TASK 1

DRILLING

task subjects
ENGLISH ENGINEERING 1
Lecturers: Herlina S.pd, M.Pd

Arranged by:

Syukron MAHARESTU (2016310010)

MINING ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM D3

EDUCATION FOUNDATION PRABUMULIH
2019

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 PART I
PRELIMINARY

Background
Petroleum was formed from the remains of plants and animals that died since ancient
times, an estimated 10 to 600 million years ago. After these organisms died, their
bodies were left on the seabed formed basin silt-rich organic mud. After thousands of
years of organic sludge that buried and compressed by layers of sediment on it and
plots of land to turn into a complex compound mixture of hydrogen and carbon. This
complex mixture of compounds that we know as petroleum.
Drilling is one of the stages very important activity in the petroleum industry. Drilling a
hole that connects the manufacture of hydrocarbon reservoir to the surface. In order to
produce hydrocarbons from the reservoir to the surface. Enterprises disposal of the hole
from the surface to the depth of the target quickly, accurately and safely, both in terms
of operational and safety and the environment.
Buildings and equipment used for oil drilling consists of offshore platforms or drilling
rigs. Offshore platform is a structure or building that is built offshore to support the
process of exploration or exploitation of minerals. Usually offshore drilling rig that has a
function to analyze the geological nature of the reservoir as well as to create a hole that
allows retrieval of oil reserves or natural gas from the reservoir.

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Oil drilling
Oil drilling is a technical efforts undertaken by removing hole to earth safely (in
accordance with certain standards) up to the formation rich in oil and gas. This hole is
then coated with a casing (iron pipe with a standard size) and do cementing
(cementing) to put the casing on the wall formation. By connecting the surface layer via
hole formation with the drilling results, the oil deposits in the earth can be commercially
exploited in economic quantities.
1. Understanding Petroleum
Crude oil (English: Petroleum, fromLatin languagepetrus - rock and oleum - oil), also
dubbed as the black gold, is a viscous liquid, dark brown, or greenish flammable, which
is in the upper layers of the few areas incrustearth, Petroleum consists of a complex
mixture of varioushydrocarbons, Most of the seriesalkanesBut varies in appearance,
composition and purity.
2. History of Oil
Petroleum has been used by humans since ancient times, and is still an important
commodity. Petroleum became the primary fuel after the discoverycombustion engine,
The advancecommercial flightAnd the increased use ofPlastic,
More than 4000 years ago, according toHerodotusandDiodorus Siculus,asphalthas
been used as the construction of the wall and towerBabylon; there are many oil pits
nearArdericca(Near Babylon). A large amount of oil found on the edgeIssus river, A
tributary ofthe Euphrates, Tablets ofPersian kingdomAncient show that the need for
medication and lighting for the upper-middle class to use petroleum. In the year 347, the
oil produced from wells dug by bamboo in China.
In the 1850s,Ignacy Lukasiewiczdiscover how the process for distillingkeroseneof
petroleum, thus providing a cheaper alternative than having to usewhale oil, Then,
immediately, the use of petroleum for lighting purposes jumped dramatically in North
America. The first commercial oil well in the world located in the excavatedPolandin
1853. Drilling of oil then developed very rapidly in many parts of the world, particularly

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when the Russian Empire in power. CompanyBranobelbased inazerbaijancontrol of
world oil production at the end of the 19th century.
3. Formation of Oil
Petroleum known as fossil fuels. Petroleum is a fuel derived from fossil fuels?
Microorganisms organisms that live in the ocean. When these organisms die, the
remains of his body will be settled on the ocean floor and covered with mud. The
influence of high pressure and temperature change mud into layers of rock. After
millions of years, anaerobic bacteria will decompose the remains of these organisms
and turning it into oil. Along with the decomposition reaction, natural gas was formed.
Natural gas is the top layer of oil.
Petroleum is trapped between layers of rock on the ocean floor. Petroleum can move
from one region to another and deposited somewhere if hindered by impermeable
layers of liquids and gases (impervious layer). The process of formation of petroleum is
described by two theories, namely:
a. Inorganic theory
Inorganic theory put forward by Berthelok (1866) which states that petroleum comes
and reaction of calcium carbide, CaC2 (and the reaction between the carbonate and
alkali metal) and water produces acetylene which can be turned into oil at high
temperature and pressure.
CaCO3 + Alkali CaC2 + HO → → → HC = CH Petroleum
Organic theory put forward by Engker (1911) which states that petroleum is formed from
the weathering and decomposition process of anaerobic microorganisms
(microorganisms) from marine plants in porous rocks.

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Drilling Process of Oil and Gas

1.Drilling and well construction

This process is referred to as the "oil drilling". In this process using the drilling rig.
Drilling rigs are part of the equipment that was brought to the rig (drilling point), then 5-7
days of drilling rig to drill the size of a soccer ball with a depth of up to several thousand
feet (about 1 km) below the Earth's surface. In this process required special attention
because it can happen blow out (pressure suddenly and leads to the surface). To
compensate for the pressure that is used mud (mud) with specific gravity (density)
certain, which will create hydraulic pressure to withstand the pressure of the soil

PICTURE well construction

2 Well logging

When the hole has been made, some sensitive instrument called a logging tool (tubular
solid containing the sender tool sensor and signal receiver) sends electronic signals that
provide a data record details about the rock and fluid properties in geological
formations. This process is called well logging,

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 WELL DRAWING logging

4 Well Test
This process is the process whereby a layer which is estimated to contain oil and gas
on the fire with explosive. Then the oil will move towards the low pressure area
(surface). This process will be obtained from the data about pressure, temperature,
specific gravity, how the age of the oil field, and how much oil can be produced.

FIGURE WELL TEST

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 1. Well completion
This process is a process of "filtering" of the sand produced from the well testing. This
sand is filtered because it can harm the production pipe (the pipe can be eroded even
rupture). Furthermore, oil and gas will be supplied to the mills.

WELL DRAWING COMPELITION