DIAGNOSTICS AND LABORATORY PROCEDURES

Diagnostics/ INDICATION RESULTS NORMAL ANALYSIS and NURSING

Laborratory VALUES INTERPRETATI IMPLICATIONS
procedures ON OF
RESULTS
Prior to the procedure:
CompleteBloo -Measures the number of 38.6 x 10 5.0 - 10.0 x The result is above •
d Count(CBC) WBCs in a cubic mm g/L 10 g/L the normal range Explain the procedure to
of blood.- which may signify the pt. and why it is
WBC count infection. indicated
-It is used to detect •
infection or Inform the patient that
inflammation and to fluid and food restriction
monitor client’s response is not required
t o or adverse effects of •
chemotherapy or Inform the patient that a
radiation therapy. blood sample will be
taken.
•
Inform the patient that
pain may be felt through
prick in the needle

Lmphoyctes -To fight infection 0.5 0.01 - 0.06 The result is

and control me within the
chanism associated normal range
with allergies and
asthma
Hemoglobin -To evaluate the 124 g/L 140 - 180g/L The result
hemoglobin content is below the
(ironstatus and normal range
O2carrying capacity) which indicates
of erythrocytes anemia
bymeasuring theno.
of grams of
hemoglobin /dlof
blood.
Hematocrit Measures the 0.33 0.45-54 The result is
volume of RBCs in below thenormal
whole blood range which
expressed as a indicates
percentage.- It is anemia.
also auseful in the
diagnosis of anemia,
polycythemia,and
abnormal hydration
states.- Value is
roughly three times
the hemoglobin
concentration

To measure blood 400 mg/dL < 140mg/dl The result is Prior to the procedure:
RBS glucose regardless of above the •
when you last ate. normal range Inform patient that
which indicates there are no food
too little restrictions.
insulin/diabetes •
mellitus Wash your hands
thoroughly before
beginning procedure.
•
During the procedure:
•
Swab your finger tip (or
arm if your meter
allows) with alcohol and
allow to dryor dry with
gauze.
•
Wipe away the first drop
of blood
•
Squeeze slowly and
rhythmically, gripping
the digit firmly between
the base of thumb and
first finger
Kidney
Function Prior to the procedure:
Test •
Explain to the patient
Createnine To monitor renal 71.10 0.4-1.4mg/dl Creatinine level the purpose of the
function,specifically is above the procedure.
the ability of the normal range •
kidney toexcrete which indicates NPO post midnight
waste products kidney •
impairment Check the patient’s
history for use of
drugs that may
influence test results.
•
Explain to the patient
that may experience
slight discomfort from
the needle puncture

SERUM -To reflectwater The result is above

ELECTROL balance. 139 mmol/L 137 – the normal range
YTES 145mmol/L which indicates Before the procedure:
that there is a •
Sodium (Na) relativei ncrease in Explain to the patient
the amount of that the test is used
body water relative to evaluate the
to sodium electrolytes content of
blood.
•
Inform the patient
that he need not
restrict food or fluids
before the test, NPO
post midnight

To evaluatefluid The result is .

andelectrolyte 3.6 within the normal
3.6 – 5.0mmol/L
POTASSIU balances andidentify level which Before the procedure:
M (K) renaldysfunction.Pot indicates normal •
assium iscritical osmotic pressure Explain to the patient
toneuromuscular and cardiac and that the test is used
function,specifically neuromuscular to evaluate the
skeletal andcardiac electrical electrolytes content of
muscleactivity conduction blood.
•
Inform the patient
that he need not
restrict food or fluids
before the test, NPO
post midnight
 It reflects achange in The result is
CHLORIDE thedilution or 101 mmol/L 96 –110mmol/L above the the
(Cl) concentrationof the normal range Before the procedure:
ECF anddoes so whic indicates •
indirect proportion normal balance Explain to the patient
tosodiumconcentrati of fluids. that the test is used
on. to evaluate the
electrolytes content of
blood.
•
Inform the patient
that he need not
restrict food or fluids
before the test, NPO
post midnight

FastingBloo The result is

d Sugar To measure blood 400 mg/dL 70-110 above normal Prior to the
(FBS) glucoseafter you mg/dL range which procedure:
havenot eaten for indicates too •
atleast 8 hours. little Ask patient if he/she
Itoften is the firsttest insulin/diabetes had not eaten at least
done tocheck mellitus. 8 hours.
andmonitor •
treatment of diabetes Wash your hands
thoroughly before
beginning procedure.
•
Ready your meter
according to on-screen
instructions or owner's
manual (everymeter is
slightly different).
During the procedure:
•
Swab your finger tip (or
arm if your meter
allows) with alcohol and
allow to dryor dry with
gauze.
•
Wipe away the first drop
of blood
•
Squeeze slowly and
rhythmically, gripping
the digit firmly between
the base of thumb and
first finger.
BUN 2.10 3.6– Before the procedure:
The BUN test is mmol/L 7.1 mmol/L  •
used to see how well Explain to the patient
your kidneys are that the test is used
working, to see if to evaluate the
kidney treatment is electrolytes content of
working, and to blood.
check for severe •
dehydration. Inform the patient
that he need not
A test that measures restrict food or fluids
the amount of before the test, NPO
nitrogen in your post midnight
blood, which comes
from the waste
product urea.
Urea is made when
protein is broken
down in the
body. Urea is made
in the
liver and excreted by
the kidneys