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Continuous Probability Distributions: A Is A Variable That Can Assume Any Value in An Interval
Continuous Probability Distributions: A Is A Variable That Can Assume Any Value in An Interval
Continuous Probability Distributions: A Is A Variable That Can Assume Any Value in An Interval
f(x)
Total area under the
uniform probability
density function is 1.0
xmin xmax x
The Uniform Distribution
(continued)
1
if a x b
ba
f(x) =
0 otherwise
where
f(x) = value of the density function at any x value
a = minimum value of x
b = maximum value of x
1
f(x) = 6 - 2 = .25 for 2 ≤ x ≤ 6
f(x)
ab 26
μ 4
.25 2 2
(b - a)2 (6 - 2)2
σ2 1.333
2 6 x 12 12
The Normal Probability
Density Function
F(x0 ) P(X x 0 )
f(x)
P(X x 0 )
0 x0 x
Finding Normal Probabilities
(continued)
F(b) P(X b)
a μ b x
F(a) P(X a)
a μ b x
a μ b x
Z ~ N(0 ,1) 1
0 Z
Need to transform X units into Z units by subtracting the
mean of X and dividing by its standard deviation
X μ
Z
σ
Example
X μ 200 100
Z 2.0
σ 50
This says that X = 200 is two standard
deviations (2 increments of 50 units) above
the mean of 100.
Example:
P(Z < 2.00) = 0.5000+0.4772=.9772
.5000 .4772
0 2.00 Z
The Standardized Normal Table
(continued)
.0228
Example:
0 2.00 Z
P(Z < -2.00) = 1 – 0.9772
= 0.0228 .9772
.0228
-2.00 0 Z
X
8.0
8.6
Finding Normal Probabilities
(continued)
Suppose X is normal with mean 8.0 and
standard deviation 5.0. Find P(X < 8.6)
X μ 8.6 8.0
Z 0.12
σ 5.0
μ=8 μ=0
σ = 10 σ=1
8 8.6 X 0 0.12 Z
EXAMPLE 2
The daily water usage per person in
Tetuan, Zamboanga City follows the a normal
distribution with a mean of 20 gallons and a
standard deviation of 5 gallons. About 68
percent of those living in Tetuan will use how
many gallons of water?
r a l i
EXAMPLE 2
t r b u i o n : = 0 ,
0 . 4
0 . 3
P(0 ≤ z<.8)
=.2881
0 . 2
0 ≤ x<.8
f ( x
0 . 1
. 0
- 5
-4 -3 -2 -1 x
0 1 2 3 4
EXAMPLE 2 continued
Example 2 continued
F(t) 1 e λ t
P(0 x a) 1 e λa
where 1/ is the mean time between events
Exponential Distribution
(continued)
= 0.5
(mean = 2.0)