The main purpose of this thesis was to picture the modern world that Kafka portrays through

has short story , “the Metamorphosis” which is a powerful indictment of the alienation
brought on by the modern social order.

Alienation is one of the major themes in the short story, Kafka unfolds an alienated world
before un which is unchangeable. He exposes the world which is governed by its logic, in a
way that demands conformity ti its norms and any individual who refuses to accept these
norms faces alienation. Such is the fate of Gregor in the story who experiences alienation
before and after his metamorphosis, he becomes totally isolated from his job, family and
humanity. The Metamorphosis is a powerful indication of intense trauma and suffering of an
individual within the large commercial worlds. However, the insect represents the inner
turmoil and dehumanized state that brought upon by modern social orders.

This thesis analyses and reveals the factors that caused Gregor’s alienation and drive him to
his ruin. The Protagonist downfall is due to questioning the mystery of his physical
transformation, he desperately tries to get back to his work so that he can provide for his
family. He prioritizes his family’s well-being than his own as he is a selfless person. Besides
being selfless, he is also a dutiful son and breadwinner; he tries his best to meet his family’s
needs despite his discontentment of his job . Upon discovering Gregor’s metamorphosis, his
family isolates him because of his frightening physical form; they isolate him in his room as
they cannot bear the sight of him. Thus, Gregor experiences alienation that is by his physical
appearance. However, he also experiences a different kind of alienation, one that is actually a
non direct consequence of his characteristics, and it is not the only estrangement from others
but also from his own self. His selflessness and dutifulness come with any awareness that he
is an object of judgment by his family.

He sees himself the way his family sees him, he is convinced that he is the breadwinner of the
family before his metamorphosis and feels worthless and a horrifying creature after his
metamorphosis. Gregor becomes a workaholic who always tries to do what is best for his
family, even if he makes himself miserable in a job that he hates. He always puts others first
as a result his self is absolutely absent, void, and nonexistent, not only in the world of
business but also in the world of family, this eventually leads to his loneliness resulting in him
being psychologically, and even physically abused by his family.

The work also deals with modern man existence and harsh reality which is reflected through
Kafka’s work. It discusses the enslavement of modern man into the forces of materialism and
his failure to be free and escape from the social and economic orders. After his transformation
to a bug, his family and his chief clock treats his metamorphosis with blindness which deeply
hurts Gregor and causes him alienation from family and society.

His family blames him for their financial crisis blocking him into his room. This scene
represents the modern man imprisonment within work being a source of financial production
and security, and how can he is being trapped into his guilt to the moment that he cannot
financially support his family.
This dissertation shows that modern man freedom meaningless is an absurd materialistic
world, full of people blaming others for their failure and things their wills.

The economical and social rules house controlled modern people’s lives, minds and even
decision. Thus governing power of materialism ruled people’s rights and conscious world in a
way that made them too blind to see the reality. They were object of economic process and
ended up to live miserably and suffered a lot to find the “self” which they have lost because of
the selfish world they are living in.

Society and economy rules and regulations should treat man as a social being not to
dehumanize him and transforming him into a horrifying insect. The role and ideology that
society and civilization ca not be changed sometimes but should not be followed blindly there
should be questioned sometimes too.

The fundamental purpose of this study is also to make people aware about the inner
psychological element hidden behind the individual in the norms of society.

Gregor is not the only man who is a victim of society and family blindness, many people also
follow the norms of society blindly without caring about their own needs. People struggle for
what society and others believe, seeking for their self-freedom, trying to find a meaning to the
hopeless world where they are lost, doesn’t even know what they are or what they want as an
individual.

So kafka’s work is a direct criticism to the modern world and tries to warn the world about the
torturous nation in the modern system of society. Before spending their whole life doing
things for the others without nothing in return, sacrificing thus their lives, depriving
themselves from every happy moment in life, killing their desires and wills, waiting for an
emotional sustenance derived from an active involvement with families but unfortunately
dying alone without any explanation. Nobody knows why did they live? And why did they
leave?