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Line: An element of art that is used to define

shape, contours, and outlines, also to
suggest mass and volume. It may be a
continuous mark made on a surface with a
pointed tool or implied by the edges of
By: Zaiba Mustafa shapes and forms.
Characteristics of Line are:
 Width- thick, thin, tapering, uneven
 Length - long, short, continuous, broken
 Direction- horizontal, vertical, diagonal,
curving, perpendicular, oblique, parallel,
radial, zigzag
 Focus- sharp, blurry, fuzzy, choppy
 Feeling- sharp, jagged, graceful, smooth
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Types of Line:  Sketch Lines- Lines that captures

the appearance of an object or
 Outlines- Lines made by impression of a place.
the edge of an object or  Calligraphic Lines- Greek word
its silhouette. meaning “beautiful writing.” Precise,
 Contour Lines- Lines that elegant handwriting or lettering
describe the shape of an done by hand. Also artwork that has
object and the interior flowing lines like an elegant
detail. handwriting.
 Expressive Lines- Line  Implied Line- Lines that are not
that are energetic and actually drawn but created by a
catches the movement group of objects seen from a
and gestures of an active distance.
figure.

Categories of Shapes: Categories of Shapes:

 Geometric Shapes-Circles, Squares,  Negative Shapes-In a drawing
rectangles and triangles. We see
them in architecture and it is the space around the
manufactured items. positive shape or the shape
around the bowl of fruit. In
 Organic Shapes-Leaf, seashells, sculpture it is the empty shape
flowers. We see them in nature and
with characteristics that are free around and between the
flowing, informal and irregular. sculptures.
 Positive Shapes-In a drawing or  Static Shape-Shapes that
painting positive shapes are the solid appears stable and resting.
forms in a design such as a bowl of
fruit. In a sculpture it is the solid form  Dynamic Shape-Shapes that
of the sculpture. appears moving and active.

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Categories of Color  Analogous colors - The Analogous

Primary analog colors are those
Color Wheels a tool used to organize colors which lie on either
color. It is made up of:
side of any given color.
 Primary Colors-Red, Yellow, Blue
these color cannot be mixed, they Red
Secondary  Complementary Colors- Orange Complementary
must be bought in some form. are colors that are
opposite each other on
 Secondary Colors-Orange, Violet, the color wheel. When
Green, these colors are created by Orange Yellow Blue

mixing two primaries. Yellow

Tertiary placed next to each other
they look bright and when
Red

Violet
 Tertiary / Intermediate Colors- Red Yellow Blue mixed together they Green Pink
Red Orange, Yellow Green, Blue
Violet, etc.; mixing a primary with Blue Green
Orange Green Violet neutralize each other. Cherry
a secondary creates these colors.

 Monochromatic is where one Primary

color is used but in different Monochromatic Tertiary Tertiary

values and intensity.

 Warm colors are on one side
of the color wheel and they Secondary Secondary

give the felling of warmth for Dark

Warm colors
example red, orange and Brown

yellow are the color of fire and Color

feel warm. Tertiary
Wheel
Tertiary

 Cool colors are on the other Brown

Red
Cool colors
side of the color wheel and
they give the feeling of Orange
coolness for example blue, Blue Green Violet
Primary Primary

violet, are the color of water, Light

Yellow
and green are the color of cool Brown
grass. Tertiary Tertiary

Secondary

Categories of Space Types of Perspective

 Perspective in the graphic arts, such as drawing,
 Positive space-Like in positive is an approximate representation, on a flat
shape it is the actual sculpture or surface (such as paper), of an image as it is
perceived by the eye.
building.
 Negative space-Also like negative  Nonlinear Perspective is the method
of showing depth that incorporates
shape it is the space around the the following techniques.
sculpture or building.
 Picture Plane is the flat surface of ▪ Position-Placing an object higher
your drawing paper or canvas. on the page makes it appear
 Composition is the organization farther back then objects placed
and placement of the elements on lower on the page.
your picture plane. ▪ Overlapping-When an object
 Focal Point is the object or area overlaps another object it appears
you want the viewer to look at first. closer to the viewer, and the object
behind the object appears farther
away.

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Types of Perspective
 Nonlinear Perspective:
▪ Size Variation-Smaller objects
look farther away in the distance.
Larger objects look closer.
▪ Color-Bright colors look like they
are closer to you and neutral
colors look like they are farther
away.
▪ Value-Lighter values look like
they are farther back and darker
value look like they are closer.
Categories of Texture
 Real Texture is the actual
texture of an object. Artist
may create real texture in
art to give it visual interest
or evoke a feeling.
 Implied Texture is where a
piece of art is made to look
like a certain texture. Like
a drawing of a tree trunk
may look rough but in fact
it is just a smooth piece of
paper
Categories of Values
 Low-Key is where the
picture is all dark values.
 Value Contrast is where
light values are placed
next to dark values to
create contrast or strong
differences.
 Value Scale is a scale
that shows the gradual
change in value from its
lightest value, white to
its darkest value black.
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 Linear Perspective is the method of
using lines to show the illusion of depth
in a picture. The following are types of
linear perspective.
 One-point perspective-When lines
created by the sides of tables or
building look like that are pointing to
the distance and they all meet at one
point on the horizon this is one-point
perspective. To see an example stand in
the middle of the hallway and look at
the horizontal lines in the brick or the
corner where the ceiling meets the
wall. See how they move to one point
on the horizon.
 Two-point perspective-Here the lines
look like they are meeting at two points
on the horizon line.
Categories of Values
 Tint is adding white to
color paint to create
lighter values such as
light blue or pink.
 Shade is adding black to
paint to create dark
values such as dark blue
or dark red.
 High-Key is where the
picture is all light values.
Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. Shading a
circle in a certain manner can turn it into a sphere.
Form Form
Types Types
Square Triangle
Cube Cone
Rectangle Circle
Cylinder Sphere
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 Balance means keeping your design like a pattern. A balanced  Unity means keeping your design in a sort of harmony in
pattern would be if you had a border on your pattern in black.
Unbalanced would be if approximately one-third of the border was which all sections of the pattern make other sections feel
orange and the other two-thirds in pink. To keep your design complete. Unity helps the design to be seen as one design
balanced, make your measurements as accurate as possible. instead of randomness all around your design.
Keeping your design symmetric is a good technique for good
balance.

 Harmony is similar to Unity. Harmony brings together a  Pattern is simply keeping your design in a certain format.
composition with similar units. If your composition was For example, you could plan to have curved lines all around
using wavy lines and organic shapes you would stay with your design as a pattern, but then you must continue those
those types of lines and not put in just one geometric shape. curved lines throughout the design for good patterns.

 Contrast means showing differences in two different sections of the  Emphasis is given to an area within the design because that area is
design or showing somehow that the design being created is very meant to be seen or is more important to be noticed when compared to
different from other designs because of its contrast. Contrast can also be other places of the design. For example, the calligraphy in the image
used to show emphasis in any part of the design. below would be a part on the design that is emphasized.

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 Movement is the suggestion or illusion of motion in a  Rhythm is the movement or variation characterized by the
painting, sculpture, or design. For example, circles going regular recurrence or alternation of different quantities or
diagonally up and down from right to left could show that conditions. In simpler words, it's just like pattern and shows
the design moves up and to the right or down and to the left. that the design has a 'beat' or 'flow' going with it.

 Variety refers to the differences in the work, You can  Abstract & Art does not reflect any form of conventional
achieve variety by using difference shapes, textures, colors reality, all you see are lines, shapes, colors, & patterns.
and values in your work.  Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of
 Proportion or scale refers to the relationships of the size of imagery in art.
objects in a body of work. Proportions gives a sense of size
seen as a relationship of objects. such as smallness or
largeness.
 Abstract & Surreal are varieties of Art.

 Surreal in general means bizarre (marked by the intense

irrational reality of a dream) or dreamlike (unbelievable).

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