Submitted by: TUPAZ, KATHERINE T.

Submitted to: PROF. JOHN PAUL V. UDAL, MPES

BRIEF HISTORY OF BADMINTON

Taken from: https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton

Badminton, court or lawn game played with lightweight rackets and a shuttlecock.
Historically, the shuttlecock (also known as a “bird” or “birdie”) was a small cork
hemisphere with 16 goose feathers attached and weighing about 0.17 ounce (5 grams).
These types of shuttles may still be used in modern play, but shuttles made from synthetic
materials are also allowed by the Badminton World Federation. The game is named for
Badminton, the country estate of the dukes of Beaufort in Gloucestershire, England, where
it was first played about 1873. The roots of the sport can be traced to ancient Greece, China,
and India, and it is closely related to the old children’s game battledore and shuttlecock.
Badminton is derived directly from poona, which was played by British army officers
stationed in India in the 1860s. The first unofficial all-England badminton championships
for men were held in 1899, and the first badminton tournament for women was arranged
the next year.

The Badminton World Federation (BWF; originally the International Badminton

Federation), the world governing body of the sport, was formed in 1934. Badminton is also
popular in Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, and Denmark. The BWF’s first world championships
were held in 1977. A number of regional, national, and zonal badminton tournaments are
held in several countries. The best-known of these is the All-England Championships. Other
well-known international tournaments include the Thomas Cup (donated 1939) for men’s
team competition and the Uber Cup (donated 1956) for women’s team competition.

Badminton first appeared in the Olympic Games as a demonstration sport in 1972

and as an exhibition sport in 1988. At the 1992 Games it became a full-medal Olympic
sport, with competition for men’s and women’s singles (one against one) and doubles (two
against two). Mixed doubles was introduced at the 1996 Games.

Competitive badminton is usually played indoors because even light winds affect the
course of the shuttlecock. (Recreational badminton, on the other hand, is a popular outdoor
summertime activity.) The rectangular court is 44 feet (13.4 metres) long and 17 feet (5.2
metres) wide for singles, 20 feet (6.1 metres) wide for doubles. A net 5 feet (1.5 metres)
high stretches across the width of the court at its centre. A clear space of 4 feet (1.3 metres)
around the court is needed. Play consists entirely of volleying—hitting the shuttlecock back
and forth across the net without letting it touch the floor or ground within the boundaries
of the court.

In international play, athletes compete in best-of-three-games matches. A game is

played to 21 points, provided that the winner has at least a 2-point advantage. If a 2-point

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Submitted by: TUPAZ, KATHERINE T.
Submitted to: PROF. JOHN PAUL V. UDAL, MPES

advantage is never reached, the first player or team to score 30 points wins. Points were
only awarded to the serving side until 2006, when the BWF adopted the “rally scoring”
system, under which either side can score at any time.

EQUIPMENTS AND FACILITIES USED IN

BADMINTON
Taken from: https://www.sportsrec.com/standard-length-width-shuttle-court-11399103.html

Different versions of badminton have been played for centuries, but it was the game
of "Poona" in India that was the basis for the game of badminton we play today. In the
1860's a group of stationed British army officers learned the game and took it back with
them from India. The game grew in popularity until 1895 when the Badminton Association
of England was formed, along with the rules of game play that are used around the world
even today. In order to play this form of badminton, certain equipment and facilities are
needed.

Racket

The badminton racket is one of the most important tools a player has in the game.
Badminton rackets are much lighter than most other sports rackets because they are made
from materials such as carbon fiber or lighter metals such as aluminum. Parts of the racket
include the head, throat, shaft and handle with a maximum length of 27.77 inches and a
width of 9 inches. It Strings that are stretched across the opening of the racket in a
checkerboard pattern, which acts as the hitting surface. Badminton rackets can vary widely
in cost depending on whether they are purchased as part of a basic backyard set or as more
expensive professional models.

Shuttlecock

The badminton shuttlecock, also referred to as a shuttle or birdie, acts similarly to a

ball in other racket sports. However, the design of the birdie creates more drag as it is
propelled through the air due to its feathered shape. The shuttlecock is made up of a cone
shape with a hard cork at its tip. Shuttlecocks can be made from a variety of materials --
more expensive models are actually made from feathers, and less expensive models are
made from plastic feathers. The shuttle has 16 feathers attached to the base and the length
of the feathers range between 2.44 and 2.75 inches.

Net

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Submitted by: TUPAZ, KATHERINE T.
Submitted to: PROF. JOHN PAUL V. UDAL, MPES

A mesh net divides the badminton court into two sides. A badminton net is placed
lower than a volleyball net at five feet and one inch high on the sides and five feet high in
the center. The length may vary depending on whether doubles or singles are playing, with
singles reaching 17 feet and doubles reaching 22 feet. The net is 30 inches wide with a 3-
inch white tape doubled over the top.

Facilities

The badminton court should be 44 feet long by 22 feet wide if playing doubles, and
44 feet long by 17 feet wide for singles. If the facility is indoors, there needs to be enough
height for the shuttlecock to be able to float across the net without hitting the ceiling. This
height will vary depending on the strength of the players.

Standard Length & Width of a Shuttle Court

British troops stationed in India in the 18th century brought an Indian child's game
called Poona back to England. There it was first played and popularized at Badminton, the
Duke of Beaufort's country estate. The sport of badminton is played on a shuttle court.
Somewhat of a cross between volleyball and tennis, it uses a net, lightweight rackets and a
shuttlecock -- originally a cork ball with feathers attached. Badminton can be played by two
or four players, inside or outside. Today, the Badminton World Federation sanctions the

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Submitted by: TUPAZ, KATHERINE T.
Submitted to: PROF. JOHN PAUL V. UDAL, MPES

Badminton Super Series, which brings pro players from around the world together in
competition.

Shuttle Court Surface

Badminton may be played on turf or on hardwood surfaces specifically constructed

for sports, such as a basketball court. Concrete surfaces and carpeted floors are associated
with a higher incidence of injury in badminton.

Shuttle Court Layout

The shuttle court is a rectangular playing area. It is marked out by 1 and 1/2-inch
wide lines of chalk or some other marking colored white or yellow.

Shuttle Court Length

The shuttle court is 44 feet long. It is bisected by a net 2 feet, 6 inches wide, the top
of which is suspended 5 feet from the surface of the court at the centerline.

Shuttle Court Width

The shuttle court playing area is 20 feet wide for doubles play. For singles play, the
sidelines are 17 feet wide.

Service Area

The service court is 15 feet, 6 inches in length, beginning at the singles service line
and extending forward to another line 6 feet, 6 inches from the net.

Shuttles

Shuttlecocks, or shuttles, are the item volleyed across the net during a badminton
game. Original shuttlecocks were made from feathers, which led to the pseudonym "birds."
Shuttles for backyard badminton games are often made from plastic. The shuttles used in
modern competition badminton games are made from 16 real feathers, with a preference
for goose feathers from the bird’s left wing.

Rackets

Badminton rackets are made from lightweight materials that are known for
durability such as aluminum, steel and carbon fiber. The overall length limit of a badminton
racket is 26.77 inches. Standard badminton rackets must not be wider than 9.06 inches.

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Submitted by: TUPAZ, KATHERINE T.
Submitted to: PROF. JOHN PAUL V. UDAL, MPES

The strings on the racket must range from .03 inches thick. The overall weight of the racket
cannot exceed 3.2 oz.

Parts of a Badminton Racket

The object of the game of badminton is to hit a small device that resembles a rubber
ball with a ring of feathers attached to it, called a shuttle, back and forth across a raised net
using a racket. The badminton racket is lightweight yet strong. Once made of wood, these
rackets are now made of high-tech materials. The Badminton World Federation (BWF)
defines the laws that determine the parts, form, shape and weight of badminton rackets for
competition use.

Materials

Traditionally, badminton frames have been made out of wood. Although still
available, wood rackets have largely been abandoned due to the availability of lighter, more
durable synthetic materials such as carbon fiber, lightweight metal alloys and ceramics.
These are used in most modern badminton rackets today.

Frame

The body of the racket itself is called the frame. It consists of the head, the stringed
area, the throat, the shaft and the handle. According to BWF laws, the length of the frame
should be no longer than 680 millimeters or wider than 230 millimeters. The weight of a
fully strung frame should be within 80 and 100 grams. Frames can come in different
shapes, with larger or smaller sweet spots, and can be more or less flexible, depending on
the materials used and their construction.

Head

The head of the racket is the ring of material that holds the strings in place. It can be
oval or more rounded, and has holes in its perimeter though which the strings are laced.

Stringed Area

The stringed area is made up of nylon or carbon fiber string that is interwoven to
form the face of the racket. Its dimensions, according to BWF rules, must not exceed 280
millimeters in length or 220 millimeters in width.

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Submitted by: TUPAZ, KATHERINE T.
Submitted to: PROF. JOHN PAUL V. UDAL, MPES

Throat

The throat connects the head to the shaft. It may be a separate triangular piece at
the base of the head, or may actually be integrated into the head itself.

Shaft

The shaft is the long rod between the throat and handle. Often made of a composite
material such as graphite, the shaft can be stiffer or more flexible based on the needs of the
player.

Handle

The handle connects to the shaft and is used to hold the racket. The handle is
covered with a material called the grip. There are two types of grips: towel grips are good
for absorbing moisture, but may need to be changed frequently; synthetic grips are less
absorbent but more durable.

Official Badminton Net Height

The Badminton World Federation mandated the official net height in 1934 and it
has not changed since. The universally accepted net height, for singles and doubles play, is
5 feet in the center and 5 feet, 1 inch at the poles, which are situated just outside the court's
doubles lines. Players must clear the net with the shuttle within the confines of the singles
or doubles lines for the play to be considered good.

Play Basics

Much like tennis, one player for singles or two players for doubles stand on each
side of the net. The first player or team to reach a score of 21 wins the game; a match
consists of a best-of-three-games format. Each side of the court has a right and left service
box; each game starts with the server in the right box and the receiver in the left box on her
side of the court. The server then alternates the serve between the right and left side for
the remainder of the game. The shuttle must clear the net and land within the lines in the
receiver's box. Points are scored by the server or receiver when the shuttle touches the
surface inside the opponent's court or either player commits a fault.

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Submitted by: TUPAZ, KATHERINE T.
Submitted to: PROF. JOHN PAUL V. UDAL, MPES

Badminton Equipment Regulations

As an international and Olympic sport, badminton has specific rules that govern its
play. These rules extend to the equipment used in the badminton. Racket size, court
dimensions, net height and shuttle construction are all strictly controlled to provide the
most fair and even matches for sanctioned play of the sport.

Racket

The frame of the badminton racket must consist of a handle attached to a shaft, which
connects to the throat and head of the racket. The head must be strung with interwoven
synthetic string. The head can be no bigger that 280 mm in length and 220 mm in width.
The total length of the racket should be within 680 mm in length and 230 mm total width.
The full weight of a strung racket frame must be between 80 and 100 g.

Shuttle

The shuttle, the small object hit back and forth across the net, can be constructed of
natural or synthetic material. The ball-shaped base of the shuttle can be made of rubber or
cork covered in leather and must be between 25 and 28 mm in diameter. The base holds
the skirt of the shuttle to which 16 real or synthetic feathers that project backward and
outward are connected. The feathers must be 62 to 70 mm in length. The shuttle must
weigh between 4.74 and 5.50 g.

Net

The badminton net can be natural or synthetic. The netting line be fine, dark and of
even thickness with a mesh no larger than 20 mm. The dimensions of the net must be 2.5
feet tall and 20 feet wide. A white, folded, 3 inch wide tape must form the top edge of the
badminton net with a cord running through the tape to hold the net. The top of the net
must be 5 feet from the ground.

Posts

The posts that hold the net on either side of the court must be 5 feet tall and must
stay vertical after stringing the net. The net must tie to the net posts so no gap appears
between the net and the post.

Court

The outside dimensions of the court must be 20 feet wide by 44 feet long and visibly
marked. A center line must divide the court evenly lengthwise. The marked line at the end
of the court serves as the singles long service line and a doubles long service line across

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Submitted by: TUPAZ, KATHERINE T.
Submitted to: PROF. JOHN PAUL V. UDAL, MPES

both sides the court must be marked 2.5 feet closer to the net. A short service line must be
marked across both sides of the court, 6.5 feet from the net.

Double's Rules for Badminton

Doubles badminton is played with four players, or two on each side of the net.
Unlike singles badminton, the boundaries of a doubles game are marked by the outer lines
of the court. The one exception to this rule is that the server uses the inner back line. The
net on a doubles badminton court is set at 5 feet high. Rules for doubles badminton play are
set by the International Badminton Federation.

Service

Before each doubles match begins, service is determined by the flip of a coin. The
International Badminton Federation, or IBF, states that service for doubles always takes
place in the right service court. The team that serves is known as the server and the other
team is known as the receiver. The receiver in the court that is diagonally across from the
server, must return the shuttle. After the initial serve is returned, play continues with any
player hitting the shuttle from any court. Serving alternates between the right and left
courts as long as the initial server wins points, according to the Iowa State University
Recreation Services. Once the serving team loses a point, the serve is won by the other
team. When the first team wins the serve again, the second player on the first team now
serves.

General Play

After the serve has been returned, either doubles partner can return the shuttle
from any position on the badminton court, according to the IBF. Shuttles that land on the
boundary lines are considered inbounds. The shuttle is considered "good" and play is
continued even when it touches the net but still passes over to the other side. Shuttles that
touch the ground in between plays are faults and can cause the serving team to win points.
Each doubles team--but only one player per team-- can only hit the shuttle once before it
passes over the net.

Scoring

Badminton doubles games are played until one team wins the game with 11 points.
The serving team can win points; the other team must wait until they win the serve in
order to score. Unlike some other racket sports, gaining a two-point lead in order to win
the game is not necessary in doubles badminton.