, the UE shall read the changed system
information according to the new MIB value tag.
UE UTRAN
PAGING TYPE 1
Figure 4-4 System information modification (in idle mode and in state CELL_PCH or URA_PCH)
UE UTRAN
SYSTEM INFORMATION
CHANGE INDICATION
Other types of SIBs have timers respectively. The UE shall consider the stored system
information content invalid, start and re-acquire the content of the new SIB when the
expiry timer of a SIB expires.
The UE may postpone reading the SIB until the content is needed.
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5.1 Overview
When UE searches a cell and reads the system information of the cell, it can obtain
the configured parameter of the system and thus access to the network.
There are two types of call setup procedures. One is implemented when the UE acts
as a caller and the other when the UE acts as a callee. The difference between the two
procedures is that different parties initiate the call setup request.
Either the UE is the caller or is a callee, the call setup/release includes the following
procedures:
1) UE initiates the RRC connection setup procedure to set up a signaling connection
to the UTRAN.
2) Through Direct Transfer Messages, The RNC sets up a signaling connection to
the CN
3) UE capacity information
4) RAB setup
5) RAB release and Iu signaling connection release
6) RRC connection release
5.2 Paging
5.2.1 Overview
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z In the case of non co-ordination paging, the RNC need not check whether the UE
has other CN domain signaling connections besides the paging domain
connection but directly transmit the paging message on the PCCH in the CN
specified paging area.
UTRAN may initiate paging for UEs in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state to trigger a cell
update procedure to CELL_FACH state. In addition, UTRAN may initiate paging for
UEs to trigger reading of updated system information.
For UEs in idle mode or in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, RNC initiates the paging
procedure by transmitting a PAGING TYPE 1 message on the PCCH.
For UEs in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH state, RNC initiates the paging procedure by
transmitting a PAGING TYPE 2 message on the DCCH.
UE UTRAN
PAGING TYPE 1
Figure 5-1 Paging procedure for UEs in idle mode or in PCH state
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UE UTRAN
PAGING TYPE 2
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE Information elements –
>Paging record MP –
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II. Example
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
Paging cause MP –
CN Information elements –
CN domain identity MP –
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II. Example
The UE shall initiate the RRC connection setup procedure when the NAS in the UE
requests the establishment of a signaling connection and the UE is in idle mode.
After receiving the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the UE, the RNC
shall determine according to a specific algorithm whether to accept or reject the RRC
connection request. If accepting the request, the RNC shall then determine whether to
set up the RRC connection on a dedicated channel (DCH) or on a common channel
(CCH). On different channels, the RRC connection setup procedures are different.
Note:
RRC connection setup is always initiated by the UE and RRC connection release by the RNC. Each UE
has at most one RRC connection.
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The RNC shall allocate dedicated radio resources to the UE and set up a radio link
and an Iub interface ALCAP user plane transport bearer for the radio link when an
RRC connection is set up on a dedicated channel.
Figure 5-3 illustrates the RRC connection setup signaling procedure on a dedicated
channel.
UE NodeB RNC
2.Allocate parameters
such asRNTI、L1、
L2
3. RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
NBAP NBAP
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Since the UE uses the common resources already established in a cell when the RRC
connection is set up on a common channel, the UE need only map its logical channel
onto a common channel in the cell rather than set up a radio link and a user plane data
transport bearer. Other procedures are similar to those used for RRC connection setup
on a dedicated channel.
Figure 5-4 illustrates the RRC connection setup signaling procedure on a common
channel.
UE NodeB RNC
1.CCCH : RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
RRC RRC
2.Allocate parameters
such as RNTI、L1、
L2
If RNC judges that the RRC connection request can not be set up (for instance,
insufficient resources), RNC directly sends a RRC CONNECTION REJECT message
to UE, and indicates the reject reason in the message as well.
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UE RNC
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
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II. Example
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
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UE Information Elements –
New U-RNTI MP –
New C-RNTI OP –
RB Information Elements –
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Frequency info MD –
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II. Example
I. Message Structure
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Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
Initial UE identity MP –
II. Example
None
I. Message Structure
Message Discriminator M –
Message Type M –
Transaction ID M –
UL DPCH Information –
>puncture Limit M –
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>TFCS M –
>Diversity mode M –
DL DPCH Information –
>TFCS M –
>Multiplexing Position M –
>PDSCH RL ID C-DSCH –
>>PO1 M –
>>PO2 M –
>>PO3 M –
DCH Information M –
DSCH Information O –
>ToAWS M –
>ToAWE M –
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RL Information –
>RL ID M –
>C-ID M –
>Frame Offset M –
>Chip Offset M –
>Propagation Delay O –
>Maximum DL power M –
>Minimum DL power M –
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II. Example
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Direct transfer messages used to exchange the NAS information between the UE and
the CN, for instance, authentication, service request, connection setup and so on.
Such information is transparently transported in the RNC, and is therefore called direct
transfer message.
The RRC connection is only a signaling connection between the UE and the RNC. A
signaling connection shall also be set up between the UE and the CN to transport
direct transfer messages. The RNC shall set up the signaling connection to the CN on
the SCCP when it receives the first direct transfer message, that is, INITIAL DIRECT
TRANSFER message.
When the signaling connection is successfully set up, the message from the UE to the
CN shall be sent in the following way: the UE sends an UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
message to the RNC and the RNC converts the message to a DIRECT TRANSFER
message and forwards it to the CN. The message from the CN to the UE shall be sent
in the following way: the CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the RNC and
the RNC converts the message to a DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message and
forwards it to the UE.
Note:
Upon initiation of the initial direct transfer procedure when the UE is in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state,
the UE shall perform a cell update procedure using the cause "uplink data transmission" to transfer the
UE to the CELL_FACH state. When the cell update procedure completed successfully, the UE shall
continue with the initial direct transfer procedure.
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UE SRNC CN
2.INITIAL UE MESSAGE
RANAP RANAP
3.CONNECITON CONFIRM(SUCCESS)
SCCP SCCP
4.CONNECTION REFUSE(FAILURE)
SCCP SCCP
The UE shall initiate an uplink direct transfer procedure when it need send NAS
messages to the CN on an already existing signaling connection.
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Note:
Upon initiation of the uplink direct transfer procedure in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the UE shall
perform a cell update procedure using the cause "uplink data transmission" to transfer the UE to the
CELL_FACH state. When the cell update procedure completed successfully, the UE shall continue with
the uplink direct transfer procedure.
UE SRNC CN
2.DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
Note:
If the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message includes the “Measured results on RACH IE” information
unit, it indicates the message carries a measurement report. UTRAN should extract the contents to be
used for radio resource control. The rest of the message continues to be sent to the CN.
The CN shall initiate a downlink direct transfer procedure when it need send NAS
messages to the UE on an already existing signaling connection.
Figure 5-8 illustrates the downlink direct transfer signaling procedure.
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UE SRNC CN
1.DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
CN information elements
CN domain identity MP –
NAS message MP –
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II. Example
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
CN information elements –
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CN domain identity MP –
NAS message MP –
II. Example
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
CN information elements –
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CN Domain Identity MP –
NAS message MP –
II. Example
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z When the RRC connection is successfully set up, the RNC sends a UE
CAPABILITY ENQUIRY message to the UE if it finds the capability information
about the corresponding UE does not exist. UE returns a UE CAPABILITY
INFORMATION message to the RNC which contains the UE capability
information.
z When the UE capability information changes during the RRC connection setup
procedure, the UE transmits the updated UE capability to the RNC through a UE
CAPABILITY INFORMATION message.
UE UTRAN
UE CAPABILITY ENQUIRY
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Radio access bearer (RAB) is a user plane bearer. It is used to convey the service
information like speech, data and multimedia between the UE and the CN. The RAB
setup procedure shall only be implemented after the signaling connection is
successfully set up between the UE and the CN. This procedure is initiated by the CN
and implemented by UTRAN.
RAB setup procedures are as follows: CN initiates RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST;
RNC configures the relevant radio network parameters according to the QoS
parameter in the RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST, and then informs the setup result to
CN through the RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE message.
Note:
RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST is initiated by CN; each UE can have one RAB or several RABs.
The RAB setup procedure can be classified into the following three kinds according to
the RRC connection status before and after the RAB setup:
z DCH-DCH: The RRC connection is on a DCH before the RAB setup and also on
a DCH after the RAB setup.
z CCH-DCH: The RRC connection is on a CCH before the RAB setup and on a
DCH after the RAB setup.
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z CCH-CCH: The RRC connection is on a CCH before the RAB setup and also on
a CCH after the RAB setup.
5.6.2 DCH-DCH
When the current RRC status of the UE is DCH, the assigned RAB can only be set up
on a DCH. The RAB setup procedure can be further classified into the following two
kinds according to the radio link reconfiguration situation:
z Synchronized radio link reconfiguration
z Unsynchronized radio link reconfiguration
The difference is that in the former kind of procedure the NodeB and UE cannot invoke
the reconfiguration parameters immediately after they receive the configuration
messages from the Serving Radio Network Controller (SRNC) while in the latter they
can.
In this case, the SRNC, NodeB and UE shall synchronously perform radio link
reconfiguration. The synchronization procedure is given below:
z The NodeB shall not invoke the reconfiguration parameters immediately after it
receives a RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE message but prepare
for the radio resources required. Then it shall wait till it receives a RADIO LINK
RECONFIGURATION COMMIT message from the SRNC and obtains the
synchronization time specified by the SRNC in the message.
z The UE shall also not invoke the reconfiguration parameters immediately after it
receives a RADIO BEARER SETUP message but obtain the synchronization time
specified by the SRNC in the message.
z The NodeB and UE shall invoke the reconfiguration parameters at the
synchronization time specified by the SRNC.
Figure 5-11 illustrates the DCH-DCH RAB setup procedure in the case of
synchronized radio link reconfiguration.
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UE NodeB SRNC CN
1. RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
2.ALCAP setup
3. RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION
PREPARE (Synchronised)
NBAP NBAP
4. RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION
READY (Synchronised)
NBAP NBAP
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8) After performing radio bearer setup, the UE sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP
COMPLETE message to the SRNC.
9) Upon reception of the RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE message, the
SRNC sends an RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE message to the CN. The RAB
setup procedure ends.
In this case, the SRNC, NodeB and UE need not synchronously perform radio link
reconfiguration. The NodeB and UE shall invoke the reconfiguration parameters
immediately after they receive the configuration messages from the SRNC.
Figure 5-12 illustrates the DCH-DCH RAB setup procedure in the case of
unsynchronized radio link reconfiguration.
UE NodeB SRNC CN
2.ALCAP setup
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5.6.3 CCH-DCH
When the RRC connection is on a CCH, the RNC can set up the assigned RAB on a
DCH according to the QoS parameter in the RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message.
The RRC status shall be transferred from the CCH to the DCH.
Figure 5-13 illustrates the CCH-DCH RAB setup procedure.
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UE NodeB SRNC CN
1. RABASSIGNMENT REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
2. ALCAP setup
NBAP NBAP
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5.6.4 CCH-CCH
When the RRC connection is on a CCH, the RNC can set up the assigned RAB on a
CCH according to the QoS parameter in the RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message.
Figure 5-14 illustrates the CCH-CCH RAB setup procedure.
UE NodeB SRNC CN
2. ALCAP setup
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I. Message Structure
Message Type M –
>>>RAB ID M –
>>>RAB Parameters C- –
ifSetuporNewValues
>>>Service Handover O –
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>>RAB ID M –
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II. Example
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I. Message Structure
Message Type M –
>>RAB ID M –
>>RAB ID M –
>>RAB ID M –
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>>RAB ID M –
>>Cause M –
>>RAB ID M –
>>Cause M –
Criticality Diagnostics O –
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II. Example
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE Information Elements –
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Activation time MD –
New U-RNTI OP –
New C-RNTI OP –
CN Information Elements –
CN Information info OP –
URA identity OP –
RB Information Elements –
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CHOICE mode OP –
>FDD –
>>CPCH set ID OP –
>TDD –
Frequency info MD –
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CHOICE mode MP –
>FDD –
>TDD –
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II. Example
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There are two types of call release procedures. One is implemented when the UE
initiates an upper layer call release request and the other when the CN initiates an
upper layer call release request. The resource release procedures in the two cases
are both initiated by the CN.
For a UE, there may have the following situations: one RRC connects with several
RAB (for instance, it connects with VP service and Web Browse service at the same
time), both CS domain and PS domain corresponds to one Iu signaling link
respectively.
The call release can be classified as follows:
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RNC CN
IU RELEASE REQUEST
RNC CN
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The RAB release procedure is also initiated by the CN and implemented by UTRAN.
The RAB release procedure can also be classified into the following three kinds:
z DCH-DCH: The RRC connection is on a DCH before the RAB release and also
on a DCH after the RAB release.
z CCH-CCH: The RRC connection is on a CCH before the RAB release and also
on a CCH after the RAB release.
z DCH-CCH: The RRC connection is on a DCH before the RAB release and on a
CCH after the RAB release.
This section describes only the DCH-DCH RAB release procedure. Other kinds of
procedures may be known on the analogy of this procedure. Similar to the RAB setup
procedure, the DCH-DCH RAB release procedure on the radio interface can also be
further classified into the following two kinds:
z Synchronized radio link reconfiguration
z Unsynchronized radio link reconfiguration
This section describes only the RAB release procedure in the case of synchronized
radio link reconfiguration. The RAB release procedure in the case of unsynchronized
radio link reconfiguration may be known on the analogy of the Iub interface
unsynchronized radio link reconfiguration procedure. Figure 5-17 illustrates the
DCH-DCH RAB release procedure in the case of synchronized radio link
reconfiguration.
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NodeB Serving CN
UE
Serving RNS RNC
1 RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
[Release]
2RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION
PRPARE
NBAP NBAP
[DCH Deletion]
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Note:
In the case of user plane exception at RNC, the RNCAP shall send an RAB RELEASE REQUEST
message to the CN, requesting the CN to release the affected RAB, as illustrated in Figure 5-18.
RNC CN
If CS domain sets up only one RAB, then MSC sends IU RELEASE COMMAND
message to RNC during the service release. When RNC receives this message, it will
release the Iu signaling connection of Iu-CS interface and RAB.
Figure 5-19 shows the combined release of CS domain Iu signaling link and RAB
(DCH-DCH)
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NodeB Serving CN
UE
Serving RNS RNC
1 IU RELEASE COMMAND
RANAP RANAP
9. IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RANAP RANAP
Figure 5-19 Combined release of CS domain Iu signaling link and RAB (DCH-DCH)
I. Overview
After the RAB release, the SRNC shall check whether the same RRC bears other
RABs. If no, the SRNC shall release that RRC connection.
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The RRC connection release procedure is used to release the RRC connection
including all radio bearers between the UE and the UTRAN. By doing so, all
established signaling connections will be released.
The RRC connection release procedure can be divided into two kinds according to the
RRC status i.e., RRC release on a DCH and RRC release on a CCH.
Only when the UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state, can RRC connection
release be implemented. If the RRC is currently in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state,
UTRAN shall initiate a paging procedure to transfer the UE to CELL_FACH state
before it performs the release.
The RNC shall send an RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message on the downlink
DCCH or CCCH using UM RLC.
UTRAN sends RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message using DCCH channel if
DCCH is available. Otherwise, UTRAN sends the message using CCCH.
Figure 5-20 illustrates the signaling procedure for RRC connection release on a DCH.
UE NodeB SRNC
5.ALCAP Release
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4) After releasing the resources, the NodeB returns a RADIO LINK DELETION
RESPONSE message to the SRNC.
5) The RNC initiates an Iub interface user plane transport bearer release procedure
using ALCAP. The RRC connection release procedure ends.
Figure 5-21 illustrates the signaling procedure for RRC connection release on a CCH.
UE NodeB SRNC
The SRNC sends the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message to the UE on the
CCCH to initiate an RRC connection release procedure. The UE shall release the
resources.
In the case of RRC connection release on a CCH, the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
COMPLETE is not required. UTRAN shall release only the UE rather than the NodeB
resources and data transport bearer, for the UE uses only the cell common resources.
Note:
UTRAN may transmit several RRC CONNECTION RELEASE messages to increase the probability of
proper reception of the message by the UE. The RRC message sequence number (RRC SN) for these
messages is the same. The number of repetitions and the repetition period are controlled by the network
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6.1 Overview
The handover procedures are an important feature of mobile communication. UMTS
includes the following mobility management:
z Forward handover (cell update and URA update)
z Soft handover
z Hard handover,
z Inter-RAT handover
z Relocation
The forward handover procedure is divided into cell and URA update procedures. The
procedures are used to update the UE information in UTRAN after UE location change.
In addition, they are also used to supervise the RRC connection, transit the RRC
connection status, report an error and transmit information.
Both cell and URA update procedures are initiated by a UE.
The Cell Update procedure is possible for UEs in the connected mode (URA_PCH,
CELL_PCH, CELL_FACH and CELL_DCH).
The UE shall initiate the cell update procedure in the following cases:
z Cell reselection
z Re-entering service area
z Periodical cell update
z Radio link failure
z Paging response
z Uplink data transmission
z RLC unrecoverable error
Figure 6-1 illustrates a basic cell update procedure.
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UE UTRAN
1.CELL UPDATE
UE NodeB RNC
1.CELL UPDATE
RRC RRC
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The CELL UPDATE CONFIRM message contains the C-RNTI and U-RNTI the
network allocates to the UE. After invoking the new parameters, the UE sends a
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE message to the RNC. The
cell update procedure ends.
For the UE in URA_PCH state, the URA update procedure is actually a procedure the
UE initiates to update the URA information at the network side when an RRC
connection exists and the position of the UE is known on URA level in the UTRAN.
The UE shall initiate the URA update procedure in the following cases:
z URA reselection
z Periodic URA update
Figure 6-3 illustrates the basic URA update procedure.
UE UTRAN
URA UPDATE
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UE NodeB RNC
1.URA UPDATE
RRC RRC
The URA UPDATE CONFIRM message contains RRC Transaction Identity and RRC
State Indicator, and may contain the CN information elements, integrity protection
mode info, ciphering mode info, new C-RNTI and U-RNTI. After invoking the new
parameters, the UE sends a PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
COMPLETE message to the RNC. The URA update procedure ends.
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
U-RNTI MP –
START list MP –
>START MP –
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Failure cause OP –
RB timer indicator MP –
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II. Example
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
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UE information elements –
U-RNTI MP –
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II. Example
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This section describes the soft handover procedure (radio link addition) implemented
by the NodeB under DRNC, as illustrated in Figure 6-5.
Decision to setup
new RL
Start RX
description
Start TX
description
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REQUEST to the DRNC, requesting for radio resources. If this is the first radio
link between the DRNC and the UE, a signaling connection shall also be
established on the Iur interface for bearing the RNSAP signaling associated with
the UE.
2) After confirming that the resources requested by the SRNC are available, the
DRNC sends a NBAP message RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST to the target
NodeB. The NodeB starts uplink receiving.
3) After successfully allocating the resources requested by the SRNC, the NodeB
sends a NBAP message RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE to the DRNC,
reporting the allocation result.
4) The DRNC initiates an Iub interface transport bearer setup procedure using
ALCAP.
5) The DRNC sends a RNSAP message RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE to the
SRNC.
6) The SRNC initiates an Iur interface transport bearer setup procedure using
ALCAP.
7) The SRNC transmits the ACTIVE SET UPDATE (Radio Link Addition) message
to the UE on the DCCH. The message shall contain the information about the
radio link to be added.
8) The UE adds the corresponding radio link information to the active set and
returns an RRC message ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE message to the
SRNC. The soft handover procedure (radio link addition) ends.
This section describes the soft handover procedure (radio link deletion) implemented
by the NodeB under control of DRNC, as illustrated in Figure 6-6.
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Decision to delete
old RL
1. ACTIVE SET UPDATE
RRC RRC
RADIO LINK DELETION
2. ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE
RRC RRC
Stop RX and TX
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8) The SRNC initiates an Iur interface data transport bearer release procedure using
ALCAP. The soft handover procedure (radio link deletion) ends.
The soft handover procedure (radio link addition and deletion) is implemented when
the number of radio links of the UE reaches the maximum number of macro–diversity
tributaries allowed. This section describes the soft handover procedure (radio link
addition and deletion) implemented by the NodeB under DRNC, as illustrated in Figure
6-7.
Decision to setup
new RL and
release old RL
Start RX
description
3. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
NBAP NBAP
RNSAP RNSAP
Stop RX and TX
Figure 6-7 Soft handover procedure (radio link addition and deletion)
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7) The SRNC transmits the RRC message ACTIVE SET UPDATE (Radio Link Addition
& Deletion) message to the UE on the DCCH. The message shall contain the
information about the radio links to be added & deleted.
8) After successfully adding & deleting the corresponding radio links, the UE sends an
RRC message ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE to the NodeB.
9) –11) These steps are similar to the steps 3)–7) in the "soft handover procedure
(radio link deletion)" (see Figure 6-6). The difference is that the radio link is deleted
from the NodeB under control of SRNC in this case. Therefore, no radio link deletion
through Iur interface is implemented.
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
Activation time MD –
New U-RNTI OP –
CN information elements –
CN Information info OP –
RB information elements –
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TX Diversity Mode MD –
SSDT information OP –
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II. Example
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The UE may directly implement hard handover without performing measurements for
the target cell, as is not allowed in the soft handover procedure. Such hard handover
has great possibility of failure, and therefore shall be applied in only emergency
circumstances. In more cases of hard handover, the UE shall perform measurements
for the target cell. The UE is generally configured with one decoder and cannot
simultaneously decode the signals at two frequencies. In order that the UE can
perform inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements, the compressed mode is
introduced to the WCDMA system. Figure 6-8 illustrates the principle of compressed
mode.
One frame
(10 ms) Idle period available for
inter-frequency measurements
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Figure 6-9 illustrates the hard handover signaling procedure which the UE in
CELL_DCH state implements on the Iur interface.
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1. RADIO LINK
SETUP REQUEST
RNSAP RNSAP
2. RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
NBAP NBAP
RNSAP RNSAP
RRC RRC
RNSAP RNSAP
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6) The SRNC initiates an Iur interface data transport bearer setup procedure using
ALCAP.
7) The SRNC sends a PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message to the
UE on the Uu interface.
8) The UE clears the previous radio links and access the network on the new radio
links. The NodeB detects the radio link failure and sends a RADIO LINK FALURE
INDICATION message to the CRNC on the Iub interface.
9) The source RNC sends a RADIO LINK FAILURE INDICATION message to the
SRNC on the Iur interface.
10) After setting up a radio connection to the target RNC and allocating the necessary
radio resources, the UE sends a PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
COMPLETE message to the SRNC on the Uu interface.
11) The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message to the source
RNC on the Iur interface.
12) The source RNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message to the
source NodeB on the Iub interface.
13) After successfully releasing the radio resources, the source NodeB returns a
RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message.
14) The source RNC initiates an Iub interface data transport bearer release
procedure using ALCAP.
15) After successful release, the source RNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION
RESPONSE message to the SRNC.
16) The SRNC initiates an Iur interface data transport bearer release procedure using
ALCAP. The hard handover procedure implemented on the Iur interface ends.
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1. RELOCATION REQUIRED
RANAP RANAP
2. RELOCATION REQUIRED
RANAP RANAP
3. RELOCATION REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
4. RELOCATION
REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
5. ALCAP Iu Data
Transport Bearer Setup
9. RELOCATION REQUEST
ACKNOWLEDGE
RANAP RANAP
15. RELOCATION
RANAP DETECT RANAP
19. RELOCATION
RANAP COMPLETE RANAP
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I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE Information Elements –
Activation time MD –
New U-RNTI OP –
New C-RNTI OP –
CN Information Elements –
CN Information info OP –
URA identity OP –
RB information elements –
Frequency info MD –
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>CPCH set ID –
CHOICE mode MP –
>FDD –
>TDD –
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II. Example
The inter-RAT handover procedure is a handover between the WCDMA system and
the GSM/GPRS system and can be divided into:
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Note:
This manual only introduces the signaling procedures of UTRAN. The signaling procedures of CN and
GSM/BSS are not included.
This section describes equipment in the format of ABC/abc to distinguish equipment that may exist in
UMTS, GSM and GPRS systems. For example, GSM/MSC denotes the MSC in GSM.
Note:
The signaling procedures between the UMTS/CN and the GSM/MSC and between the GSM/MSC and
the GSM/BSC are outside the scope of this manual and are only schematically mentioned here.
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1. RELOCATION REQUIRED
RANAP RANAP
2. PREPARE HANDOVER
MAP/E MAP/E
3. HANDOVER REQUEST
BSSMAP BSSMAP
4. HANDOVER REQUEST
ACK
BSSMAP BSSMAP
5. PREPARE HANDOVER
RESPONSE
MAP/E MAP/E
6. RELOCATION COMMAND
RANAP RANAP
RRC RRC
[Hard Handover]
8. HANDOVER
BSSMAP DETECT BSSMAP
9. HANDOVER COMPLETE
RR RR
BSSMAP BSSMAP
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
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Note:
The signaling procedures between the CN and the GSM/MSC and between the GSM/MSC and the
GSM/BSC are outside the scope of this manual and are only schematically mentioned here.
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1. HANDOVER REQUIRED
BSSMAP BSSMAP
2. PREPARE HANDOVER
MAP/E MAP/E
3. RELOCATION REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
4. RELOCATION REQUEST
RANAP ACK
RANAP
5. PREPARE HANDOVER
RESPONSE
MAP/E MAP/E
6. HANDOVER COMMAND
BSSMAP BSSMAP
7. HANDOVER COMMAND
RR RR
8. RELOCATION DETECT
RANAP RANAP
9. DCCH: HANDOVER
: TO UTRAN COMPLETE
RRC
RRC
BSSMAP BSSMAP
BSSMAP BSSMAP
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I. Overview
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1) The UE camps on a WCDMA cell and obtains the information about adjacent
GSM/GPRS cells and cell reselection parameters from the system information
broadcast in the cell. Depending on the information and parameters, the UE
determines whether to perform cell reselection to the GSM/GPRS cell.
2) The UE selects a GSM/GPRS cell, reads the system information and initiates a
registration procedure.
This procedure is the same as the registration procedure in GSM/GPRS and is not
included in this section.
Serving
UE CN
RNC
1. Cell Reselection
triggered
2. IU RELEASE COMMAND
RANAP RANAP
3. IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RANAP RANAP
1) The UE selects a GPRS cell, reads the system information of the cell and initiates
a UE-GPRS signaling connection setup procedure.
2) After necessary CN-GPRS preparation (e.g., UE context information retrieval),
the CN sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNC to initiate an Iu
connection release procedure.
3) After successful release, the SRNC returns an IU RELEASE COMPLETE
message to the CN. The WCDMA->GPRS cell reselection procedure initiated by
the UE ends.
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Note:
The UMTS->GPRS cell reselection procedure can be initiated by the network only when the RNC can
generate GSM messages.
Serving
UE CN
RNC
RRC RRC
2. IU RELEASE COMMAND
RANAP RANAP
3. IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RANAP RANAP
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I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE information elements –
Activation time MD –
RB information elements –
>RAB info MP –
>GSM –
>>Frequency band MP –
>>GSM message –
>cdma2000 –
>>cdma2000MessageList MP –
>>>MSG_TYPE(s) MP –
>>>cdma2000Messagepayload(s) MP –
II. Example
None
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I. Message Structure
New U-RNTI MP –
Ciphering algorithm OP –
>Complete specification –
RB information elements –
>>CHOICE mode MP –
>>>FDD –
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>>>TDD –
>Preconfiguration –
>>>Predefined configuration MP –
>>>Default configuration –
>>RAB info OP –
>>CHOICE mode MP –
>>>FDD –
>>>TDD –
Frequency info MP –
II. Example
None
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6.6 Relocation
6.6.1 Overview
The RNC relocation procedure is a procedure in which the SRNC of the UE changes
from one RNC to another.
According to whether the connection between UE and DRNC is set up during the
relocation procedure, the procedure is divided into two kinds i.e., UE NOT INVOLVED
relocation and UE INVOLVED relocation.
According to the triggering cause, the relocation procedure can also be divided into
the following four kinds:
z Static relocation: A relocation procedure occurring after a radio link is added to
the DRNC. The UE has set up a radio link in the DRNC and established a
connection to the DRNC before the static relocation procedure; therefore, this
relocation is a kind of UE NOT INVOLVED relocation.
z Relocation with hard handover: A relocation procedure occurring with inter-RNC
hard handover. The UE removes the connection with the SRNC and establishes a
connection to the DRNC during the relocation with hard handover; therefore, this
relocation is a kind of UE INVOLVED relocation.
z Relocation with forward handover: A relocation procedure occurring when the UE
with RRC connection to the SRNC enters into a DRNC cell and initiates a forward
handover (cell update or URA update) procedure. The UE has entered into the
DRNC and sent a CELL UPDATE or URA UPDATE message before the
relocation with forward handover; therefore, this relocation is a kind of UE NOT
INVOLVED relocation.
z Inter-RAT handover: The UE removes the connection with the SRNC and
establishes a connection to the GSM system during the inter-RAT handover
procedure; therefore, inter-RAT handover is a kind of UE INVOLVED relocation.
This section describes the former three kinds of relocation procedures. Refer to 6.5
Inter-RAT Handover for the details about the inter-RAT handover procedure.
When the UE has a radio link connection only to the DRNC, the Iur interface transport
resources between the SRNC and the DRNC shall be occupied. The static relocation
procedure is implemented in this case. Through the relocation procedure, the Iur
interface connection and the Iu interface connection between the SRNC and the CN
are released and an Iu interface connection is set up between the DRNC and the CN.
After relocation, the original DRNC becomes the SRNC, as illustrated in Static
relocation.
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CN CN
UE UE
Note:
If the UE has connections to two CN domains in the WCDMA system before the relocation procedure,
the two CN domains must be relocated together.
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MSC SGSN
UE SRNC DRNC
1. RELOCATION REQUIRED
RANAP RANAP
2. RELOCATION REQUIRED
RANAP RANAP
3. RELOCATION REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
4. RELOCATION REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
5.ALCAP SETUP
19.ALCAP release
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Note:
When two Iu connections are handed over, the relocation messages for the CS and PS domains are not
transmitted in the precedence order. Take the RELOCATION REQUIRED message for example. The
SRNC may either first send the RELOCATION REQUIRED message to the MSC or first send the
RELOCATION REQUIRED message to the SGSN. The same applies below.
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The relocation procedure with hard handover is a procedure in which the UE performs
hard handover to the target RNC and the Iu interface connection changes. Figure 6-17
illustrates the relocation signaling procedure with hard handover.
UE MSC SGSN
SRNC TRNC
1. RELOCATION REQUIRED
RANAP RANAP
2. RELOCATION REQUIRED
RANAP RANAP
3. RELOCATION REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
4. RELOCATION REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
5.ALCAP setup
18.ALCAP release
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18) The original SRNC initiates an Iu interface (including Iu-CS interface and Iu-PS
interface) user plane bearer release procedure using ALCAP.
19) The original SRNC returns an IU RELEASE COMPLETE message to the SGSN,
indicating that the IU release completes.
20) The original SRNC returns an IU RELEASE COMPLETE message to the MSC,
indicating that the IU release completes.
Relocation may occur when the UE performs forward handover between different
RNCs. Such relocation is called relocation with forward handover. This section
describes the relocation signaling procedure with forward handover, as illustrated in
Figure 6-18, with relocation with cell update as an example.
SGSN
UE SRNC DRNC
1.CELL UPDATE
RRC RRC
3. RELOCATION REQUIRED
RANAP RANAP
4. RELOCATION REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
6. RELOCATION COMMAND
RANAP RANAP
7.RELOCATION COMMIT
RNSAP RNSAP
8.RELOCATION DETECT
RANAP RANAP
9.CELL UPDATE CONFIRM
RRC RRC
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I. Message Structure
Message Type M –
Relocation Type M –
Cause M –
Source ID M –
Target ID M –
MS Classmark 2 C – ifGSMtarget –
MS Classmark 3 C – ifGSMtarget –
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II. Example
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I. Message Structure
Message Type M –
Cause M –
CN Domain Indicator M –
>>RAB ID M –
>>RAB Parameters M –
>>Service Handover O –
Encryption Information O –
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II. Example
I. Messaage Structure
Message Type M –
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L3 Information C- –
ifRecdFromRelocTarget
>>RAB ID M –
>>RAB ID M –
Criticality Diagnostics O –
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II. Example
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I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE Information Elements –
New U-RNTI OP –
New C-RNTI OP –
CN Information Elements –
CN Information info OP –
URA identity OP –
RB Information elements –
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II. Example
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I. Message Structure
Message Type M
Transaction ID M
UC-Id M
SAI M
Cell GAI O
C-RNTI M
S-RNTI M
D-RNTI O
Propagation Delay M
L3 Information M
CN PS Domain Identifier O
CN CS Domain Identifier O
URA Information O
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II. Example
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HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Dynamic Resource Control Procedure Analysis
7.1 Overview
Dynamic resource control is the process to control the radio resources through such
means as the channel reconfiguration, radio bear reconfiguration (RB reconfiguration)
and so on. In this way, it can achieve reasonable distribution and efficient utilization of
the resources.
In this chapter, we will describe the dynamic resource control process through
examples, including:
z RAB modification
z Dynamic channel reconfiguration
When the service parameters change, the RAB modification procedure shall be
initiated by the CN to reconfigure the RAB as adapted to the QoS change. This
procedure is initiated by the CN and implemented by UTRAN.
Corresponding to the RAB setup and release procedures, the RAB modification
procedure can be classified into the following four kinds according to the RRC
connection status before and after the RAB modification:
z DCH-DCH: The RRC connection is in CELL_DCH state before the RAB
modification and also in CELL_DCH state after the RAB modification.
z CCH-CCH: The RRC connection is in CELL_FACH state before the RAB
modification and also in CELL_FACH state after the RAB modification.
z CCH-DCH: The RRC connection is in CELL_FACH state before the RAB
modification and in CELL_DCH state after the RAB modification.
z DCH-CCH: The RRC connection is in CELL_DCH state before the RAB
modification and in CELL_FACH state after the RAB modification.
This section describes only the DCH-DCH RAB modification procedure. Other kinds of
procedures may be known on the analogy of this procedure.
Similar to the RAB setup procedure, the DCH-DCH RAB modification procedure can
also be further classified into the following two kinds:
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NodeB Serving
UE RNC CN
Serving RNS
1. RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
[Modify]
2. Select L1, L2 andIu Data
Transport Bearer parameters
e.g. for Radio Bearer
reconfiguration.)
Actualizing Radio Bearer modification (e.g. Apply new transport format set)
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6) After the Iu interface transport control plane is successfully modified and the
NodeB successfully modifies the radio link, the SRNC sends a RADIO BEARER
RECONFIGURATION message to the UE on the DCCH. The message shall
contain the RAB information, RAB ID, etc.
7) The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION COMMIT message to the
NodeB. The message shall contain the CFN information element. When the next
CFN indicated by the information element is received, the NodeB shall use the
prepared new configuration.
8) The UE returns a RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE message to the SRNC.
9) The SRNC sends a RANAP message RADIO BEARER ASSIGNMENT
RESPONSE to the CN, confirming that the RAB modification procedure succeeds.
The RAB modification procedure ends.
I. Message Structure
Message Type MP –
UE Information elements –
Activation time MD –
New U-RNTI OP –
New C-RNTI OP –
CN information elements –
CN Information info OP –
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URA identity OP –
RB information elements –
CHOICE mode OP –
>FDD –
>>CPCH set ID OP –
>TDD –
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Frequency info MD –
CHOICE mode MP –
>FDD –
>TDD –
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II. Example
When the UE initiates a service request, the RNC shall allocate appropriate service
bandwidth as per the requested QoS. The RNC keeps monitoring the traffic
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measurement, downlink code transmit power, etc. during the service process. When
the rate of service origin or quality of air interface changes, the RNC adjusts the
channel bandwidth to satisfy the new requirement of the service origin. This procedure
is called dynamic channel reconfiguration.
The RNC informs the UE of the new radio link parameters through the procedure of
radio bearer reconfiguration.
7.3.2 RB Reconfiguration
The radio bearer reconfiguration procedure is used to reconfigure a radio bearer. This
section describes the dynamic channel reconfiguration procedure, as illustrated in
Figure 7-2, with radio bearer reconfiguration as an example. The RRC connection of
the UE is in CELL_FACH state before the radio bearer reconfiguration and in
CELL_DCH state after the radio bearer reconfiguration.
UE NodeB CRNC
1. RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
NBAP NBAP
2. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
NBAP NBAP
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6) After detecting the uplink synchronization of the new radio link, the NodeB sends
a RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION message to the CRNC. The message
shall contain the information about the radio link detected as synchronized. The
radio bearer reconfiguration procedure ends.
7-8
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix A Tracing Tools
A-1
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix B Call Example
B.1 Overview
In the chapter, we will introduce a typical call process in UTRAN through an example
of originating calling procedure and an example of terminated call procedure.
B-1
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix B Call Example
NodeB SRNC CN
UE
SRNS
CCCH : RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
RRC RRC
RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
NBAP NBAP
Start RX
Start TX
RRC DCCH:UPLINK
: DIRECT TRANSFER RRC
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Setup)
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Call Proceeding)
DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
DCCH:
RRC RRC
DCCH:UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
RRC RRC
RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
RANAP RANAP
(Establishment)
B-2
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix B Call Example
UE NodeB SRNC CN
SRNS
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Alerting)
DCCH:DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
RRC RRC
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Connect)
DCCH:DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
RRC RRC
DCCH: UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER RRC
RRC
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Connect Acknowledge)
DCCH: UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
RRC RRC
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP RANAP
(Disconnect)
RANAP DIRECT TRANSFER RANAP
RRC DCCH: DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER ( Release)
RRC
RRC DCCH: UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
RRC
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP (Release Complete) RANAP
IU RELEASE COMMANDE
RANAP RANAP
IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RANAP RANAP
DCCH : RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
RRC RRC
B-3
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix B Call Example
B-4
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix B Call Example
NodeB SRNC
UE SRNS CN
PAGING
RANAP RANAP
PAGING TYPE 1
RRC RRC
Start RX
RADIO LINK
NBAP SETUP RESPONSE
NBAP
Start TX
CCCH : RRC CONNECTION SETUP
RRC RRC
DCCH : RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
RRC RRC
RRC
RRC : DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER
DCCH:
RRC
DCCH : UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER RRC
RRC
DIRECT TRANSFER
RANAP (Call Confirm) RANAP
B-5
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix B Call Example
NodeB
UE SRNS SRNC CN
IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RANAP RANAP
B-6
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix C Acronyms and Abbreviations
CC Call Control
C-1
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix C Acronyms and Abbreviations
CN Core Network
CS Circuit-Switched
C-2
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix C Acronyms and Abbreviations
IE Information Element
IP Internet Protocol
IU Iu Interface
MM Mobility Management
MS Mobile Station
C-3
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix C Acronyms and Abbreviations
PS Packet Switched
RB Radio Bearer
C-4
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix C Acronyms and Abbreviations
SI Service Indicator
C-5
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Appendix C Acronyms and Abbreviations
TB Transport Block
UE User Equipment
UP User Plane
UU Uu Interface
V–W
VP Video Phone
C-6
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Index
Index
A D
active set update message, 6-13 DCH-DCH, 5-27
ALCAP, 2-26 direct transfer message, 5-18
audit response message, 3-12 disconnection of signaling link, 2-20
DL timing adjustment, 1-13
B DL transport channel synchronization, 1-12
blocking of AAL2 path, 2-28 downlink data transfer, 1-15
BMC, 1-6 downlink direct transfer, 5-20
downlink direct transfer message, 5-23
C downlink timing adjustment, 1-18
call example, B-1 downlink transport channel sychronization, 1-17
call release, 5-43 dynamic channel reconfiguration, 7-6
call setup and release procedure analysis, 5-1 dynamic resource control procedure analysis, 7-1
CCH-CCH, 5-32
CCH-DCH, 5-30 E
cell deletion procedure, 3-7 error event, 1-32
cell reconfiguration procedure, 3-6 establish request message, 2-30
cell related procedure analysis, 3-1 establishment of AAL2 connection, 2-27
cell setup procedure, 3-3 example of cell setup procedure, 3-28
cell setup request message, 3-16
cell update, 6-1 F
cell update message, 6-4 FACH data transfer, 1-11
changback, 2-19 forward handover, 6-1
changeover, 2-19 frame quality classification, 1-33
class 1 elementary procedure, 1-20, 1-27 function of Iu UP, 1-28
class 2 elementary procedure, 1-21, 1-27 function of NBAP, 1-8
class 3 elementary procedure, 1-28 function of RANAP, 1-25
combined hard handover, 6-19 function of RNSAP, 1-19
combined release, 5-47 function of SABP, 1-33
common measurement initiation procedure, 3-5 function of system information, 4-2
common transport Channel setup procedure, 3-4
common transport channel setup request, 3-20 G
compressed mode, 6-16
GSM/GPRS->WCDMA cell reselection, 6-29
connection request message, 2-34
GSM->WCDMA inter-RAT handover, 6-27
CPCS, 2-8
GTP-U, 1-33
CS domain service release, 5-43
i-1
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Index
i-2
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Index
i-3
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Index
i-4
Protocols and Signalling Analysis
HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network Index
i.
i-5