LINE GRAPHS, PIE CHARTS, TABLES

The graph compares the rate of smoking in men and women in Someland between the years 1960
and 2000. It can be clearly seen that the rate of smoking for both men and women is currently
declining and that fewer women have smoked throughout the period.

In 1960, 600 men in every 1,000 was smoking. This number decreased gradually to 500 by 1974
and continued to decrease but more steeply to 250 in 2000. In contrast, the rate of smoking in
women in 1960 was very low at only 80 in every 1,000. By 1968 this increased to 170, and
increased again but more steeply to 320 in 1977. The rate of female smokers then remained stable
at 320 until 1984 at which point the figures began to decline and had dropped to 200 by 2000.

In conclusion we can see that the rate of smoking in men dropped throughout the whole period
but was always at a higher level than the female figures. The rate of smoking in women increased
until 1977 but then decreased for the rest of the period.
The first graph shows the trend in world population growth between 1800 and 2100, while the
second graph gives predicted urban population figures for the next 25 years.

The world population has experienced continuous growth since 1800. Between 1800 and 1950, the
population grew slowly from just under 1 billion to 2.5 billion people. After that, the growth rate
increased and currently the figure is around 6.5 billion. Projections show a continued increase in
population in the near future, but a steady decline in the population growth rate. The global
population is expected to peak at 8.2 billion by 2050, and then decline to around 6.2 billion by
2100.

The predictions also show that almost all urban population growth in the next 25 years will occur
in cities of developing countries. In developed regions, on the other hand, the urban population is
expected to remain unchanged at about 1.3 billion people over the next two decades.
The graphs show that the global population increase will not occur evenly throughout the world,
but will be greater in some areas than others.
The pie charts show the proportion of money spent on various household expenses
in Malaysia and Japan in 2010.We can see that in Malaysia the greatest proportion
of expenditure (34%) was on housing, while in Japan housing accounted for just
21% of the total. In contrast, in Japan the greatest single expense was other goods
and services at 29%, compared with 26% in Malaysia. Food came in second place
in Japan, at 24%, while in Malaysia the actual proportion was higher (27%). In
Japan another major expense was transport, at 20%, but this was much lower In
Malaysia (10%). In both countries the smallest percentage of expenditure was on
health care.
Overall, the data indicates that in both cases food, housing and other goods and
services were the main expenses, but that in Japan, transport and other goods and
services took up a higher proportion of total expenditure than in Malaysia.
1) The graph shows the percentages of boys and girls who were successful in their high
school competency exams in the period from 2010 to 2011, by subject.Overall, students of
both sexes did/performed best in Computer Science, Mathematics, and Foreign
Languages, including French, German and Spanish. Results for boys and girls were
roughly comparable/equivalent/equal/the same in Computer Science and Mathematics. In
other subjects, however, there were some significant differences..Girls achieved by far
their best results in Computer Science, with a pass rate of 56.3%, which was
considerably/much/around 14% higher than the boys. The difference was even
greater/more marked in Chemistry, where over/more than 16% more girls passed. The
(only/one/single) subject where boys’ results were better than girls was Geography where
they achieved a pass rate of 30.4%, which was 10% higher than that/the figure/the
percentage/the pass rate/the result for girls.In general, we can (say/see)/the statistics show
that during the period in question girls performed better in most subjects in the
competency exams than boys.
I

The graph gives information about Burnaby Public Library between 2011 and
2014. It shows how many library books people read over this four-year period.
As can be seen from the graph, there were different trends for men and women. The number of
books read by men increased steadily between 2011 and 2012, from about 3000 to 4000. After
that, the number rose dramatically to 14000 books in 2014. This was the highest figure in the
period.
Women started off reading more books than men, but their numbers followed a different pattern.
Between 2011 and 2012, there was an increase of 3000 from 5000 books to 8000 books, and then a
gradual rise to 10000 books in 2013. However, in 2014, their numbers fell back to 8000 again.
Overall, there was a strong upward trend in the number of books read by men. Although women
read more books than men in 2011, their reading fell to below the level of men in 2014.
The graph shows the changes and a decline overall in the share price of
Outokumpu in a five-year period from January 2006 through December
2010.
At the beginning of this period the share price was at EUR 13 per share.
There were several fluctuations until late 2006 when there was a sudden
increase from EUR 21 to EUR 31. This higher price did not last long,
however, and it fell before rising strongly again in 2008. From mid-2008
there was a sharp downward trend through the end of the year when it
fell to the lowest point in this period at just over EUR 7 per share. After
that the share price recovered and, despite some fluctuations, continued
to rise until it reached a peak of EUR 17 in early 2010. Until late 2010
the trend was downward again, ending the year at just over EUR 12.
Outokumpu made significant gains and losses during this period but
overall lost around EUR 1 per share.
The graph depicts waste recycling rates in the U.S. from 1960 to 2011, in both
percentage and tons.

Between 1960 and 1970, the percentage of garbage being recycled annually
remained relatively steady at just over 6%. It then rose slightly over the next 15
years to 10.1% in 1985.

On the other hand, the amount of garbage being recycled tripled during the same
period, from 5.6 million tons in 1960 to 16.7 million tons in 1985. Following this
sharp increase, the amount of waste material being recycled has risen significantly
between 1985 and 2011 when it peaked at 86.9 million tons.

Similarly, the recycling rate continued to grow sharply from 1985 to 1995, and then
at a slower rate over the next 15 years until it reached a peak of 34.7% in 2011.
However, this figure is still disappointing compared to the total amount of waste
being recycled each year.
Model answer
The total number of all species of turtles in India has been relatively stable over the last two
decades, although there were significant drops in numbers between 1987 and 1989 and again in
1992 and 1996. Since 2004 there has been an improvement in numbers of all species, although the
graph shows a slight decrease in 2010.

In contrast, the population of Leatherback turtles has suffered a severe decline, particularly in
1988 when numbers fell dramatically. The rate of decline in the population appears to have
slowed and it has remained relatively stable since 2009.

There was also a fall in the number of Green turtles of around 30% between 1984 and 2002. The
population increased slightly in 2010 but it had dropped again by 2012.

It is only Olive Ridley turtles that have seen a steady increase in population over this period.
Their numbers dropped slightly in 2007 and again in 2012 but the overall trend has been a
positive one.
Electricity Generation by Source in Germany

Model answer
The charts compare the sources of electricity in New Zealand and Germany in the years 1980 and
2010. Between these years, electricity generation almost doubled, rising from 127 units to 200 in
New Zealand, and from 107 to 214 units in Germany.

In 1980 New Zealand used coal as the main electricity source (56 units) and the remainder was
produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 30 units) and petroleum (which
produced only 11 units). By 2010, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity
produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately
20%.
In contrast, Germany used coal as a source for only 28 units of electricity in 1980, which was
matched by natural gas. The remaining 49 units were produced largely from petroleum and
nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 7 units. But by 2010 nuclear power, which was not
used at all in New Zealand, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of
electricity, at 155 units, while coal and petroleum together produced only 55 units. Other sources
were no longer significant.

Overall, it is clear by 2010 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: New
Zealand relied on coal and Germany on nuclear power.

The graph shows the estimated maximum population of elephants in a range of

Asian countries in both 1997 and 2004.

In most of the countries included in the graph, the population fell. This was most
noticeable in Malaysia and Thailand, where the number of elephants was thought
to be less than half the figure in 1997. In the former, the number of elephants
dropped as low as 1000. India remained the country with by far the largest
elephant population, but experienced a dramatic fall in numbers so that in 2004
there may have been as few as 7500. Despite its size, China had a very small
population of at most 500 elephants by 2004.

Although the trend was downwards overall, elephant populations were thought to
have remained stable in Laos and Vietnam at approximately 1200. The only
country where elephants showed signs of recovering was Cambodia, where
numbers may have risen by up to 200.
The chart shows the annual GDP growth for three countries from 2007 to 2010.

By the year 2007 the figure for Tunisia was by far the highest at close to 6.3% per
annum. This figure is double that of Ecuador and three times that of Japan on a
global level.

However by 2008 this trend has changed considerably; the Japanese doubled their
annual GDP over this period and there was also an increase in the GDP of Ecuador,
while Tunisia fell to 4.5% per year. In 2009 and 2010, the downward trend for
Tunisia continued falling to a low of 3% at the end of this period.

For Ecuador, the GDP fell sharply to just under 1.5% in the year 2009 and rose
only slightly in 2010 to 2.3%. On the other hand, for Japan, the GDP figure rose
significantly throughout this time and by the year 2010 had more than matched the
GDP figures for Tunisia of the year 2007.
The chart shows the percentage of total population aged 65 and over in the U.S. between
1900 and 2000. In the year 1900 just over 4% of the population was aged over 65.
However, by 1960 this figure had doubled.

The number of people aged between 75 and 84 remained fairly steady between 1900 and
1930, making up only 1-1.3% of the population. The figure began to rise more
significantly in 1940 and by 1970 it had tripled to reach 3% of the population.

Although there was no change in the number of people aged 65 -74 between 1960 and
1970, the number of people aged 75 and over increased during this time. By the year
2000, 12.4% of the US population had reached the age of 65 or more, although this was
slightly lower than in 1990 when it peaked at 12.6%.

The chart shows that today people in the U.S. can expect to live longer than in 1900. By
the year 2000 more than 12% of the population had managed to live to the age of 65 and
over compared to only 4.1% in 1900.