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2 Buddhas
2 Buddhas
By Stephen Knapp
I was asked to look into this a few years ago by someone who knew of
my research abilities. But I have not been able to until now because of other
priorities. But this topic has come up before, that actually there were two
different Buddhas that played the part to establish Buddhism and its principles
of ahimsa and nonviolence and its monist philosophy.
Most of us are taught that Buddha was born around 560 to 550 B.C.
However, once we start doing some research, we find evidence that this date
may be too late. Buddha may have been born much earlier.
For example, in Some Blunders of Indian Historical Research (p. 189), P.
N. Oak explains that the Puranas provide a chronology of the Magadha rulers.
During the time of the Mahabharata war, Somadhi (Marjari) was the ruler. He
started a dynasty that included 22 kings that spread over 1006 years. They
were followed by five rulers of the Pradyota dynasty that lasted over 138
years. Then for the next 360 years was the 10 rulers of the Shishunag family.
Kshemajit (who ruled from 1892 to 1852 B.C.) was the fourth in the Shishunag
dynasty, and was a contemporary of Lord Buddha’s father, Shuddhodana. It
was during this period in which Buddha was born. It was during the reign of
Bimbisara, the fifth Shishunag ruler (1852-1814 B.C.), when Prince
Siddhartha became the enlightened Buddha. Then it was during the reign of
King Ajatashatru (1814-1787 B.C.) when Buddha left this world. Thus, he was
born in 1887 B.C., renounced the world in 1858 B.C., and died in 1807 B.C.
according to this analysis.
Further evidence that helps corroborate this is provided in The Age of
Buddha, Milinda and King Amtiyoka and Yuga Purana, by Pandit Kota
Venkatachalam. He also describes that it is from the Puranas, especially
the Bhagavata Purana and the Kaliyurajavruttanta, that need to be consulted
for the description of the Magadha royal dynasties to determine the date of
Lord Buddha. Buddha was the 23rd in the Ikshvaku lineage, and was a
contemporary of Kshemajita, Bimbisara, and Ajatashatru, as described above.
Buddha was 72 years old in 1814 B.C. when the coronation of Ajatashatru
took place. Thus, the date of Buddha’s birth must have been near 1887 B.C.,
and his death in 1807 B.C. if he lived for 80 years.
Professor K. Srinivasaraghavan also relates in his book, Chronology of
Ancient Bharat (Part Four, Chapter Two), that the time of Buddha should be
about 1259 years after the Mahabharata war, which should make it around
1880 B.C. if the war was in 3138 B.C., or earlier if the war was before that.
Furthermore, astronomical calculations by astronomer Swami Sakhyananda
indicates that the time of the Buddha was in the Kruttika period, between
2621-1661 B.C.
Therefore, the fact that Buddha lived much earlier than what modern
history teaches us has a number of ramifications. First, the time of the
Buddha’s existence is underestimated by about 1300 years. Secondly, this
means that Buddhism was in existence in the second millennium B.C. Thirdly,
we also know Buddha preached against the misused Vedic rituals of animal
sacrifice. Such misuse or misinterpretation of something in a culture generally
only happens after a long period of prominence. So the purer aspect of Vedic
culture must have been around for many hundreds if not thousands of years
before its tradition began to be misused. Therefore, this pushes the Vedic
period to a much earlier time from that of Buddha than originally figured, and
much earlier than many people have calculated. And lastly, everything else
we have figured according to the time frame of the appearance of Buddha
now has to be re-calculated. Again we find that history has to be adjusted
away from the speculations of modern researchers, and that many of the
advancements in society and philosophy, as outlined in the Vedic texts, had
taken place much earlier than many people want to admit.
***
However, now with new evidence, we can begin to see that the above
information may be quite right for the timing of the Buddha Avatara, but the
later birth figure of 560 BCE may also be correct for the second Buddha. The
first Buddha avatara established a form of Buddhism by revolting against
those rituals that accepted animal sacrifice and emphasized the godly
principles of ahimsa, nonviolence based on recognizing the Divine in all
beings, and divinity of all souls, arousing compassion for all. The second
Buddha styled what became Buddhism that was known for its monist or
impersonalistic philosophy (that God, the Absoute Truth, is inert, nonactive,
and without any characteristics) and that reaching the same inert and non-
active state of nirvana is the goal for attaining freedom from all suffering.
To give further information in this regard, I will now simply include the
second chapter of Beyond Nirvana: The Philosophy of Mayavadism: A Life
History, as follows, with my own few comments in brackets:
Two Buddhas
Shakya Simha Puddha and the Vishnu Avatara Buddha
In his Dasa Avatara Stotram, Srila Jayadeva writes in the ninth verse:
"O Lord of the universe, Keshava! You took the form of Lord Buddha
Who is full of compassion and stopped the slaughter of animals which is
strictly forbidden in the Vedas."
"Varaha Mihira, foremost among the greatest astrologers, was born from
the womb of a brahmana lady. King Vikrama and King Bhartrihari were born
from a kshatriya mother. From a vaishya mother were born Harichandra, a
vaidya tilaka – an excellent Ayurveda physician and Shanku; and from a
maidservant (shudra) mother was born Amara Simha. These six were
fathered by the brahmana Shabara Svami."
In these verses, starting with sarvajnah and finishing with munih are
eighteen names addressing the original Vishnu incarnation Lord Buddha. The
next seven names beginning with Shakya-munistu to Mayadevi-
Sutascha refer to Shakya Simha Buddha. The Buddha referred to in the first
eighteen names and the Buddha referred to in the later seven names are
clearly not the same person. [This clearly indicates that knowledge of the two
Buddhas was well known long ago.] In the commentary on Amarakosha by
the learned Sri Raghunatha Cakravarti, he also divided the verses into two
sections. To the eighteen names of Vishnu Avatara Buddha he writes the
words "astadash buddha", which clearly refers only to the Vishnu avatara.
Next, on his commentary for the seven aliases of Shakya Simha he writes:
"ete sapta shakya bangshabatirneh buddha muni bishete", meaning "the next
seven names starting from Shakya-munistuare aliases of Buddha-muni [the
human] who was born into the Shakya dynasty."
Thus from the above verses and their commentaries it is indeed
transparent that Sugata Buddha [the avatara] and the atheist sage Gautama
Buddha are not one and the same person. I take this opportunity to request
the learned readers to refer to the Amarakosha published by the respected
Mr. H. T. Colebrooke in 1807. 2 On pages 2 & 3 of this book the name
‘Buddha’ has been explained. The ‘Marginal Note’ on page 2 for the first
eighteen names, states they are names of Ajina or Buddha and the ‘Marginal
Note’ for the later seven states these are aliases of Shakya Simha Buddha. A
further footnote is added to clarify the second Buddha, of the latter seven
names – Footnote (b) "the founder of the religion named after him."
Mr. Colebrooke lists in his preface the names of the many commentaries
he used as references. Besides Raghunatha Cakravarti’s commentary, he
took reference from twenty-five others. It can be said with certainty that the
propagator of Bahyatmavada, Jnanatmavada and Sunyamavada, the three
pillars of atheism, was Gautama Buddha or Shakya Simha Buddha. There is
no evidence whatsoever that Sugata Buddha, Lord Vishnu’s incarnation, was
in any way connected with atheism in any form. Shakya Simha or Siddhartha
Buddha, received the name Gautama from his spiritual master Gautama Muni,
who belonged to the Kapila dynasty. This is confirmed in the ancient Buddhist
treatise Sundarananda Charita: "guru gotrad atah kautsaste bhavanti sma
gautamah" – meaning "O Kautsa, because his teacher was Gautama, they
became known from his family line."
"Ravana, the king of Lanka, at first recited in the Totaka metre, then sang
the following – ‘I invoke in my memory the aphorisms known as Lankavatara-
sutra, compiled and propagated by the previous Buddha (Vishnu’s
incarnation). The son of Jina (Lord Buddha) presented this book. Lord Buddha
and his sons, who will appear in the future, as well as Bhagavan, the Vishnu
incarnation, will continue to instruct all from this book.’"
"Then in the beginning of Kali-yuga, the Lord will appear as Buddha, son
of Anjana, in the province of Gaya, just for the purpose of deluding those who
are envious of the faithful theist."
The Buddha mentioned in this verse is Lord Buddha, son of Anjana; also
known by some as Ajina’s son. Sri Sridhara Svami writes in his authoritative
commentary to this verse:
"The words tatah kalau etc., describe Vishnu’s incarnation Buddha as the
son of Anjana. Ajina in the word ajina sutaha actually means Anjana. Kikata is
the name of the district of Gaya."
The monists, either by mistake or some other reason, regard Sri Sridhara
Svami as belonging to their sect and persuasion. Be as it may, his comments
however on this matter can easily be accepted by the Mayavadis as true
without hesitation. The following quote is from the Nrisimha Purana 36/29:
"Lord Buddha will appear on the second day of the waxing moon, in the
month of Jyaishtha."
CONCLUSION
Actually, there is much I like about Buddhism. I like its peaceful and
gentle ways, the basis of its connection with all of life, but also its principle of
detachment and renunciation as a means to enter higher forms of existence. I
like some of the forms of meditation that it uses to gain more understanding
and control of the mind. I like its mild form of determination to the principles
and its goals.
However, from the above descriptions we can understand that the
worship of the first Buddha, which at this point in time has practically been
forgotten, is a means of definite spiritual progress through nonviolence,
compassion for all and renunciation from the world for one’s self-interest.
However, these days most of what is known of Buddhism is based on the
monistic path as established by Shakya Simha Buddha, the second Buddha
who was but a mortal who, with great intellectual ability, propounded a path
that promised the end of suffering, and the eventual entrance into what is
called nirvana. This goal of entering nirvana actually requires such a discipline
that, in this day and age, it is practically impossible to achieve. This would
also mean that, no matter how much one progresses along this path, the most
one can attain, besides a more peaceful life which may be good enough for
some people, are still future rounds of birth in this world. Praying to Shakya
Simha or Gautama Buddha, or any of the other forms of which he may be
depicted, still cannot offer any Divine assistance, since he is not really Divine.
Nor does Buddhism really acknowledge God, either outside us or within. The
soul is also not recognized. So, it is perfect for those who wish to follow a path
that is basically atheistic in nature.
In this way, it is very similar to the philosophy that was established by
Sankaracharya who proposed, through his own imaginative interpretation of
some basic Sanskrit verses, that the Absolute Truth was impotent, inert, and
without any characteristics. Like the Buddhist sunya or void, nirvana, or Great
White Light, Sankaracharya also propounded a monistic Brahman that is the
eternal and timeless void, nondual, an impersonal oneness, and great white
light, the Brahman effulgence. You could say that it is merely an adaptation of
the core concepts of Buddhism but with a Vedic slant. As Shakya Simha
Buddha tried to nullify the sufferings of the world through voidism,
Sankaracharya tried to do the same thing with his conception of impersonal
Brahman. Sankaracharya says that Brahman is all that is eternal, while
Shakya Simha proposed that the void is all that remains.
Students of Sankaracharya will accept him as a scholar of Vedanta and a
great theist and will follow what appears to be his apparently theistic
teachings, but in this way they actually become atheists by giving up the
concept of God and any chance of establishing a relationship with the
Supreme Being.
Sri Krishna-Dvaipayana Vyasadeva, who compiled the major Vedic texts,
has declared in his writings in the Puranas that the monistic, impersonal
Mayavada philosophy is false and non-Vedic. The same would apply to what
we presently know as Buddhism. You can find this in the Padma Purana 25/7:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This additional information is from the book, “Dasavatar: Ten
Manifestations of Godhead,” By Srila Bhakti Ballabh Tirtha Goswami Maharaj,
published by Mandala Publishing and Sree Caitanya Gaudiya Math,
downloaded from www.sreecgmath.org.
sadaya-hridaya-darshita-pashu-ghatam
The name of Buddha also appears in the verse that describes the ten
avataras in Srimad-Bhagavatam:
(Srimad-Bhagavatam 10.40.22)
(Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.3.24)
anjanasya sutah
This clearly implies that Lord Buddha appeared five thousand years
ago.
"Buddha will take birth on the 2nd day of the shuklapaksha6 of the
month of Jyaishtha7."
This is the prescription for the worship of Buddha, the avatara of the
Supreme Lord. The full moon day of the month of Vaishakha9, known as
Buddha-purnima, is to be celebrated for both Buddhas, subject to
consideration of both Buddhas together.
(Brahmanda Purana)
"In order to delude the demons, He (Lord Buddha) was present in the
form of a child on the way while the fool, Jina (a demon), imagined Him to be
his son. Later on, Lord Sri Hari (as avatara-Buddha) expertly deluded Jina and
other demons by His strong words of non-violence."
This means, in India, those who have no faith in the Vedas are
considered to be atheistic.
NOTES: