Lighting Solutions 2017 - Technical

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Technical
and Index
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456 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

Technical
Contents 11
11 Technical and Index
Lighting design guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Interior lighting design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Emergency lighting design guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
System design example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Emergency lighting spacing tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Lighting design software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Control gear selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Lamp data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
IP/IK ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
Building regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Glossary of terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Index - by product name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Index - by product code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Contact details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
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LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 457

11 Technical
Lighting Design Guide
Designing a basic lighting scheme requires the consideration of Lighting design can also be achieved using published photometric
many factors, not just the achievement of a desired lighting level. data, such as that included on the product pages of this catalogue.
Basic objectives must first be established, such as: Average illumination via the lumen method of calculation can
provide fast results that can then be assessed and facilitate more
– What sort of tasks will be performed in the area? detailed design of the most appropriate option if required.
– What ‘mood’ needs to be created?
– What type of lighting will create a comfortable environment?
Lumen Method Calculations
There are also standards and legislation that need to be complied This method uses the utilisation factor tables created from
with. For example: photometric measurement of each luminaire. Firstly, the Room
Index (K) of the space must be calculated, which is the relationship
– How energy efficient must the lighting be? and measure of the proportions of the room:
– How will Building Regulations affect the design?
– Is emergency lighting required? K = LxW Where:
(L + W) x Hm L = length of room
When all of these objectives and requirements have been W = width of room
established, they can be expressed as a series of lighting criteria Hm = height of luminaire
in order to facilitate a quality lighting design. Criteria that would above working plane
normally be considered are:
The result is used in conjunction with room reflectance values to
• Level of illumination obtain a specific utilisation factor for the surface illuminated from
11 Illumination levels for a wide variety of environments and tasks the tables.
can be found in BS EN 12464-1: 2011 and the society of
light and lighting’s code for lighting. The levels stated are This can then be used as part of the calculation to determine the
maintained illuminance, which is the minimum average average illuminance level, using the following formula:
illumination level that should be achieved at the point of
scheduled maintenance. E = F x n x N x MF x UF Where:
A E = average illuminance
• Uniformity and Ratios of Illuminance
F = initial lamp lumens
The combination of luminaires selected should evenly
n = number of lamps in
illuminate the working plane and appropriately illuminate walls
each luminaire
and ceilings in relation to the task illumination, so that a
N = number of luminaires
pleasant and comfortable environment is achieved. In specific
MF = maintenance factor
areas, increased directional lighting may be required to create
UF = utilisation factor
a defined or more intimate environment.
A = area
• Glare The maintenance factor is a multiple of factors and is determined
The acceptable level of glare should be established as as follows:
appropriate for the application, using information in
BS EN 12464-1: 2011 and the SLL code for lighting. MF = LLMF x LSF x LMF x RSMF
• Colour and Room Reflectance Where:

The colour appearance of the lamps should be chosen for LLMF = lamp lumen maintenance factor - the reduction
the application and complement the interior colour scheme, in lumen output after specific burning hours
which should be chosen with an appreciation of the reflectance LSF = lamp survival factor - the percentage of lamp
values that will be achieved. Lamps should be selected with failures after specific burning hours
appropriate colour rendition properties as detailed in EN12464-1 LMF = luminaire maintenance factor - the reduction in
and for colour discrimination and reduction of eye fatigue. light output due to dirt deposited on or in the
luminaire
• Energy Efficiency RSMF = room surface maintenance factor - the
Luminaires should be selected that meet the requirements of reduction in reflectance due to dirt deposition in
the Building Regulations Part L. The distribution characteristics the room surfaces
should also match the requirements of the criteria above.
With increased use of LED luminaires the calculation of MF
• Special Considerations becomes more important. As many LED luminaires will have non
Certain applications require additional considerations, such replacable light sources the design of the installation will be based
as the addition of display lighting, the arduous nature of the more as to the level of illumination at a specific point in time which
environment or the use of Display Screen Equipment. should be agreed with the customer.
Luminaires should be selected and the design completed with
these elements in mind, where appropriate. Guidance on calculating each of these factors is provided in the
After these criteria have all been considered, a lighting scheme SLL code for lighting. Alternatively, contact our Technical Support
calculation can be undertaken. The most popular method of and Application Department for advice.
establishing the quantity of luminaires required, the illumination
level achieved and the luminaire layout, is to use computer Finally, the luminaires must be spaced in the room such that
software created specifically for lighting design. It is important acceptable uniformity is achieved. The maximum spacing to
to remember that all the criteria above must still be considered height ratio, SHRmax, provides the maximum spacing permissible
prior to using computer software, if a satisfactory scheme is to between luminaires in both transverse and axial directions, in
be produced. comparison to the mounting height and should not be exceeded if
acceptable uniformity is to be achieved.

Technical
Lighting Design Guide 11
Using Photometric Data surface reflectivity and Room Index. The UF is used in average
This catalogue includes a number of different formats of lumen calculations to calculate the average illumination level for an
photometric data, to assist in lighting design. area with a specific luminaire.
Polar Intensity Curves Illuminance Cone Diagrams

This illustrates the distribution of luminous intensity, in cd/1000 Usually used for spotlights or lamps with reflectors, the diagram
lm, for the transverse (solid line) and axial (dashed line) planes indicates the maximum illuminance, E lux, at different distances,
of the luminaire. The curve provides a visual guide to the type plus the beam angle of the lamp over which the luminous intensity
of distribution expected from the luminaire, e.g. wide, narrow, drops to 50%. The beam diameter at 50% peak intensity, relative
direct, indirect etc, in addition to intensity. Utilisation factors show to distance away, is also shown.
the proportion of the luminous flux from the lamp that reaches


the working plan. This is for the specific luminaire and allows for

Cat. No. LCTL414Z Utilisation factors / TM5
Reflectances Room Index
cd/1000lm
120° 120°
C W F 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0  
70 50 20 N/A 66 72 76 81 85 87 90 92  
90° 90° 70 30 20 N/A 60 66 71 77 81 84 87 90
70 10 20 N/A 56 62 67 73 78 81 85 88  
11
100
50 50 20 N/A 64 70 73 79 82 84 87 89
 
60° 200 60° 50 30 20 N/A 59 65 69 75 78 81 84 86
50 10 20 N/A 56 61 66 72 76 78 82 85  
300
30 50 20 N/A 63 68 71 76 79 81 83 85
30° 30°
30 30 20 N/A 58 64 68 73 76 78 82 83  
30 10 20 N/A 55 61 65 70 74 76 80 82
LOR: 0.86  
0 0 0 N/A 53 58 62 67 71 73 76 78
ULOR: 0.09
DLOR: 0.85
BZ-class 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3  
SHR nom: 1.75

SHR max: 1.79
Cartesian Diagrams Isolux Diagrams

Generally used for floodlights, this indicates the distribution of The contours provide the points of equal illuminance, in lux, on the

 
luminous intensity, in cd/1000 lm, for the horizontal (solid line) floor or wall plane, from a specific stated mounting position.
and vertical (dashed line) planes of the luminaire. The diagram The diagram can be used to assess the distribution characteristics
provides a visual guide to the type of distribution expected from the 

of the luminaire in addition to determining lighting levels.
luminaire e.g. narrow or wide beam etc, in addition to intensity. The
associated data illustrates the beam angle to 10% peak intensity.

 







        

The society of light and lighting produce a number of design guides Useful Website Addresses
(LG) for specific applications which offer useful design advice for

  www.sll.org.uk - The Society of Light and Lighting
best practice approach to illuminating these areas. A sample of the www.cibse.org - The Chartered Institution of Building
available guides are: Lighting Guide 02: Hospitals and Healthcare Services Engineers
Buildings, Lighting Guide 04: Sports Lighting, Lighting Guide 05: www.bsi-global.com - British Standards
Light for Education, Lighting Guide 07: Office Lighting and Lighting
Guide 08: Lighting for Museums and Art Galleries.

Norwich Fire Station
Norwich
11

Technical
Interior Lighting Design 11
There is a wide range of lighting application standards and guides The other misconception is that office lighting is all about creating
available to aid the designer in creating a comfortable and efficient a uniform lighting level across the whole space. What is needed is
working space. uniform lighting across each task area, which normally consists of
relatively small areas on each desk. The lighting in the wider office
The recent updated edition of BS EN 12464-1:2011, which not only space can, and indeed should, vary somewhat to create visual
sets a standard for illumination levels for specific tasks but, also interest. Even the most dedicated office worker looks up from his
provides advice on how to achieve a lighting solution to meet the or her work from time to time, and when they do they need to see
human need. Also the SLL lighting design guides provides a very an interestingly lit office space and, ideally, a more distant view out
good source of guidance for the design of working spaces, and can of a window.
be considered as best practice. Lighting guide (LG) 7 is possibly
the one most commonly referred to, but it is often misunderstood If the building and the visual requirements of the users of an
being used to specify luminaires rather than the total environment office space are understood and all possible lighting options are
of the space. considered, a lit environment can be created for each office space
that not only provides the required levels of lighting for each task
LG7 was written to supersede the original LG3 which had very but also provides an interesting and stimulating lit environment for
restrictive cut off criteria for the luminance of luminaires. With the people to work in.
development of improved and flatter VDT screens this could be
relaxed, allowing for higher luminance values from the luminaire. This is a direct quote from the introduction of LG7 which goes
The increase being 3000 cd/m2 or 200 cd/m2 if the screen type on to discuss the whole design process. The overall intention of
is unknown. This can be increased up to 1500 cd/m2 and 500 cd/ the guide has not been fully utilised by the majority of users and
m2 respectively if positive polarity software only is used. LG7 also the reliance on a “single luminaire solution” has still been widely
recommends values for the wall and ceiling illuminance, which are requested. The single luminaire approach when used in regular 11
based on a direct percentage of the working plane level. arrays to produce a high level of uniformity across the whole
The intention being to alleviate the “cave like” appearance that the working space can be in contradiction to the original intent.
single use of the original Category 2 cut off luminaires produced.
If designing to LG7 the certificate of conformity should be used to
The LG7 lighting guide for office lighting was amended in 2012 show the criteria of the design.
to align with EN12464-1. This changed the recommendation for
the wall and ceiling illuminances to be a percentage of that of • Certificate of Conformity
the working plane to specific levels of illumination (lux) with a The guide requires that the designer and installer of the
minimum uniformity. installation complete and sign a Certificate of Conformity to
demonstrate that all known visual and ergonomic criteria were
In addition the recommended range for the cd/m2 for luminaires fully considered during the design process and installed as
at the relevant cut off angle was changed and now has a range of specified.
1000-1500 cd/m2 for screens having luminances (brightness) of
less than 2000 cd/m2 which increases to 3000 cd/m2 for screens Due to the regular development of these guides, Eaton
with higher luminances. recommends you visit CIBSE on www.cibse.org to ensure the
latest guides are being referred to.
It must be stated that LG7 is often referred to as being guidance
for luminaires but it was written as a complete guide for lighting of • EN12464-1:2011
the office environment, taking into account the total need of the
occupants to create pleasant working space. The lighting design standards detailed in EN12464-1:2011
break the design process into a number of key elements to aid
the design process. It however is not intended to provide
• Recommendation for Wall and Ceiling Illuminance
specific solutions, nor restrict the designer from exploring new
The guide provides recommendations to address the dark and techniques or restrict the use of innovative equipment. Daylight,
gloomy effect that can be created by ‘categorised’ louvres, as well as artificial light, should also be fully utilised for both
including the sharp wall cut off and bright scalloping. To avoid quality and to reduce energy.
this, walls and the ceiling should be lit as follows:
- The average wall illuminance above the working plane

should be at least 75 lux with a uniformity of >0.1
Terzetto
- The ceiling average illuminance should be at least 50 lux
with a uniformity of >0.1

11 Technical
Interior Lighting Design
• EN12464-1:2011 (cont’d) • Illuminance

- Luminous environment The recommendations for minimum illumination levels are
- Luminance distribution detailed for specific task areas based on the following factors:
- Illuminance
- Glare - Comfort and well being
- Lighting in the interior space - Actual task requirements
- Colour aspects - Functional safety
- Flicker and stroboscopic effects - Economy
- Maintenance factor
The standard is based on illuminating the task area and not the
- Energy efficiency
total space with references to areas referred to as “immediate
- Additional benefits of daylight surround” with a minimum band width of 0.5 metres, and
- Variability of light “background area” with illumination ratios to the task and each
other. The standard also details the uniformities of the
• Luminous Environment respective areas in place of the whole work space.
For good lighting it is essential that as well as the required
illumination level being achieved, it is important that the Typically if the task is illuminated to 500 lux the immediate
requirements of the occupant are considered. Lighting should surround should be at least 300 lux, whilst the background
meet the three basic human needs: should be illuminated to a 1/3 the value of the immediate
surround.
11 - Visual comfort
- Visual performance • Glare
- Safety Glare must be limited to avoid errors, fatigue and accidents.
Glare can be experienced as either:
By meeting these basic requirements the lighting scheme will
offer a feeling of wellbeing and allow all tasks to be safely and - Discomfort glare
efficiently carried out. - Disability glare
• Luminance Distribution If the limits of discomfort glare are met, disability glare is not
The distribution of the source of illumination is important as usually a problem. The glare rating for a scheme should be
this will have a direct effect on the individual and it is important calculated using the Unified Glare Rating (UGR) tabular method
to ensure that the level of adaption is balanced throughout the and must be below the rating listed for the application.
space.
It should be noted that high brightness reflections in the visual
This will increase visual acuity and contrast, as positive task should be avoided and these can be prevented by correct
aspects, but good distribution will reduce the risk of excess arrangement of work spaces, choice of finishes, control of
levels of brightness which in turn can lead to glare which can luminances and bright ceiling and wall surfaces.
lead to fatigue and poor performance. However a good level of
contrast is important so as to create an interesting environment Minimum shielding angles for bright light sources are also
for people. specified for a range of lamp luminances.
A well balanced luminous environment can only be achieved by

taking into consideration the reflectances and illuminance of all
surfaces. To avoid a gloomy environment and to raise the level
of comfort in the building it is highly desirable to have bright
interior surfaces particularly walls and ceilings. The
recommendations are:
- Ceilings; 70-90%
- Walls; 50-80%
- Floor; 20-40%
Additionally the reflectance of any major items of fixed

equipment or furniture should be in the range of 20-70%.
The standard states the minimum levels of wall and ceiling
illumination along with the maximum uniformity of these Terzetto
surfaces:
- Walls and major vertical surfaces: Em > 50 Lux

- Ceilings: Em > 30 Lux
For offices these should be increased to:
- Walls and major vertical surfaces: Em > 75 Lux
- Ceilings: Em > 50 Lux

Technical
Interior Lighting Design 11
• Lighting in the Interior Space • Additional Benefits of Daylight
It is important to ensure that illumination of the space fully A good lighting design should also utilise any available daylight
considers the human need and ensures that the lighting which can have a beneficial effect on the occupants. Creating
solution provided has a good level of cylindrical illumination. variance in lighting level, direction and spectral composition
This is important in environments where good inter-personal throughout the day creates a feeling of wellbeing and
communication is required. Additionally the appearance of a comfort, it is however important to ensure that windows and
space can be enhanced by providing a degree of modelling skylights do not cause visual or thermal discomfort, or a loss of
by controlled use of directional lighting. EN12464 offers good privacy. Additionally the use of natural daylight is beneficial in
advice on achieving a balanced environment. reducing the overall total lighting energy for the installation.
• Colour Appearance and Colour Rendering • Variability of Light

The colour appearance of the lamps refers to the apparent Light is important to health and wellbeing as it can affect the
colour (chromaticity) of the light emitted, and the colour used mood, emotions and general alertness, so it is important to
should suit what is deemed as natural for the application, e.g. create a lighting solution that is not just a design by “numbers”,
relative to wall colours, furniture, climate etc. but one which truly takes into account the person.
For visual performance and a feeling of comfort and wellbeing • Practical Scheme Design
lamps with a suitable colour rendering index should be selected. In order to comply with the wide-ranging requirements of the
Lamps with a colour rendering index value of Ra 80 must be the SLL guides and BS EN 12464-1 (interior), each element briefly
minimum used where people work or stay for long periods. For described should be carefully considered before choosing the
special applications, colour rendering may be acceptable with a
lower index, but for other areas such as healthcare and retail, a
luminaires to achieve the desired effect for the installation. 11
It is unlikely that one luminaire type alone will meet the
higher value may be appropriate. requirements in full and provide a satisfactory result. Each
installation will also differ in design, as each application varies in
• Flicker and Stroboscopic Effects terms of surface colours, furniture, ergonomics, task, limiting
Lamp flicker and stroboscopic effects, which create discomfort glare requirements, available daylight etc.
and dangerous situations, should be avoided. This can be
achieved by use of high frequency control gear in typical These documents aim to encourage the designer to look more
applications. closely at the working environment required and to create a
comfortable and balanced lighting solution. It should take into
It should be noted that LED drivers generally operate from a consideration the factors listed, rather than reverting to a default
rectified AC supply and a DC ripple will be present with LED luminaire or single light source suitable for all applications. It is
luminaires, the frequency of this flicker will be 100Hz and the therefore more likely that schemes that successfully achieve
percentage can vary based on the quality of the driver circuit, the standard and guidance documents whilst creating a feeling
it is however unlikely that this flicker will be perceived by the of wellbeing will consist of a combination of luminaire types.
normal human eye but may be visible by some CCT systems.
Advice should be sort if CCT or special requirements are The combination of luminaires can include:
required.
- Recessed or surface direct downlight luminaires
• Energy Efficiency - Semi-recessed or recessed direct/indirect luminaires
Lighting should be designed to meet the lighting requirements - Suspended direct/indirect luminaires
of a particular task or space in an energy efficient way; however
it is important not to compromise the visual aspects of the - Wall washer luminaires
lighting scheme just to reduce energy usage. The use of - Wall mounted or floor standing uplighters
relevant lighting controls should be considered in any design
to take account of daylight, occupancy patterns, and by using The resultant installation will provide efficient illumination of the
dimming control gear the benefit of maintained illuminance. task area, whilst walls and ceilings are evenly illuminated to
provide a visually comfortable lit environment.
A procedure for estimating the energy requirements for a
lighting installation is given in BS EN15193 Lighting Energy This catalogue provides data on lamp colour rendering and
Numeric Indicator. appearance properties. Further information and advice on the
application of SLL lighting guides, BS EN 12464-1 (Light and
(LENI), as this is based on a complete building and as such it lighting - lighting of the work place), BS EN 15193 (Energy
should only be used as guidance if used for single rooms. performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting) and
many other standards and guides is available from our technical
support and application department. They are also able to offer
RXS Gimbal guidance on selecting the appropriate luminaires for the
application from the Eaton’s range of mains and emergency
luminaires.

11 Technical
Emergency Lighting Design Guide
Eight ways to ensure compliance with emergency lighting by manufacturers and sellers, which may not be independently
regulations verified. Buying cheaply may also turn out to be a false economy
Emergency lighting can be a lifeline for people trying to find their since lower-quality components can shorten the lifespan of
way out of a building if main lighting fails, and this is particularly batteries and lamps; they may also have inferior optics, resulting
important in the event of a fire. To ensure that emergency lighting in an increased number of fittings being required to meet the
is fit for purpose, the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, minimum emergency lighting levels. As this is a life safety product
which brings all aspects of fire safety under one roof, recommends you do need to consider whether a cheaper option might be more
that the emergency lighting used is covered by the BSI Kite mark vulnerable to failure.
scheme. So how can you be sure your emergency lighting is
compliant? 3. Look for third-party certification
The most reliable way to ensure your emergency lighting is fit for
1. Carry out a risk assessment purpose is to buy products approved by third-party certification
If you have five or more employees, you are required by law, schemes such as BSI Kitemarking and the Industry Committee
under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order, to carry out a for Emergency Lighting (ICEL) registration. The BSI governs the
fire safety risk assessment and must keep a written record of implementation of strict European standards on the design and
the assessment. This legislation exists to ensure that the correct manufacture of emergency luminaires under regulations including
emergency lighting is installed to cover any identifiable risks and EN60598-1 and EN60598-2-22.
that it will correctly operate in the event of a failure of the main
lighting supply. BS5266 is the code of practice for the emergency Meanwhile, the manufacturers’ trade organisation ICEL provides
lighting of premises, which provides information on the correct a product auditing and approval process. If ICEL approved
emergency lighting for the safety of people. Additionally, the luminaires are installed at the correct location, according to the
BS5266 code, along with the BSEN1838 code, provides specifiers recommendations of BS5266, using verified spacing data, the
11 with information regarding areas that need emergency lighting emergency lighting system will meet the minimum emergency
such as: the minimum levels of illumination, duration, maximum lighting levels for the safety of people. However, this may
brightness to prevent glare, and any points of emphasis which need enhancement if specific risks are identified during the risk
require particular consideration. Failure to comply with these assessment. Upon meeting these conditions, the installation
stipulations not only puts lives at risk and raises the possibility of would then be considered sufficiently safe to protect users of the
prosecution, but can also invalidate insurance policies. building and reduce the likelihood of any legal action relating to
non-compliance with the Regulatory Reform Order.
2. Know what you are buying
4. Consider the long-term costs
Given that emergency lighting will never be used on an everyday
basis, it can be tempting to opt for cheaper luminaires. These Buying high-quality and industry-approved emergency lighting
are often supplied from distant sources and will pass through may initially seem more costly, but consider the bigger picture.
numerous intermediaries before installation. This can lead to For example, good quality products may have a higher output
confusion over the precise specifications and the claims made and better spacing performance meaning fewer units are needed
to achieve the required level of illumination, which may not only
Doncaster Civic & Cultural Quarter

Doncaster

Technical
Emergency Lighting Design Guide 11
reduce the outlay on products but also the installation cost. It 8. Don’t ignore the signs
is also worth bearing in mind the total cost of ownership (TCO) In addition to the emergency lighting, it’s important to consider
as long-term energy costs may be reduced. Additionally, it’s signage at the earliest stage. The obligation is to ensure that
worth considering LED-based emergency luminaires. They use escape routes are clearly defined and identified with the correct
less power, therefore reduce running costs and require less exit signage. When selecting a product, be aware that the viewing
maintenance. LED-based emergency luminaires have a working distance for an internally-illuminated exit sign is calculated by
life often greater than 50,000 hours, which is up to 10 times longer multiplying the height of the illuminated element by a factor of
than a conventional fluorescent lamp. Furthermore, the latest 200. This information will normally be available from reputable
generation incorporate optic lenses to direct light into a specific manufacturers. For externally illuminated signs, the multiplication
pattern. This ensures the light is correctly distributed to maximise factor is only 100, but it must have at least 5 lux at any point of the
the coverage for emergency lighting from the luminaire, which sign in emergency conditions.
may be needed to cover a larger open area or a specific distribution
to maximise the spacing along an escape route. An alternative option is the photoluminescent exit sign. However,
it is important to remember that these rely on ambient light to
5. Location, location, location charge their photoluminescent membrane. Additionally, EN1838
The positioning of emergency lighting is crucial. Some of the key states that under emergency lighting conditions the sign shall be
locations where emergency luminaires should be installed are: sufficiently illuminated to be visible. The safety colour must remain
along escape routes, at every change in direction, adjacent to any green and the contrast colour must remain white within the colour
step or trip hazard, over every flight of stairs so that each tread boundaries specified in ISO3864-4. This usually means that general
receives direct light, close to firefighting equipment, call points and lighting must be permanently switched on in order for the exit light
first aid points, outside every final exit to a place of safety or any to self-illuminate in the event of a power failure.
other location identified by the risk assessment.
Main points are: 11
Under the regulations, a minimum luminance of 1 lux is required • That the law now covers all premises that have employees or
on the centre line of an escape route with a uniformity of at least are visited by members of the public. (Previously, fire
40:1. In open areas however, a minimum of 0.5 lux is required. certificates did not cover small premises).
To achieve these minimum levels, refer to the spacing tables that
should be provided by your chosen manufacturer. • Emergency lighting should be upgraded to meet the current
standards. (Previously premises did not have to be upgraded
Higher levels of luminance will also be required for areas identified when standards improved, now those engineered to previous
as having a higher risk. Examples of these areas are described issues need to be brought up to date).
within the BS5266 guidance, along with the recommended higher
lux level values. The building regulations detail the design and construction
characteristics of a building. Approved documents details the fire
6. Pay attention to the exit safety requirements for new buildings and the major refurbishment
What if a failure of supply occurs in the hours of darkness? of existing premises. These documents shows the locations that
Regulation BS5266-1:2011 requires that external lighting must must be provided with emergency lighting. This list should be
be provided to guide evacuees from the point where they exit a used as a starting point and BS5266-1:2011 should be referred
building to a place of safety. This means that many applications will to as the main source of information. This provides information
need a weatherproof luminaire operating in maintained or switched for areas requiring emergency lighting but also best practice for
maintained mode, controlled by daylight sensors. LED luminaires the lighting of a selection of high risk tasks. It also clarifies that
can be used for this purpose to reduce maintenance and running emergency lighting is needed for all parts of schools that either do
costs. not have natural light or are used outside normal school hours. The
regulations require that systems comply with BS 5266-1:2011 the
7. Think about maintenance and servicing code of practice for emergency lighting.
Minimum routine testing schedules are one of the requirements of
the regulations and standards. The time this takes can become a
significant demand on facilities managers and maintenance teams.
One way to avoid the ongoing costs associated with maintenance,
servicing, repairs and replacements is to specify quality emergency
luminaires in the first place. Another tip is to consider self-testing
systems, which reduce the expense, time demands and disruption
associated with manual testing regimes upon individual luminaires.
With automatic test systems, results from an entire network are
collected and fed back to a central point where the exact location
of the fault can be pinpointed. The system will also identify the
cause of the fault which might be a failed lamp or module, so that
the necessary spare part can be selected and taken to the location
to speed up the repair process.

11 Technical
The Fire Safety Order 2005 (cont’d) Other Regulations

The Government has produced 11 guides for individual In addition to fire safety legislation, some workplaces require a
applications to help employers to conduct their assessments and licence from the Local Authority, including theatres and cinemas,
gives guidance on the safety equipment required. sport stadiums and premises for public entertainment, music,
dancing, gambling and the sale of alcohol. Other premises must
The guides make it clear that occupants have to be protected from be registered with the Local Authority and be inspected by the Fire
risks in the event of the normal supply failing. To assist users they Authority, including nursing homes, children’s homes, residential
advise that: care homes and independent schools. Both licensed and
registered premises have to pass a fire inspection to confirm that
• Emergency lighting is likely to be required where any escape they have systems complying with BS 5266-1 for the emergency
routes are internal and without windows or if the premises are lighting and BS 5839 for fire equipment. Records of a system are
used during darkness (including early darkness in winter). now essential to maintain the validity of approvals and licences.
• The assessment should cover the location of employees and Emergency Lighting - System Design
any visitors (including information on those persons with This section provides guidance on system design to meet BS 5266
disabilities) to the site to assist in determining the areas Parts 1 and EN1838 and so achieve compliance with legislation.
requiring emergency lighting.
Design Objective
• The guidance gives detailed requirements for the suitability of
escape routes and calls for the installation of emergency BS 5266-1:2011 gives recommendations and guidance on the
lighting to be in accordance with BS 5266-1. factors that need to be considered in the design of, and the
11 installation and wiring of, electrical emergency escape lighting
systems. This provides the lighting performance needed for safe
• The risk assessment should identify any areas that require
additional emergency lighting provision. BS5266-1:2011 lists movement of people in the event of the supply to normal lighting
examples of these areas detailing the required levels, duration, failing. It also gives recommendations for lighting in areas with
and the plane to be illuminated, as examples, a school chemical fixed seating. From this it can be seen that you should ensure the
laboratory which may be smaller than 60m2 but still need following provisions are fulfilled.
emergency lighting, as combustible materials and sources of a) Indicate clearly and unambiguously the escape routes.
ignition would be present, or commercial kitchens. b) Provide illumination along such routes to allow safe movement
towards and through the exits provided.
• It recommends that advice on the installation should be given
c) Ensure that fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment,
by a competent person who specialises in emergency lighting
provided along escape routes can be readily located.
systems.
d) To ensure that any area requiring special consideration as
• Continued maintenance and testing must be correctly carried identified by the risk assessment have the necessary level of
out to comply with the directive. emergency illumination.
e) To permit operations concerned with safety measures.
• One way of ensuring the competence of your provider would
be registration of a reputable scheme such as the BAFE (British BS 5266-1 recommends that discussions should be held prior to
Approvals for Fire Equipment) SP203-4 scheme. commencing the design, to establish the areas to be covered, the
method of operation, the testing regime and the most suitable
• The equipment used must be capable of being demonstrated type of system. These discussions should include the owner or
as of adequate quality. Compliance with the appropriate British occupier of the premises, the system designer, the installer and
Standard, or other approved third party scheme, gives evidence the supplier of the equipment.
of this. The standard for luminaires is BS EN 60598-2-22. ICEL
1001 registration endorses the spacing data of these At this stage the provision of plans should be made available
luminaires. The standard for central battery systems is to identify:
BS EN 50171.
a) escape routes
Note: When the premises are being assessed for risk, b) open areas
shortcomings in other areas of fire protection can be compensated c) high risk task areas
for by improved levels of emergency lighting and fire alarms. d) safety equipment, including fire safety equipment, safety signs
and any other aspects identified by risk assessment
The Health & Safety (Safety Signs & Signals) Regulations
1996 e) details of normal lighting and its control system
These regulations bring into force the EC Safety Signs Directive f) The latest edition of BS5266 now identifies the additional option
(92/58/EEC) on the provision and use of safety signs at work. of “stay put” safety lighting, this allows the option of people
From 2012 the new ISO 7010 Pictogram signs will also be legal being allowed to stay in a location for a defined period of time
but should not be mixed with other formats on an installation. in the event of a power outage with no safety risks. This option
should be reviewed by risk assessment and special provisions
These regulations apply to all safety signs including those which would need to be implemented to use this option. This option
provide directional signage for escape routes. may require a higher level of illumination than the current
minimum used for escape lighting.
Note: BS 5266 was revised in 2011. For up to date information

visit our website at www.eaton.eu. Alternatively visit the British
Standards Institute website, at www.bsi-global.com

Technical
Stage 1 when this is accomplished should the type of luminaire or its
Locate luminaires at mandatory “Points of Emphasis” light output be considered. BS EN 1838: 2013 requires that the
Initial design is conducted by situating luminaires to reveal specific luminaires sited at points of emphasis must comply with BS EN 60
hazards and highlight safety equipment and signs, care should 598-2-22.
be taken to ensure the correct illumination level is achieved, in
addition to providing illumination to assist safe travel along the Specific locations where a luminaire must be provided are:
escape route. This should be performed regardless of whether it
is an emergency escape route or an open (anti-panic) area. Only
11
At each exit door All safety exit signs Outside the final exits and to a place of
safety
Near stairs so that each tread receives At each change of direction Near each first aid post
direct light
Near any other change of floor level At each intersection of corridors Near each piece of fire fighting
equipment and call point
Note: The term near means within 2 metres measured horizontally

Refer to BS 5266 for specific recommended illumination level

1 and 2 New Ludgate
London
11

Technical
Section head 11
Stage 2
Ensure the exit signs are of correct format and size
Section 4.1 of BS EN 1838: 2013 states that “Signs which are Where direct sight of an emergency exit is not possible, an
provided at all exits intended to be used in an emergency and illuminated directional sign (or series of signs) shall be provided to
along escape routes shall be illuminated to indicate unambiguously assist progression towards the emergency exit.
the route of escape to a point of safety”.
• Sign formats should not be mixed
BS 2560: 197 BS 5499 Pt 1

Old-style signs now obsolete. Should have Signs are still acceptable, if they are already
been replaced by December 1998. in the building.
European Signs Directive Format ISO 7010

This came into force on 1st April 1996, In 2011, it was decided by many of the
under The Signs Directive. National Standards bodies to consider
adoption of a single pictogram format as
detailed in ISO 7010. This format was
adopted by BSI in the latest edition of 11
BS5266-1: 2011 which is considered to be
BS5499 has been recently updated and now follows the ISO the ‘de-facto’ emergency lighting standard
format and allows the addition of text to the sign. in the UK - BS 5499 has also adopted this
format.
• Maximum Viewing Distances

For all formats of safety signs, the maximum viewing distances photoluminescent signs, but to be acceptable they must have
and luminance conditions are given in EN 1838: 2013. an external light illuminating them in normal condition to 100 lux
Signs can be either internally illuminated, such as exit boxes or and 5 lux on any part of the face under mains failure condition.
edge lit emergency luminaires with a screened sign that have a
controlled illuminance, or painted signs. These include Maximum viewing distances are:
Internally illuminated signs - 200 x the panel height Externally illuminated signs - 100 x the panel height
• Illumination requirements
The sign must conform to the colours of ISO 3864, which colour to the green colour must be between 5:1 and 15:1. The
defines that exit and first aid signs must be white with green minimum luminance of any 10mm patch area on the sign must
as the contrast colour. The ratio of luminance of the white be greater than 2cd/m2 and the ratio of maximum to minimum
luminance shall be less than 10:1 for either colour.
Note: Internally illuminated exit signs are pre-tested to ensure

they meet these requirements, provided that they comply
with EN 60598-2-22. If the sign is designed to be externally
illuminated, considerable care must be taken by the system
designer to see that these conditions are met. Even though an
emergency luminaire must be sited within 2 metres from the sign
(see stage 1) calculations should still be made to check that the
sign is illuminated to 5 lux on any part of the face in emergency
conditions.

11 Technical
Stage 3
Locate luminaires at the following essential areas in the buildings
These locations are not part of the escape route but because of their risk they require protection by emergency lighting. Some of these
areas are specifically defined in BS 5266-1:2011. Others are likely to be hazard areas defined by the risk assessment.
a) Lift cars - although only in exceptional b) Toilets - all toilets for the disabled and c) Escalators - to enable users to get
circumstances will they be part of the facilities exceeding 8m2 floor area or off them safely.
escape route, they do present a without borrowed lights. Note the
problem in that the public may be current issue of BS 5266-1: 2011
trapped in them in the event of a now excludes the en suite facilities
supply failure. in hotels.
11
Some high risk areas, requiring a higher lux level, are also stated in BS 5266-1:2011, including:
Corridor and refuge area Plant room Kitchen
Plant rooms Kitchens

Fire call point 15 Lux min 15 Lux min Fire equipment
Refuge area 15 Lux min (in plane of visual task) (horizontal on working plane, 15 Lux min
5 Lux min Fire equipment switches and cutouts readily visible)
Emergency 15 Lux min
exit push bar
5 Lux min
Reception areas First aid rooms Treatment rooms
Fire equipment
15 Lux min
Reception areas
15 Lux min
First aid rooms

15 Lux min
(horizontal on Treatment rooms
working plane) 50 Lux min
(horizontal on
working plane)

Technical
These areas may also be considered as high risk and covered in stage 6
Kitchens - Sudden failure of lighting while staff are cooking hot food is potentially dangerous. Currently these areas would need an
emergency light over the extinguisher but emergency lighting is also needed over the area for hot food preparation. Employees need to
be able to locate and turn off machinery/ovens/hobs etc. to ensure that they do not turn on once the supply is re-instated and cause a
possible unsafe condition.
First aid and treatment rooms - Currently the requirement is for the light level needed for the safety of the individual, however system
designers need to consider the light level response and duration times of emergency lighting of first aid rooms where treatment is to be
given.
Refuge areas for disabled people - In these areas fire wardens will now have to go and collect disabled persons, often transferring
them into rescue sleds to enable them to be safely taken downstairs. Consideration should be given to the light level response and
duration times of emergency lighting in refuges.
Fire equipment - In a fire condition, users must inspect and act on the condition of fire alarm panels and repeaters. The light must be
of a sufficient level to the correct plane of visual task to enable displays to be read accurately. The staff will also have to contact the fire
brigade so they must have sufficient illumination for the number to be dialled correctly in the emergency condition.
Panic bars and pads - The emergency lighting must provide adequate direct illumination on crash bars on exit doors to enable them to
be easily seen and operated, consider using exit signs above with downward light panels.
Motor generator, control or plant rooms - Require battery supplied emergency lighting to assist any maintenance or operating
personnel in the event of failure.
Covered car parks - The normal pedestrian routes should be provided with non-maintained luminaires of at least 1 hour duration. 11
Further information regarding duration and emergency illumination levels are shown in BS5266-1: 2011.

11 Technical
Stage 4
Escape Route Lighting
When the points of emphasis have been covered, it is essential In addition, every compartment on the escape route must have
to provide any additional luminaires to ensure that minimum at least two luminaires, to provide some light in the event of
illuminance levels are met to enable the routes to be used safely. luminaire failure.
• Lighting Level Requirements

BS EN 1838: 2013 4.2 calls for a minimum of 1 lux anywhere
on the centre line of the escape route for normal risks. A
uniformity ratio of 40:1 maximum to minimum must not be
exceeded. This illuminance must be provided for the full
duration and life of the system. 50% of the illuminance must
be available within 5 seconds and the full value within 60
seconds of supply failure.
Note: The UK had an “a deviation” which allowed a 0.2 lux

minimum value for routes that will be permanently unobstructed.
This has now been removed and any existing escape routes
11 illuminated to this level must be upgraded to the current 1 lux
value.
• Photometric Design
Emergency Escape Routes
The use of authenticated spacing tables or a suitable computer
program provides the information to determine whether
luminaires are needed in addition to those for the points of Photometric Data
emphasis (see data section), to provide the minimum required
Britelite
Escape route 2m wide Open (anti-panic) area
level of illumination on the escape routes. To ensure that the 1 lux min 0.5 lux min
design will meet the required levels at all times the data is de- Mode Mounting Lux level
rated, as required by the standard, to cover the following

height
(m)
directly
under
factors: Self-contained
NM 2.5 3.28 3.9 11.3 4.0 2.0 4.0 12.0 6.0 1.9
i. Reduction in light as the battery voltage reduces during 4.0 1.28 2.1 9.6 5.6 1.2 3.3 14.8 7.2 1.9
discharge 6.0 0.57 - - - - 1.6 12.4 7.4 0.8
ii. Ageing of lamps in maintained circuits M

2.5
4.0
2.75 3.3 10.7 5.2 1.8
1.07 1.5 8.0 5.0 0.7
3.7 11.7 5.8 1.8
3.5 14.2 7.0 1.7
iii. The effects of dirt 6.0 0.48 - - - - - - - -
Example - luminaire spacing along

escape route
Locate luminaires at mandatory

“Points of emphasis”
Add additional luminaire to

achieve 1 lux minimum

Technical
Luminaire spacing in open (anti-panic) core areas
11
Stage 5
Open (Anti-Panic) Core Areas
Areas larger than 60m2, open areas with an escape route passing
through them, or hazards identified by the building risk
assessment all require emergency lighting. The current standard
is easy to design for and to verify, promoting systems that provide
good uniformity rather than ones that use a few large output
luminaires.
• Light Level Requirements • Spacing Data

BS EN 1838:2013 - 4.3 calls for 0.5 lux minimum of the Specific data is available for self-contained dedicated
empty core area, which excludes a border of 0.5m of the emergency luminaires. This can be found on each of the
perimeter of the area. Spacing tables or a suitable computer individual product entries in this catalogue.
program provide simple and accurate data that can easily be If using standard mains luminaires fitted with an emergency
used. The spacing tables for 0.5 lux are de-rated on the same conversion kit, you should use one of the available computer
basis as those for escape routes. They can also be used as a programs to calculate the layout of converted luminaires. Using
guide for initial selection of the location of luminaires when the actual distribution of the luminaire ensures that the correct
using a computer program. emergency lumen value is used with the relevant depreciation
factors.

11 Technical
Stage 6 Stage 7 (cont’d)

High Risk Task Area Lighting Testing and Log Book
The risk assessment carried out will have identified a number of The Fire Safety Order requires that appropriate testing is
locations needing special consideration. These may be areas in performed to maintain compliance of the system. The system
which plant and production lines are deemed to have a high risk should include adequate facilities for testing and recording the
or control rooms managing dangerous processes. In addition to system condition. These need to be appropriate for the specific
these identified areas a selection of other typical areas are detailed site and should be considered as part of the system design.
in BS5266-1: 2011. Discussions with the user or system designer should identify:
- The calibre and reliability of staff available to do the testing
BS EN 1838: 2013 defines that in areas of high risk the maintained
- The level of difficulty in performing the test
illuminance on the reference plane shall be not less than 10% of
- If discharge tests need to be done outside normal working
the required maintained illuminance for that task, however it shall
hours, or phased so only alternate luminaires are tested in
not be less than 15 lux. Additional information is available in BS
buildings that are permanently occupied
5266 table D1.
The testing requirements in the code of practice are:
Design Procedures
In order to reach this enhanced level of emergency illumination it • Function Test
is important to consider all options, which may include converted
All emergency luminaires should be tested by breaking the
luminaires, either operated from integral batteries or the use of
supply to them and checking that they operate satisfactorily.
luminaires supplied from a central emergency unit. These versions
The supply must then be restored and the charging indicators
11 in most instances would have higher
Ballast Lumen Factors (BLF). It is also
must be seen to be operating correctly. This test must be
performed at least once per month and the results logged.
important to consider the emergency
response time which may require
that the emergency luminaires are • Discharge Test
operated in maintained mode, or The luminaires must be tested for their full rated duration
possibly require the use of tungsten period and checked for satisfactory operation. The supply must
projector units. If these are used then be restored and the charging indicators rechecked. This
it is important to maintain a test must be performed at least annually and the results
reasonable level of uniformity. logged.
If manual testing is utilised, the following points should be

considered:
- Is a single switch to be used? Unless the whole building is
to be switched off, a separate switch should be used for
Stage 7
each final circuit. As the feed to non-maintained circuits must
Control be taken from the switch, this will probably mean that the
Non-maintained luminaires must be activated by failure of supply building will have to be walked around twice, once to check the
to the normal lighting. They must therefore be connected to an luminaires and once to check that they are recharging.
un-switched live taken from the local normal lighting final circuit.
- With manual testing it is difficult to correctly validate that the
emergency luminaires illuminated within the specified time
It is important at this stage to ensure that the luminaires used in
and at the correct level. Validation is also required that all
the design process are not changed without a full assessment
emergency luminaires meet the minimum duration. Again,
of the lumen output and distribution of any alternative proposal.
this would be difficult to validate for all locations.
Failure to validate the performance could lead to a non-compliant
installation.

Technical
Stage 7 (cont’d) Automatic Test Systems
- Are luminaires to be individually switched? In practice, only a Legislation demands that emergency lighting systems are
single walk around the building will be needed. However, the regularly tested and maintained in full working order. To avoid the
test switches could spoil the décor of the building and they cost and disruption of manual testing, automatic test systems
must be of a type that is tamper proof. should be considered. Eaton offer alternative testing systems,
each optimised for different building types:
- After the tests, the performance of the luminaires must be
logged. • CGLine+
CGLine+ is an automatic testing and monitoring device for up
Commissioning Certificate to 800 self-contained luminaires, giving information regarding
BS 5266 Pt 1: 2011 and the European Standard both require their functionality and status. There are many ways in which
written declarations of compliance to be available on site for you can monitor the status and event information of the
inspection. These consist of: system. Each CGLine+ controller has an inbuilt web browser
which can be accessed to view the status of the luminaires
1. Installation quality and system events, there are a number of LEDs used to signal
IEE regulations must have been conformed with and non- system status and multiple controllers can be connected in a
maintained fittings fed from the final circuit of the normal network allowing the monitoring of up to 25,600 emergency
lighting in each, as required in BS 5266 Pt 1: 2011. luminaires on one system. If site IT infrastructure allows, the
system can be accessed remotely and can be configured
2. Photometric performance to distribute email alerts from selectable alarm conditions.
Alternatively a USB stick can be used to upload the event log
Evidence of compliance with light levels has to be supplied
by the system designer. Photometric tests for Eaton’s and luminaires configuration and status. CGLine+, simply the 11
luminaires are normally performed at BSI and spacing data most flexible single screen system, offers enhanced safety
is registered by the ICEL scheme. Therefore copies of the by providing reliable efficient monitoring of your emergency
spacing data in this catalogue provides the verification required. evacuation lighting.
3. Declaration of a satisfactory test of operation.

A log of all system tests and results must be maintained.
System log books, with commissioning forms, testing forms
and instructions are available from Eaton.
Maintenance
Finally, to ensure that the system remains at full operational
status, essential servicing should be defined. This normally would
be performed as part of the testing routine, but in the case of
consumable items such as replacement lamps, spares should be
provided for immediate use.
CGLine+ web controller
Eaton can provide a full maintenance service for your emergency
lighting system by fully qualified BAFE registered engineers. For • Intellem
more information, call our service team on 01302 303349.
Designed for use with self-contained emergency
luminaires, Intellem is a stand alone self-test system for small
to medium sized installations. The testing module self
calibrates and carries out testing at predetermined intervals.
Faults are precisely reported by an audible alarm and the
flashing sequence of the LED indicator. For applications where
an audible alarm would be inappropriate, this feature can be
disabled during installation. Intellem has a function which
enables tests of adjacent luminaires to be staggered to avoid
complete loss of emergency cover during the recharge period
after a full discharge test.

11 Technical
System Design Example
A, B, C, F & J
M
X
X
Acid Bath
G
Stage 3
4
Plant Room
Workshop (iv) B
11
C&H H&F
D
X
Office (i) X
Office (iii)
Office (ii)
Stage 3
1
D
Lift
B&E
E&H
Stage 3
2
Lobby
Toilet
Escalator A, B & C
Stage 3 I
3

Technical
System Design Example 11
Example of System Design Wiring Installation
Stage 1 The wiring of emergency luminaires should generally be in
Locate luminaires at points of emphasis on escape route accordance with normal wiring practice (I.E.E. Wiring Regulations),
A At each exit door statutory requirements applicable to the type of building, local
B To illuminate exit and safety signs by-laws and regulations. The supply for self-contained luminaires
C Near call points (some covered by a.) should be taken from the unswitched local light source.
D Near each staircase
E Change of direction (some covered by b.) Cabling used when installing self-contained emergency luminaires
F Near fire fighting equipment (some covered by a.) should be of a similar type to that used for the normal mains
G Change of floor level light. In the event of a fire, if the cabling used for the emergency
H Near intersection of escape routes luminaires has greater protection, there may be a chance of the
I Outside final exits normal lighting failing and the emergency lighting remaining in the
J Near first aid points normal mode (i.e. inoperative). Hence it is recommended that self-
Following this, ensure that the escape route also meets the 1 contained emergency luminaires are wired in PVC insulated cable.
lux minimum.
The supply to self-contained luminaires should be such as to
Stage 2 prevent unauthorised disconnection, but should incorporate
Exit sign location is covered by Stage 1, but it is important to suitable means for simulating a mains failure for test purposes.
check that maximum viewing distances are not exceeded and that The source of supply should be from the same local fuse as the
if the normal lighting is dimmed, e.g. in cinemas, the exit signs normal lighting, so that in the event of a fuse failure causing the
normal lighting to be extinguished, the emergency lighting is
must be permanently illuminated while the building is occupied
(maintained lighting). brought into operation in the same locality. 11
Stage 3
Other areas, which require emergency lighting but are not on the
escape route area.
1 Lift car
2 Toilet (above 8m2 floor area)
3 Escalators
4 Plant room
Stage 4
Check minimum illuminance levels on the escape routes. After
selecting a suitable luminaire, consulting the spacing table shows
the number of fittings needed to provide a minimum of 1 lux on
the centre line of the escape routes.
Stage 5
Anti-panic open areas (X) apply to any areas over 60m2 floor area,
or that have an escape route passing through them.
(i) Office over 60m2
- 3 x Micropoint 2
(ii) Office under 60m2
- no requirement
(iii) Under 60m2, but part of escape route from office
- 2 x Micropoint 2 fittings, either as compartment of escape
route or an open anti-panic area
(iv) Workshop 4m high
- 3 x i-P65 + maintained Alfalux High-bay LED unit for
high risk (m)
Stage 6
High risk lighting requirement for an acid bath (M) is included in
the design for stage 6.
Wiring details

Furnival Building - Sheffield Hallam University
Sheffield
11

Technical
Emergency Lighting Spacing Table 11
To enable photometric designs to be performed as required by • S Factor to compensate for the ageing of lamps during service
BS 5266 pts 1 and BS EN 1838, the following factors need to be life
used to ensure that the worst case conditions are designed for.
The effect of dirt on the diffuser must also be allowed for, so
Initial lamp lumens of the lamp must be de-rated by: an allowance for 20% as recommended by ICEL has been built
• Ballast lumen factor (for emergency circuits, these are into these spacing tables. If the design is being produced on a
independently tested and their % value is shown) computer, similar allowance should be made.
• K Factor for the effect of reduction in supply voltage as the System lumen reduction factors used in the following lumens chart
battery discharges, and of cable voltage drop on central are:
systems
System Type Self-Contained 24 Volt Slave 50 & 110 Volt Slave 230 Volt Inverter Slave
K Factor 0.85 0.65 0.7 0.95
S Factor 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85
When applied with the appropriate K Factors the following Note that lamp lumen depreciation (S factor and factors for
Emergency Lighting Design Lumens (ELDL) for typical fluorescent Luminaire Maintenance Factor LMF should be applied to the
lamps which can be used for calculations: calculation)
QX Range 50 and 110 Volt Slave 230 Volt Inverter Slave

11
Watt Lumen Type BLF ELDL BLF ELDL ELDL
Linear Lamps
14 1200 BQX14 0.14 142 0.43 516 1140
21 1900 HC1 0.10 161 0.43 817 1805
24 1750 HE1 0.08 119 0.30 525 1662
28 2600 HD2 0.08 178 0.41 1066 2470
35 3300 HE1 0.10 280 0.38 1254 3135
49 4300 HE1 0.07 255 0.28 1204 4085
54 4450 HE1 0.05 189 0.23 1023 4227
80 6550 - 0.04 222 0.18 1179 6222
18 1350 BQX 0.10 115 0.44 504 1282
36 3350 BQX 0.09 256 0.33 939 3182
58 5200 CQX 0.06 265 0.24 1060 4940
70 6550 DQX 0.05 278 0.18 1002 6222
Compact Lamps
16-2D 1050 BQX 0.13 100 0.65 892 997
28-D 2050 - - - 0.4 1742 1947
38-2D 2850 - - - 0.33 2422 2070
13-TCD 900 BQX 0.14 107 0.63 567 855
18-TCD 1200 BQX 0.07 71 0.37 1020 1140
26-TCD 1800 HD1 0.06 91 0.42 756 1710
32-TCD 2200 HD1 0.06 112 0.45 990 2090
42-TCD 3200 HD1 0.06 163 0.41 1312 3040
40-TCL 3500 EH 0.05 149 0.25 875 3325
55-TCL 4800 EH 0.04 151 0.21 1008 4560
Design procedure for Converted Mains Lighting Luminaires Use of Spacing Tables with Computer Programs
When normal mains luminaires are converted and utilised for Computer programs can provide accurate values for specific
emergency use, the procedure below should be followed: applications, using data for the exact luminaire, at the precise
mounting height and with the actual emergency lamp output, for
1. The table of emergency lighting design lumens (above), should any luminaire configuration a design can be carried out or validated
be consulted to determine the minimum emergency lamp against BS5266-1: 2011 and EN1838: 2013.
output for the particular lamp/circuit required, for use with either
spacing tables or a computer design program.

11 Technical
Lighting Design Software
Professional lighting design requires detailed luminaire photometric and product design data. Eaton’s advanced photometric facility
produces accurate performance data for all product types and light sources, including LEDs.
Eaton provides its customers with this information in partnership with the leading lighting design software packages to enable accurate
and detailed design to be created.
light simulation tools
11
Relux is a simple and intuitive lighting design software package With simple to use features and powerful photo realistic
which enables you to produce designs efficiently and accurately. visualisations, DIALux is a popular lighting design tool used around
the world.
Construction of rooms, structural elements and the positioning
of luminaires, objects and furniture, is done by a simple library DIALux can import the CAD data from other architecture
driven menu system. A comprehensive selection of materials programmes to support your design and produce wild camera runs
and textures can be allocated to your design elements, adding a through your visualisation.
realistic touch to rendered outputs including the facility to show
effective walk through visualisations of your projects. For more The software package also determines the energy your light
complex designs the import and export functions for 2D dxf and solution requires and supports you in complying with the
dwg files significantly reduce your design time. respective national and international regulations.
Detailed artificial light simulations can be created for interior and For more information and free download of the DIALux software,
outdoor projects based on BS EN 12464-1 and -2, emergency visit www.dial.de
lighting designs based on EN 1838, roads based on EN 13201, and
sports grounds and daylight based on CIE.
Revit Files
Additionally with the Relux energy unit you are able to calculate Eaton is able to offer Revit® friendly Building Information Modeling
the energy performance of the lighting scheme to EN15193 (BIM) models for a wide range of our products. Architects, design-
(LENI). build contractor and surveyors, consulting engineers, and others
are able to integrate Eaton equipment into their drawings with
A comprehensive results list enables you to construct reports ease, and without cost. These product models from Eaton bring
exactly to your client’s needs, from simple basic calculations to seamless integration to your building plan. These are available
full rendered imagery and results tables. directly from our web site from the resources section of our
website.
For more information and free download of the Relux software, For more information and free download of the Revit files, visit
visit www.relux.biz www.cooper-ls.com/revit-files

11

11 Technical
Control Gear Selection
Fluorescent Control Gear Selection

Most fluorescent luminaires detailed in this catalogue are available
with a choice of control gear. There are four main electrical circuits
to choose from, each with its own particular advantages.
Switch Start DALI

This is the simplest circuit and therefore most economical to This circuit has the advantages of digital high frequency dimming
purchase where the capital cost of the installation has to be but with the additional advantages that each ballast can be
kept to a minimum. The circuit consists of magnetic copper/iron individually addressed allowing lighting control systems to
ballast, a capacitor and a glow starter canister. It is very important communicate commands to individual luminaires. It is also possible
to replace defective starters to prevent gear overheating and for the lighting control system to interrogate and receive feedback
damage. It is recommended that the starter is replaced whenever from each individual ballast.
a new lamp is installed. This circuit type is available for many of
the luminaires listed in this catalogue. DALI circuits are able to have a maximum of 64 DALI components
on any single loop and a maximum cable length of 300 metres.
High Frequency
This circuit uses the latest electronic technology to give substantial Note: Switch/electronic start control gear should not be mixed on
benefits to the user. It provides all the benefits of electronic start, the same circuit as high frequency gear, as damage can result to
flicker free soft starting, extended lamp life, improved lumen the high frequency ballasts.
11 maintenance and automatic shutdown of failed lamps. In addition
Note: Luminaires supplied with dedicated controls may be
the lamp is driven at high frequency, offering an instant energy
saving of approximately 20% over the other circuits, using exactly dependent on the specific controls used, fitted with either digital
the same lamps. High frequency circuits run at near unity power high frequency regulating or DALI control gear.
factor, reducing VA load and therefore cutting the electricity
costs of users on maximum demand tariffs. Additionally, the light LED Drivers
is perfectly flicker free. Flicker free lighting greatly reduces the LED luminaires require control devices referred to as drivers. These
incidence of headaches and eye strain, eliminates distractions and can provide a constant current to the LED or can be constant
thus improves workplace quality and productivity. For production voltage. These drivers are electronic circuits and care should be
areas, high frequency lighting prevents the dangerous stroboscopic used to ensure that the correct type of driver is used. It is also
effects often experienced with switch start and electronic start important to ensure that a driver with the correct drive current and
circuits, when using rotating machinery. High frequency lighting is voltage is selected to ensure optimum operation of the LED.
also completely silent in operation.
LED Drivers can be supplied with fixed output, DALI, and 1-10 volt
1-10 Volt Analogue operations.
This circuit has all the advantages of high frequency, but with the
added benefit of being able to dim and brighten (regulate) the Please contact our technical support and applications department
lamps. The light regulation is by a separate pair of conductors for further information.
which can regulate the lamp lumen output by either supplying a
1-10 volt signal or by a potentiometer. This circuit can therefore be
used for lighting and energy management systems. As lamps are
dimmed, either manually or automatically, such as in response to
an increase in daylight detected by a photocell, the ballast energy
consumption is reduced. Therefore, further energy saving cost
benefits can be realised.
Digital High Frequency Regulating

This circuit has all the advantages of high frequency, but with
the added benefit of being able to dim and brighten (regulate)
the lamps. This circuit is therefore used for lighting and energy
management systems. As lamps are dimmed, either manually
or automatically such as in response to an increase in daylight
detected by a photocell, the ballast energy consumption is
reduced. Therefore, further energy saving cost benefits can be
realised. Digital regulating ballasts also provide precision control
of light output, superior to that experienced with conventional
analogue regulating ballast types.

Liverpool ONE
Liverpool
11

11 Technical
Lamp Data
Fluorescent Lamps
Designation Nominal Colour Colour Colour Rendering Initial Rated Life Lumen Maintenance.
Cat ILCOS ZVEI Watts (W) Dimensions (mm) Cap Temp (K) Appearance Index/Group Lumens (Im) (50% Survivors) At Rated Life
T5 High Efficiency (HE)
T5 FDH T16 14 L 550 x Dia 16 G5 4000 Cool white 85/1B 1200 16000 hr 95%
T5 High Output (HO)
T5 FDH T16 73 L 1450 X Dia 16 G5 4000 Cool white 85/1B 6550 21000 hr 95%
T5 Circular
T5 FCH T16R 22 Dia 230 2GX13 4000 Cool white 85/1B 1800 16000 hr 95%
T8 Triphosphor
T8 FD T26 18 L 600 x Dia 26 G13 4000 Cool white 85/1B 1350 14000 hr 95%
11 T8 FD T26 58 L 1500 x Dia 26 G13 4000 Cool white 85/1B 5200 14000 hr 95%
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Designation Nominal Colour Colour Colour Rendering Initial Rated Life Lumen Maintenance
Cat ILCOS ZVEI Watts (W) Dimensions (mm) Cap Temp (K) Appearance Index/Group Lumens (Im) (50% Survivors) At Rated Life
COMPACT FLUORESCENT
2D Type
2D FSS TC-DD 16 140 x 140 GR10q-4 2700 Tungsten white 82/1B 1050 10000 hr 75%
2D FSS TC-DD 28 205 x 205 GR10q-4 3500 White 82/1B 2050 10000 hr 75%
D Type
TC-D FSQ TC-D 13 L 131 x W 27 G24d-1 4000 Cool white 85/1B 900 10000 hr 80%
D/E Type
TC-D FSQ TC-DEL 13 L 131 x W 27 G24q-1 4000 Cool white 85/1B 900 12000 hr 80%
T/E Type
TC-T FSM TC-TEL 32 L 142 x W 56 GX24q-3 4000 Cool white 85/1B 2200 12000 hr 80%
TC-T FSM TC-TEL 42 L 159 x W 56 GX24q-4 4000 Cool white 85/1B 3200 12000 hr 80%
L Type
TC-L FSD TC-L 18 L 217 x W 38 2G11 4000 Cool white 85/1B 1250 10000 hr 80%

Technical
Lamp Data 11
LED light sources
Unlike conventional lamps it is normal for LED luminaires to An example would be L70B50 at 50,000 hours, meaning that at
use “absolute” photometry, this means that the light from the 50,000 hours 50% of the LEDs in a batch will have an output equal
luminaire will be stated in lumens and the light output ratio (LOR) to or greater than 70% of the initial lumen value.
ratio of the luminaire will be 100%. Care should be taken to ensure
that if comparing LED luminaires that “like for like” data format is
Note: That all Eaton LED luminaires are tested and published as
used, or allowed for in assessing the performance of the luminaire.
absolute photometry.
Additionally LED life can often be misunderstood as LED life is

not normally based on failure, but the level of lumen reduction
for a certain period in time. This is referred to as (Lx) at a stated
operational period. Unless stated this will mean that 50% of
the LEDs in a batch will be greater than this level of lumen
depreciation.
11

11 Technical
IP and IK Rating
The International Protection code, sometimes called the Ingress

Protection code, classifies the protection given by an enclosure
against the touching of live parts, contact with moving parts
and protection against the ingress of foreign solid bodies. It
additionally specifies protection against the harmful ingress of
moisture or liquids. Two digits are used to describe its protection
rating, called the IP code.
First Digit - Protection against solid objects Second Digit - Protection against liquids
No protection 0 No protection
Protection against large sized bodies e.g, hands 1 Protection against vertically falling drops of water
Protection against medium sized bodies e.g, fingers 2 Protection against drops of water up to 15° from the vertical (drip proof)
Protection against small bodies, 2.5mm dia. or greater e.g, tools, 3 Protection against rain falling up to 60° from the vertical (rain proof)
wires
Protection against very small bodies, 1mm dia. or greater 4 Protection against splashed water from any angle (splash proof)
Protection against harmful deposits of dust (dust proof) 5 Protection against jets of water from any angle (jet proof)
Complete protection against deposits of dust (dust tight) 6 Protection against water from heavy seas e.g, water tight for marine
deck use
11 7 Protected against immersion for a defined period
8 Protected against immersion for an indefinite period
The IK code when applied to a luminaire indicates the degree of

protection against mechanical impact. The range of IK runs from
IK00 (no protection) up to IK10 protection to 20 joules. A joule is
the unit of work energy. A newton is the unit of force that causes
an acceleration of 1m/s/s to a mass of 1kg. 1J = 1N x 1m.
1K Protection

00 No Protection
20
0g
7.5 cm
01 Impact Energy 0.150J
20
0g
10 cm
20
0g
17.5 cm
20
0g
25 cm
20
0g
35 cm
50
0g
20 cm
50
0g
07 40 cm
Impact Energy 2.00J
1.7
kg

29.5 cm
5k
g
20 cm
5k
g

40 cm

Technical
Building Regulations 11
When specifying luminaires, legislation, as defined by the Building The following information is provided on the limitation of use
Regulations, must be considered to ensure that the installation of thermoplastic (TP) materials in other ceiling types (except
meets with current requirements. The two most relevant pieces protected stairways):
of legislation contained within the Building Regulations are:
• Diffusers classified as TPa construction have no restriction on
• Conservation of fuel and power, which includes limits on the extent of use
energy efficiency of lighting in domestic and non-domestic • Diffusers classified as TPb construction have limitations on size,
buildings. total area coverage and spacing between diffusers
• Fire Safety, which includes the requirements for emergency In areas with general ceiling types, except protected stairways,
lighting and provisions for the use of thermoplastic materials, the requirements can be met most simply by specifying TPa
such as luminaire diffusers. Included below is a brief guide to classification diffusers when using recessed luminaires. TPb
each of these documents. materials can be used, but will require careful reference to Part B
and calculation to ensure the regulations are complied with in full.
It should be noted that these documents are specific for each part All recessed luminaires with diffusers in this catalogue have TPa
of the UK, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, and you should classification materials as standard or as an option.
refer to the relevant versions for the project.
It is strongly recommended that reference be made to the current
The latest information and requirements can be obtained by edition of Approved Documents, to ensure compliance with
contacting our technical support and application department. the latest requirements. Information is available online from the
A list of recommended websites is also included below. relevant authority.
Consideration of fuel and power Additional Considerations

11
This requires that energy efficient lighting be used in all There are many schemes both nationally and locally in operation,
buildings. The regulations currently apply to all new buildings and offering advice and financial support to end users, such as the
refurbishments of over 100m2 floor area. The document provides Carbon Trust Implementation Scheme. This can provide full
design information in non-domestic buildings. surveys, introductions to approved designers and installers and
facilitate finance through the scheme.
The 2014 version now provides two ways to provide the energy
information during the design stage. Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECA)
This allows companies to claim 100% first year capital allowances
Option 1 is based on the installed load and uses the metric of on investments that meet the ECA product criteria.
luminaire lumens per circuit Watts for office, industrial and storage
areas. Lamp lumens per circuit Watts are used for all other areas. Product groups eligible for ECAs are published in the Energy
There is a small allowance for display lighting where relevant. Technology List at www.eca.gov.uk.
Option 2 is a simplified version of EN15193 known as LENI Currently Lighting products are listed in three categories, however
(Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator). This is based on an energy it is planned to incorporate LED in to the HELU:
consumption model with actual usage targets for a selection of
areas and operating hours in Kwh/m2 per annum. • HELU High Efficient Lighting Units
• Lighting Controls
The requirements can be met by selecting an efficient lamp, • White LED
control gear and luminaire performance combination, along with
lighting controls that make maximum use of daylight and avoid Luminaires must meet minimum efficiency standards calculated as
unnecessary lighting during times when spaces are unoccupied. luminaire lumens per circuit watts, as these minimum values are
subject to variation the latest information should be checked on
Solutions include using high frequency dimmable control the ECA Scheme website www.eca.gov.uk.
gear linked to photocells to provide constant illumination and
daylight linking. Intelligent luminaires, such as Intellect, provide Luminaire efficiency ratings for Eaton luminaires are available by
a straightforward solution to providing lighting control with user contacting our technical support and application department.
selectable functionality.
Note: that due to the wide variation in luminaires these are not
It is strongly recommended that reference be made to the current individually listed as products but are self-certified against the
edition of Approved Document L, to ensure compliance with the energy criteria calculation.
latest requirements. Full details of Part L can be found on
www.communities.gov.uk, or alternatively, a direct web address Useful Website Addresses
would be www.planningportal.gov.uk/buildingregulations.
www.communities.gov.uk - Building Regulations
www.eca.gov.uk - Enhanced Capital Allowances
Fire safety regulations
www.thecarbontrust.co.uk - Promotion of low carbon
Includes the fire safety requirements for emergency lighting and technologies/energy efficiency
the use of thermoplastic materials. The impact on emergency www.defra.gov.uk - Climate Change Levy
lighting of Approved Documents defines the provisions that apply www.bis.gov.uk - Department of Business, Energy
to the use of luminaire diffusers, which form part of the ceiling. It and Industrial Strategy
should be noted that surface mounted and suspended luminaires
are not currently covered by the regulations.
Luminaire with diffusers must not be used in fire protecting or fire

resisting ceilings, unless satisfactorily tested as part of the ceiling
system.

11 Technical
Glossary of Terms
Absolute Photometry the science and art of lighting.

Absolute photometer treats the luminaire as the effective light source, this
means that the light output ratio of the luminaire will always be 100% and it Class 0 Luminaire (Applicable To Ordinary Luminaires Only)
will be the value of the actual lumens which will be stated. Luminaire in which protection against electric shock relies upon basic
insulation. This implies that there are no means for the connection of
Activity Area accessible conductive parts, if any, to the protective conductor in the fixed
Area within which a specific activity is carried out. wiring of the installation, reliance in the event of a failure of the basic
insulation being placed on the environment.
Anti-Panic (Open) Area Lighting
Class I Luminaire
The part of Emergency Escape Lighting provided to avoid panic and provide
illumination allowing people to reach a place where an escape route can be Luminaire in which protection against electric shock does not rely on basic
identified. insulation only, but which includes an additional safety precaution in such a
way that means are provided for the connection of accessible conductive
Background Area parts to the protective (earthing) conductor in the fixed wiring of the
installation in such a way that accessible conductive parts cannot become
Area adjacent to the immediate surrounding area.
live in the event of a failure of the basic insulation.
BAFE
Class II Luminaire
British Approvals for Fire Equipment. Single registration scheme for each
Luminaire in which protection against electric shock does not rely on basic
product or service within the fire protection industry. SP203-4 is a modular
insulation only, but in which additional safety precautions such as double
scheme for the design installation commissioning and maintenance of
insulation or reinforced insulation are provided, there being no provision for
emergency lighting systems.
protective earthing or reliance upon installation conditions.
11 Ballast
Class III Luminaire
The component that controls the operation of a lamp from a specified low
Luminaire in which protection against electric shock relies on supply at
or high voltage AC or DC source (Typically between 12 and 240 volts).
safety extra-low voltage (SELV) and in which voltages higher than those of
SELV are not generated.
Ballast Lumen Factor
The ratio of the light output of the lamp in emergency operation compared Colour Rendering Index (CRI)
with the light output of the same lamp operated by a reference ballast at its
A measure of the degree to which the appearance of a surface colour under
rated voltage and frequency.
a given light source compares to the same surface under a CIE reference
source. The index has a maximum value of 100.
Battery
Secondary cells providing the source of power during mains failure. Colour Shift
The change in a lamp’s correlated color temperature (CCT) at 40% of the
Battery - Recombination
lamp’s rated life, in Kelvin (K).
A battery that is designed to recombine the electrolyte, constructed so
that no provision is made for replacement of electrolyte (sometimes called Colour Stability
sealed).
The ability of a lamp or light source to maintain its color rendering and color
appearance properties over its life. The color properties of some discharge
Battery - Vented
light sources may tend to shift over the life of the lamp
A battery that requires replacement of electrolyte at regular intervals.
Colour Temperature (CCT)
Battery Capacity
All materials emit light when heated (e .g, metal glows red through to white
The discharge capability of a battery, being a product of average current as the temperature increases). The temperature to which a full radiator (or
and time, expressed as Ampere-hours (Ah) over a stated duration. Note: At ‘black body’) would be heated to achieve the same chromaticity (colour
fast rates of discharge the full ampere hour capacity of the battery is not quality) of the light source being considered, defines the correlated colour
available. temperature of the lamp, quoted in degrees Kelvin.
Borrowed Light Combined Emergency Luminaire

Light obtained from an adjacent reliable source that is expected to be A luminaire containing two or more lamps, at least one of which is
available at all material times. energised from the emergency supply and the remainder from the normal
supply (If the emergency lamp is only illuminated in a mains failure condition
Candela (cd) this luminaire is regarded for fire authority approval as non-maintained).
The unit of luminous intensity.
Competent Person
Central Battery System A person having suitable knowledge, qualifications and experience to
A system in which the batteries for a number of emergency luminaires undertake the required role.
are housed in one location. Usually for all the emergency luminaires on
one lighting sub-circuit, but sometimes for all emergency luminaires in a Compound Self-contained Emergency Luminaire
complete building. Self-contained luminaire providing maintained or non-maintained emergency
lighting and also providing emergency supply for operating a satellite
Centrally Supplied Emergency Luminaire luminaire.
Luminaire for maintained or non-maintained operation which is energized
from a central emergency power system that is not contained within the Design Voltage
luminaire. The voltage declared by the manufacturer to which all the ballast
characteristics are related.
CIE
Abbreviated as CIE from its French title Commission Internationale de Disability Glare
l’Eclairage, the International Commission on Illumination is a technical, Glare produced directly or by reflection, that obscures or impairs vision of an
scientific, and cultural organization devoted to international cooperation and object, but does not necessarily cause any discomfort.
exchange of information among its member countries on matters relating to

Technical
Glossary of Terms 11
Discomfort Glare Immediate Surrounding Area
Glare which causes visual discomfort. Band surrounding the task area within the field of visual field.
Downward Light Output Ratio (DLOR) Ingress Protection (IP) Number

The ratio of luminaire light output below the horizontal, compared with total Number Classification of the degree of protection a luminaire provides
lamp light output. against the entry of solid foreign bodies and moisture.
Extra Low Voltage (ELV) Isolux Diagram

Voltage which does not exceed 50 V a.c. r.m.s. or 120 V ripple free d.c. Diagram showing contours of equal illuminance.
between conductors, or between any conductor and earth (voltage band I of
IEC 60449). K Factor
The ratio of the light output from the lamp in its worst condition, normally
Emergency Ballast Lumen Factor (EBLF) at end of discharge and with any cable volt drop, to the output at nominal
Ratio of the luminous flux of the lamp, operated with ballast under test, at voltage.
the lowest voltage which may occur during emergency mode, after failure
of the normal supply (for the appropriate start time for the application Lamp Life
requirement) and continuously to the end of rated duration of operation, to The number of hours at which half of a large group of lamps have failed
the luminous flux of the same lamp operated with the appropriate reference when operated under standard testing conditions.
ballast supplied at its rated voltage and frequency.
Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD)
Emergency Exit
The reduction in lamp light output that progressively occurs during lamp life.
The way out of a building, which is intended to be used at any time whilst Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor (LLMF)
the premises are occupied. The proportion of light output of a lamp after a stated period, compared with 11
initial lumen output.
Emergency Lighting
The lighting provided for use when the supply to the normal mains lighting Lamp Survival Factor (LSF)
installation fails. The proportion of functioning lamps in an installation after a stated period .
Emergency Safety Lighting (Stay-put Emergency Lighting) LED Bin

The part of emergency lighting that provides illumination for the safety of Is a restricted range of LED performance characteristics used to delimit
people staying in a premises when the supply to the normal lighting fails. a subset of LED dies or LED packages near a nominal LED performance
as identified by chromaticity, photometric, radiometric and/or electrical
Emergency Luminaire Rated Luminous Flux characteristics?
Lumen output as claimed by the luminaire manufacturer, 60s (0.5s for high-
risk task-area luminaires) after failure of the normal supply, and continuously LED module
maintained to the end of rated duration of operation. LED light source having no cap, incorporating one or more LED package(s)
on a printed circuit board, and possibly including one or more of the
Escape Route Lighting following: electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal components,
Lighting provided to ensure that the means of escape can be effectively interfaces and control gear.
identified and safely used when a location is occupied.
LENI
Final Exit Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator (EN15193) standard for determining the
The terminal point of an escape route, beyond which point persons are no energy requirements for lighting.
longer in danger from fire or any other hazard requiring evacuation of the
building. Lighting control system
A system consisting of devices that control the supply of electrical energy
Glare to the lighting installation to adjust the light output.
The discomfort or disability that occurs when there is an excessive change
of luminance in the field of vision. Light Loss Factor (LLF)
See Maintenance Factor
High Risk Task Area Lighting
Emergency lighting provided to ensure the safety of people involved in Light Output Ratio (LOR)
a potentially dangerous process or situation and to enable proper shut The ratio of the total light output of a luminaire, compared with total lamp
down procedures for the safety of the operator and other occupants of the light output.
premises.
LM-79
Housing 850°C Test
The approved method by IES for making photometric measurement of LED
Mandatory test for emergency luminaires used on escape routes, to light products. LM-79 measures total luminous flux, luminous intensity
establish that materials do not burn at given temperature. distribution, electrical power, efficacy and color characteristics (chromaticity,
Self-extinguishing grades of plastic must be used, or alternatively glass and/ CCT, and CRI).
or steel.
LM-80
ICEL 1001 Registration
A measurement standard developed by IES which allows user to evaluate
The industry standard for the approval of photometric performance and and compare the lumen maintenance of LED components from different
claimed data of emergency lighting equipment, which is tested by the manufacturer at standard operating condition. LED packages, arrays or LED
British Standards Institute. modules can be tested at three junction temperatures typically at 55°C,
85°C & manufacturer specified temperature for 6000 hours. The approved
Impact Protection method of measuring lumen maintenance is only for LED light source not
Number classification of the degree of protection a luminaire provides complete luminaire.
against mechanical impact.

11 Technical
Glossary of Terms
Lumen (lm) the equation PF = (active power) / [(rms voltage) x (rms current)]. Phase
The unit of luminous flux used to describe the quantity of light emitted by a displacement and current distortion both reduce power factor. A power
source or received by a surface. factor of 0.9 or greater indicates a high power factor.
Luminaire Practical Emergency Lamp Flux (PELF)
Apparatus which distributes the light given by a lamp or lamps, including all Lowest luminous flux of the lamp observed during the rated duration of the
the items necessary for fixing and protecting the lamps and for connecting emergency mode (unit: lumens).
them to the electrical supply .
Pulse-Width Modulation
Luminaire Maintenance Factor (LMF) Operating a light source by very rapidly (faster than can be detected visually)
The proportion of light output from a luminaire with dirt deposition after a switching it on and off to achieve intermediate values of average light
stated period, compared with the initial light output when clean. output; the frequency and the duty cycle (percentage of time the source is
switched on) are important parameters in the modulation.
Luminance (cd/m2)
Rated Duration
The perceived brightness of a surface, measured by the intensity of light
emitted or reflected from a surface area in a given direction. The manufacturers declared duration for a battery operated emergency
lighting unit, specifying the time for which it will operate after mains failure.
Luminous Efficacy (lm/W) This may be for any reasonable period, but is normally one or three hours
(when fully charged).
The ratio of light emitted, to the power consumed by a lamp.
Rated Load
Luminous Flux (lm)
The maximum load which may be connected to the system which will be
The total light emitted by a lamp, measured in lumens.
11 supplied for the rated duration
Luminous Intensity (cd)
Rated median useful life
The power of a light source or illuminated surface to emit light in a given
The length of time during which 50% (B50) of a population of operating LED
direction, measured in candela
luminaires of the same type have parametrically failed, under d=standard
test conditions as declared by the manufacture.
Lux
The unit of illuminance, equal to one lumen per square metre (lm/m2). Re-charge Period
The time necessary for the batteries to regain sufficient capacity to achieve
MacAdam Ellipse
their rated duration.
Is an elliptical region on the CIE chromaticity diagram, the boundaries of
the ellipse containing all the colours that look to the average human eye Relative Photometry
identical to the center point of the ellipse? By viewing the adjacent ellipses
Relative photometry measures the total lumen output of the bare test lamp,
which just show a difference it is possible to define a number of steps from
this/these lamps are then installed in to the luminaire to be measured and
the center of the first ellipse an acceptable level of “colour variation” to
the ratio of the lumen output between the bare lamp(s) and the luminaire
the average human eye. These slight colour differences in the appearance
is the Light Output Ratio. Fluorescent manufacturers commonly test
are measured in MacAdam ellipses or steps, typically for good colour
conventional light sources as relative photometry as it cannot be predicted
consistency 3 steps would be typical required.
what ballast and light source will be installed. Some LED manufacturers will
also quote efficacies at chip level, which can be misleading.
Maintained Emergency Luminaire
A luminaire containing one or more lamps, all of which operate from the Remote Inhibiting Mode
normal supply or from the emergency supply at all material times.
State of a self-contained emergency luminaire which is inhibited from
operating by a remote device while the normal supply is on and in case of
Maintenance Factor (MF)
a normal supply failure the luminaire does not change-over to emergency
The ratio of the illuminance provided by an installation at a stated period, mode.
compared to the installation when new. Calculated as a product of lamp
lumen, lamp survival, luminaire and room surface maintenance factors. Responsible Person
See lighting design guide, page 532.
Delegated individual who is responsible for provision and operation of
appropriate emergency escape lighting.
Mounting Height
The vertical distance between the luminaire and the working plane. Note: Rest Mode
For emergency lighting the floor is always taken to be the working plane.
State of a self-contained emergency luminaire that has been intentionally
extinguished while the normal supply is off and that, in the event of
Non-Maintained Emergency Luminaire
restoration of the normal supply, automatically reverts to normal mode.
A luminaire containing one or more lamps, which operate from the
emergency supply only upon failure of the normal mains supply. Room Index
Index defining the relationship between the height, length and width of a
Photopic
room. Used for illuminance calculations.
Vision mediated essentially or exclusively by the cones. It is generally
associated with adaptation to a luminance of at least 3.4 cd/m2. Room Surface Maintenance Factor (RSMF)
The proportion of illuminance provided by a lighting installation with dirt
Place of Safety
deposition on the room surfaces after a stated period, compared with the
Place in which persons are in no danger. illuminance when the room was clean.
Power Factor Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV)

The ratio of active power (in watts) to apparent power (in rms volt-amperes), ELV in a circuit which is insulated from the mains supply by an insulation
power factor is a measure of how effectively an electric load converts power not less than that between the primary and secondary circuits of a safety
into useful work. Power factor (PF) is calculated using isolating transformer according to IEC 61558-2-6 or equivalent

Technical
Glossary of Terms 11
Self-Contained Emergency Luminaire Uniformity
A luminaire or sign providing maintained or non-maintained emergency The ratio between minimum illuminance (or luminance) to average
lighting, in which all the elements such as battery, the lamp and the control illuminance (or luminance), usually measured at the working plane.
unit are contained within the housing or within 1 metre of the housing .
Upward Light Output Ratio (ULOR)
Slave Luminaire The ratio of luminaire light output above the horizontal, compared with total
An emergency luminaire without its own batteries, which is designed to lamp light output.
work in conjunction with a central battery system.
Utilance (U)
Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR) The proportion of luminous flux emitted by a luminaire which reaches the
The ratio of the distance between luminaire centres in relation to their working plane.
height above the working plane. Maximum spacing to height ratio (SHRmax)
is the maximum spacing of an array of luminaires that will achieve a ratio of Utilisation Factor (UF)
min/max direct illuminance of at least 0 .7 . The proportion of luminous flux emitted by a lamp (or lamps) which reaches
the working plane.
Standby Lighting
The part of emergency lighting which may be provided to enable normal Visual Display Terminal (VDT)
activities to continue in the event of a mains supply failure. Computer monitors.
Standby Power
The electrical power from the mains supply consumed by the luminaire
under normal operating conditions with the light source switched off via a
control signal. 11
Sustained Emergency Luminaire
See combined emergency luminaire.

11 Technical
Index - By Product Name
Product Catalogue Series Page No Product Catalogue Series Page No

4Industry FIN 203 DRG DRG 326
ACM1 ACM1 366
Aethon AET 248 EasiCheck Slave EC 410
AG Bulkhead / LED AG / AGL 318 Economy AC/DC SLA 392
Alfalux Highbay LED HLLED 200 Eurolite EURO, NEURO 314
Atlantic / Atlantic Plus AT, ATP 310 Evoled IC 342
Exit SE SE / SEL 346
Balka BLK 27
Beamlite BEN 354 Fairlite SG, RG 323
Bijou / Bijou LED BJ 126 Floodlighting Columns COL, COLF, COLD 267
Bijou IP54 / LED BJ 328 FS3 FS3 161
Emergency
Briteblade BB 340 Galaxy LED GLL 254
Britelite BL 298 Galaxy Minor GA 256
Britesign 2 BS 338 Gemini Junior LED GMRJL 356
Gladiator GLR 260
Caius CB 122 Gladiator LED GLR 258
Caton TBC 31 GR5 GR5 164
Cercla CE 129 Groupmaster Detectors IH, IP, IM 428
11 CGLine+ 40071361 277
Chatham CHA 242 Halo-Pack2 HPLED 296
Chevin LED CHP 83 Hazardous Area Products VARIOUS 235
Chevin T5 CHPL 87
Compact AC/AC AC500VA/M3 405 i-P65 IP65 305
Connect Wiring System CL 442 i-P65+ IP65P 300
Convertalite CQX 359
Convertapack CP 364 Inrush limiter PCL16A 454
Cornell CNL 33 Integrated Sensors ISM, ILS, ILX, IP 434
Crompack 5 CP 109 Intellem IL 283
Crompack Diffusers CPC, CPD 112 Intelligent Lighting System ILS 419
Crompack LED CXL 102 (BUS)
Crompack LED Reflector CXL 106
Crompack LED+ CXP 98 Kachina KCA 72
Crompack Rack Reflectors RLR 116
Crompack Reflectors & CR, CRG, CRA, CRGA, 114 Laserline LL, LLE, LLC 77
Guards CPG LED Controls LS 448
CrystalWay LUM 350 LED Driver Selection LS 444
Ledus 16 O-LEDUS16 308
St.Pancras Railway Station

London

Technical
Index - By Product Name 11
Product Catalogue Series Page No Product Catalogue Series Page No
Legendlite LED LLED 352 RXS Mini RXS1 142
Lighting Control Module LCM 438 RXS Trimless Gimbal RXS1M 144
Linergy II LNA, LNR 191
Linergy LED LNL 180 Sintralite SN 316
Linergy LED+ LNP 174 SMCB SMBC 368
Linergy LED+ Square LNP 186 Solstar FR SFD 155
Litex Elite LTE 168 Solstar LED SLD 152
Loadstar AC/AC Systems SLR 395 Strada STB, STS,STR 263
Loadstar AC/DC Systems AC_KVA 385 SVN SVN 120
Lowbay LMXL 198 Switch Tripping Units ST,FST, FSLRT 408
LSN Recessed LSN 39
Taliska TAL 23
Manual Dimming LSCDPB 432 Taliska P TALP 25
Maxipower MP 364 Terzetto TER 35
Micropoint 2 High Output MP2H 293 TFL TFP 362
Micropoint 2 Recessed MP2 285 Tufflite LED TXL 215
Micropoint 2 Surface MP2S 289 Tufflite LED+ TXP 210
Microwave Sensor IM 436 Tufflite TFC IP66 TFC 227
Modulay ML 61 Tufflite TFW IP66 TFC 223
Modulay DI MDI 55
11
Modulay Pack MPD 64 Varsity LED VYLP 80
Moduseal 2 MS2 42 Velos O-ESP 335
Moduspec MS2 51 VersaLite VSL 219
Moduspec T5 MSF,MSP 47 VersaPanel VSTP 58
Montaine Circular HB 194 VIA8 VIA8 344
Montaine Rack R 196 Vienza /Vienza LED VS, VR 331
Emergency
New Safe Ex SX 348 Vienza/ Vienza LED VS, VR 245
Vistral VS, VR 312
Pacemaker 2 PM 207
Patriot 2 / LED P2 231 Wavelite 2 WL2 95
Pello PEL 70 Wavelite LED WL 91
Reef RE 132 Zetalite 4 ZE4 320

Rengo REN 29
RXD RXD 148
RXS 2 RXS2 138

11 Technical
Index - By Product Code
Catalogue Series Product Page No Catalogue Series Product Page No

40071361 CGLine+ 277 EC EasiCheck Slave 410
EURO, NEURO Eurolite 314
AC_KVA Loadstar AC/DC Systems 385
AC500VA/M3 Compact AC/AC 405 FIN 4Industry 203
ACM1 ACM1 366 FS3 FS3 161
AET Aethon 248
AG / AGL AG Bulkhead / LED 318 GA Galaxy Minor 256
AT, ATP Atlantic / Atlantic Plus 310 GLL Galaxy LED 254
GLR Gladiator 260
BB Briteblade 340 GLR Gladiator LED 258
BEN Beamlite 354 GMRJL Gemini Junior LED 356
BJ Bijou / Bijou LED 126 GR5 GR5 164
BJ Bijou IP54 / LED 328
Emergency HB Montaine Circular 194
BL Britelite 298 HLLED Alfalux Highbay LED 200
BLK Balka 27 HPLED Halo-Pack2 296
BS Britesign 2 338
IC Evoled 342
CB Caius 122 IH, IP, IM Groupmaster Detectors 428
11 CE Cercla 129 IL Intellem 283
CHA Chatham 242 ILS Intelligent Lighting System 419
CHP Chevin LED 83 (BUS)
CHPL Chevin T5 87 IM Microwave Sensor 436
CL Connect Wiring System 442 IP65 i-P65 305
CNL Cornell 33 IP65P i-P65+ 300
COL, COLF, COLD Floodlighting Columns 267 ISM, ILS, ILX, IP Integrated Sensors 434
CP Convertapack 364
CP Crompack 5 109 KCA Kachina 72
CPC, CPD Crompack Diffusers 112
CQX Convertalite 359 LCM Lighting Control Module 438
CR, CRG, CRA, CRGA, Crompack Reflectors & 114 LL, LLE, LLC Laserline 77
CPG Guards LLED Legendlite LED 352
CXL Crompack LED 102 LMXL Lowbay 198
CXL Crompack LED Reflector 106 LNA, LNR Linergy II 191
CXP Crompack LED+ 98 LNL Linergy LED 180
LNP Linergy LED+ 174
DRG DRG 326 LNP Linergy LED+ Square 186
LS LED Controls 448
Huddersfield Leisure Centre

Huddersfield

Technical
Index - By Product Code 11
Catalogue Series Product Page No Catalogue Series Product Page No
LS LED Driver Selection 444 SLA Economy AC/DC 392
LSCDPB Manual Dimming 432 SLD Solstar LED 152
LSN LSN Recessed 39 SLR Loadstar AC/AC Systems 395
LTE Litex Elite 168 SMBC SMCB 368
LUM CrystalWay 350 SN Sintralite 316
ST,FST, FSLRT Switch Tripping Units 408
MDI Modulay DI 55 STB, STS,STR Strada 263
ML Modulay 61 SVN SVN 120
MP Maxipower 364 SX New Safe Ex 348
MP2 Micropoint 2 Recessed 285
MP2H Micropoint 2 High Output 293 TAL Taliska 23
MP2S Micropoint 2 Surface 289 TALP Taliska P 25
MPD Modulay Pack 64 TBC Caton 31
MS2 Moduseal 2 42 TER Terzetto 35
MS2 Moduspec 51 TFC Tufflite TFC IP66 227
MSF,MSP Moduspec T5 47 TFC Tufflite TFW IP66 223
TFP TFL 362
O-ESP Velos 335 TXL Tufflite LED 215
O-LEDUS16 Ledus 16 308 TXP Tufflite LED+ 210
11
P2 Patriot 2 / LED 231 VARIOUS Hazardous Area Products 235
PCL16A Inrush limiter 454 VIA8 VIA8 344
PEL Pello 70 VS, VR Vienza /Vienza LED 331
PM Pacemaker 2 207 Emergency
VS, VR Vienza/ Vienza LED 245
R Montaine Rack 196 VS, VR Vistral 312
RE Reef 132 VSL VersaLite 219
REN Rengo 29 VSTP VersaPanel 58
RLR Crompack Rack Reflectors 116 VYLP Varsity LED 80
RXD RXD 148
RXS1 RXS Mini 142 WL Wavelite LED 91
RXS1M RXS Trimless Gimbal 144 WL2 Wavelite 2 95
RXS2 RXS 2 138
ZE4 Zetalite 4 320
SE / SEL Exit SE 346
SFD Solstar FR 155
SG, RG Fairlite 323

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Burj Khalifa
Dubai, UAEl
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
University of York
York, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
University of Durham,
Durham, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
1 and 2 New Ludgate

London, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Emporio Armani
London, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Arsenal Emirates Stadium

London, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Gleneagles Spa
Scotland, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Go Air
Cardiff, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Edinburgh International Conference Centre

Edinburgh, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Liverpool ONE
Liverpool
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
123 Victoria Street

London, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Wood Green Theatre,

London, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Speedo Head Office

Nottingham, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Atlantis, The Palm

Dubai, UAE
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Horizon Centre, Torbay Hospital

Devon, UK
11

11 Technical
Notes
11

Technical
Notes 11
Dubai Financial Exchange Gate

Dubai, UAE
11

11 Technical
Contact Details
Eaton products are available through a network of stockists, backed up by extensive stocks held at our Doncaster site. For assistance in
specifying and ordering products, or to obtain further information, please contact the appropriate department below:
UK Sales Enquiries International Sales Enquiries

Tel: +44 1302 303303 Tel: +44 1302 303250
Fax: +44 1302 367155 Fax: +44 1302 303251
E-mail: LightingSalesUK@Eaton.com E-mail: ExportUK@Eaton.com
Technical Support and Application - Lighting Quotations - Lighting

Tel: +44 1302 303240 Tel: +44 1302 303234
Fax: +44 1302 303219 Fax: +44 1302 303235
E-mail: LightingTechnicalUK@Eaton.com E-mail: QuotesUK@Eaton.com
Technical Support and Quotations - Central Systems Request for Visit/Contact by a Sales Engineer
Tel: +44 1302 303317 Tel: +44 1302 303303
Fax: +44 1302 367155 Fax: +44 1302 367155
E-mail: CBUsystemsUK@Eaton.com E-mail: LightingSalesUK@Eaton.com
11
Service Department - Lighting Request for Literature/Software
Tel: +44 1302 303349 Tel: +44 1302 303200
Fax: +44 1302 303332 Fax: +44 1302 303213
E-mail: LightingServiceUK@Eaton.com E-mail: MarketingUK@Eaton.com
Head Office Address

Eaton Electrical Systems Ltd
Wheatley Hall Road
Doncaster
South Yorkshire
DN2 4NB
www.Eaton.eu

Eaton Doncaster Facility
Doncaster
11
Eaton is a power management company with approximately
97,000 employees. The company provides energy-efficient
solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical,
hydraulic and mechanical power more efficiently, safely and
sustainably. Eaton sells products to customers in more than
175 countries. For more information, visit
www.eaton.eu.
Eaton
Electrical Sector EMEA
Route de la Longeraie 7
1110 Morges, Switzerland
Eaton.eu Changes to the products, to the information
contained in this document, and to prices
Eaton © 2017 Eaton are reserved; so are errors and omissions.
Eaton Electrical Systems Ltd All Rights Reserved Only order confirmations and technical
Wheatley Hall Road Printed in UK documentation by Eaton is binding. Photos
Doncaster Publication No. CLS-CA455003EN and pictures also do not warrant a specific
South Yorkshire January 2017 layout or functionality. Their use in whatever
DN2 4NB form is subject to prior approval by Eaton.
Eaton is a registered trademark The same applies to Trademarks (especially
Tel: +44 (0)1302 303303 of Eaton Corporation. Eaton, Moeller, and Cutler-Hammer). The
Fax: +44 (0)1302 367155 Terms and Conditions of Eaton apply, as
Web: uk.eaton.com All other trademarks are property referenced on Eaton internet pages and
Email: SalesUK@Eaton.com of their respective owners. Eaton order confirmations.

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456 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 457

• Colour and Room Reflectance Where:

458 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

Polar Intensity Curves Illuminance Cone Diagrams

SHR nom: 1.75

Cartesian Diagrams Isolux Diagrams

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 459

460 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

- The average wall illuminance above the working plane

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 461

• EN12464-1:2011 (cont’d) • Illuminance

A well balanced luminous environment can only be achieved by

Additionally the reflectance of any major items of fixed

- Walls and major vertical surfaces: Em > 50 Lux

462 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

• Colour Appearance and Colour Rendering • Variability of Light

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 463

Doncaster Civic & Cultural Quarter

464 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 465

The Fire Safety Order 2005 (cont’d) Other Regulations

Note: BS 5266 was revised in 2011. For up to date information

466 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

Note: The term near means within 2 metres measured horizontally

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 467

468 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

• Sign formats should not be mixed

BS 2560: 197 BS 5499 Pt 1

European Signs Directive Format ISO 7010

• Maximum Viewing Distances

Note: Internally illuminated exit signs are pre-tested to ensure

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 469

Corridor and refuge area Plant room Kitchen

Plant rooms Kitchens

Reception areas First aid rooms Treatment rooms

First aid rooms

470 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 471

• Lighting Level Requirements

Note: The UK had an “a deviation” which allowed a 0.2 lux

ii. Ageing of lamps in maintained circuits M

Example - luminaire spacing along

Locate luminaires at mandatory

Add additional luminaire to

472 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

• Light Level Requirements • Spacing Data

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 473

Stage 6 Stage 7 (cont’d)

If manual testing is utilised, the following points should be

474 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

3. Declaration of a satisfactory test of operation.

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 475

476 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 477

478 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

QX Range 50 and 110 Volt Slave 230 Volt Inverter Slave

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 479

light simulation tools

480 LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com

LIGHTING SOLUTIONS uk.eaton.com 481

Fluorescent Control Gear Selection

Switch Start DALI

Note: The term near means within 2 metres measured horizontally

3. Declaration of a satisfactory test of operation.