Presentation

Vasanth
Problems in beam element
Problem 1

Ajay Vasanth. X

Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering

April 10, 2019

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Presentation
An axial load of 4 ∗ 105 N is applied at 30o C to the rod as in figure. The
Vasanth
temperature is then raised to 60o C . Calculate the following: (1) Assemble the
Problem 1 stiffness and force matrix (2) Nodal displacements (3) Stresses in each material (4)
Reactions at each nodal point. Take A1 = 1000mm2 , A2 = 1500mm2 ,
E1 = 0.7 ∗ 105 N/mm2 and E2 = 2 ∗ 105 N/mm2

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Presentation

Vasanth

Problem 1 Element stiffness matrix for element 1

    
A1 E1 1 −1 u1 F
= 1
l1 −1 1 u2 F2

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Presentation

Vasanth Element stiffness matrix for element 1

Problem 1

1000 ∗ 0.7 ∗ 105 1 −1 u1

    
F
= 1
200 −1 1 u2 F2
    
1 −1 u1 F
3.5 ∗ 105 = 1
−1 1 u2 F2

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Presentation

Vasanth

Problem 1

Thus the elemental stiffnes matric for element 1 is

    
3.5 −3.5 u1 F
1 ∗ 105
= 1 (1)
−3.5 .3.5 u2 F2

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Presentation

Vasanth
For element 2
Problem 1

  
A2 E2 1 −1 u2  
= F2 //F3
l2 1 1 u3

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Presentation

Vasanth

Problem 1

1500 ∗ 2 ∗ 105 1 −1 u2
    
F
= 2
300 −1 1 u3 F3
    
10 −10 u2 F
1 ∗ 105 = 2 (2)
−10 10 u3 F3

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Presentation

Vasanth

Problem 1

Assembling both the element, equation 1 and 2

    
3.5 −3.5 0 u1 F1
1 ∗ 105 −3.5 13.5 −10 u2  = F2  (3)
0 −10 10 u3 F3

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Presentation

Vasanth
Now the force matrix has to be found out for each element, since a thermal
condition is available for the same. We know that load vector
Problem 1
 
  −1
F = EAα∆T
1

For element 1
     
F1 −1 5 −6 −1
= E1 A1 α1 ∆T = 0.7 ∗ 10 ∗ 1000 ∗ 23 ∗ 10 ∗ 30
F2 1 1
   
F1 5 −0.0483
= 1 ∗ 10 (4)
F2 0.0483

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Presentation

Vasanth

Problem 1
Similarly for the second element
     
F2 −1 −1
= E2 A2 α2 ∆T = 2 ∗ 105 ∗ 1500 ∗ 12 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 30
F3 1 1
   
F2 5 −1.08
= 1 ∗ 10 (5)
F3 1.08

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Presentation

Vasanth
Assembling the global stifness matrix for force from equations 4 and 5, considering
Problem 1
4 ∗ 105 N is acting on node 2
   
F1 −0.483
F2  = 1 ∗ 105 −0.597 + 4
F3 1.08
   
F1 −0.483
F2  = 1 ∗ 105  3.4803  (6)
F3 1.08

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Presentation

Vasanth

Problem 1

Combining the global stifness matrix from equations 6 and 3

    
3.5 −3.5 0 u1 −0.483
1 ∗ 105 −3.5 13.5 −10 u2  = 1 ∗ 105  3.4803  (7)
0 −10 10 u3 1.08

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Presentation Applying the boundary conditions
Vasanth At node 1 u1 =0
Problem 1 At node 3 u3 =0
Sub the above boundary conditions in equation 7
    
3.5 −3.5 0 0 −0.483
1 ∗ 105 −3.5 13.5 −10 u2  = 1 ∗ 105  3.4803 
0 −10 10 0 1.08

Neglecting the first row and column and third row and cloumn, thus

13.5u2 = 3.403

u2 = 0.252mm (8)
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Presentation

Vasanth
Thermal stress,
Problem 1 du
σ=E − E α∆T
dx
For element 1
E1 (u2 − u1 )
σ1 = − E1 α1 ∆T
l1
0.7 ∗ 105 ∗ (0.252 − 0)
σ1 = − 0.7 ∗ 10−5 ∗ 23 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 30
200
σ1 = 39.935N/mm2 (9)

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Presentation

Vasanth

Problem 1 Similarly thermal stress for element 2

E2 (u3 − u2
σ2 = − E2 α2 ∆T
l2

2 ∗ 105 ∗ (0 − 0.252)
σ2 = − 2 ∗ 105 ∗ 12 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 30
300
σ2 = −240.066N/mm2 (10)

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Presentation

Vasanth Reaction force

Problem 1
[R] = [k] ∗ [u] − [F ]
      
R1 3.5 −3.5 0 u1 F1
R2  = 1 ∗ 105 −3.5 13.5 −10 u2  − F2 
R3 0 −10 10 u3 F3
Sub the value the value of u2 from equation 8 in the previous equation
      
R1 3.5 −3.5 0 0 F1
R2  = 1 ∗ 105 −3.5 13.5 −10 0.252 − F2 
R3 0 −10 10 0 F3

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Presentation

Vasanth

Problem 1
Reaction forces
     
R1 −0.8823 −0.0483
R2  = 1 ∗ 105  3.403  − 1 ∗ 105  3.403 
R3 −2.521 1.08

Thus the reaction forces are R1 = −0.4 ∗ 105 N, R2 = 0N, R3 = −3.601 ∗ 105 N

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