VERB CONJUGATION RULES

INTRODUCTION: The real essence of the Japanese language is the verb. There are three groups of verbs.

Group 1 = verbs are those (u) - dropping

Group 2 = are those (ru) - dropping

Group 3 = are those irregular verbs.

BASIC RULES

Conjugation VERBS
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Dictionary Form/ Plain a V shimasu = V- suru

Form (Present) i V - masu + ru
Affirmative u kimasu = kuru
e
o

Plain Form (Present) a V shimasu = V-

Negative i V - masu + nai shinai
(~ will not) u
e kimasu = konai
o

~ te Form i
V – chi tte V shimasu = V- shite
ri
V - masu + te kimasu = kite

ni
V – bi nde
mi

V – ki ite

V – gi ide

Plain Form (Past) i

Affirmative V – chi tta V shimasu = V- shita
~ta form (~had) ri
V - masu + ta kimasu = kita

ni
V – bi nda
mi

V – ki ita

V – gi ida

Plain Form (Past) a V shimasu =

Negative ~nakatta i V - shikatta
form (~had not) u + nakatta V – masu +
e nakatta Kimasu = konakatta
o
Polite Form V masu V masu V shimasu
(Present) kimasu
Affirmative

Polite Form V masen V masen V shimasen

(Present) kimasen
Negative

Polite Form V mashita V mashita V shimashita

(Past) kimashita
Affirmative

Polite Form V masendeshita V masendeshita V shimasendeshita

(Past) kimasendeshita
Affirmative