2018

INDIVIDUAL DYNAMICS &

LEADERSHIP FINAL REPORT

DIVISION H
GROUP 2
Delvin Devakumar (H015)
Oindrila Dhar (H017)
Himani Kakkad (H026)
Apoorva Somani(H058)
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Table of contents

Contents
Table of contents ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 2

2. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Objective of the study ..................................................................................................................... 4

4. Review of Literature ....................................................................................................................... 5

5. Statement of the Research Problem ................................................................................................ 6

6. Method of Study ............................................................................................................................. 7

7. Discussion of Findings ........................................................................................................................ 8

8. Analysis and Results ......................................................................................................................... 10

9. Conclusion and Recommendation .................................................................................................... 11

10. References ....................................................................................................................................... 12

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1. Abstract

To study the punctuality behaviour of employees of B.K Group we analysed a sample of 25

employees, recorded their in-time at work and the frequency of late arrival of employees at
work. We have identified late-coming of employees as a behavioural problem in the
organisation through our research and based on the methodologies and theories of individual
dynamics and leadership we have come up with certain recommendations which the
organization must practice which can help them overcome these challenges.
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2. Introduction

Labour productivity depends on the commitment of workers. Late coming to work can also be regarded
as lack of interest of a person in the job and can also adversely affect the productivity of the firm.
Punctuality display’s a person’s respect for people and time. Punctuality is even more important in
workplace not only because employees get paid for the number of hours put in as a part of daily work
but also it determines the employee’s dedication to work. Punctuality is one of the important factors in
evaluating an individual’s performance and continued employment. Being punctual helps to establish
one’s reputation as a dependable and consistent worker.

In this project we conducted a study on a sample of 25 employees of an organisation called B.K Group
and we identified that lack of punctuality among the employees so through this project we try to improve
the punctuality of employees of B.K Group through positive reinforcement techniques. Moreover, we
propose to use the fixed-interval schedule in schedules of reinforcement to influence the behaviour of
employees of the organisation.
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3. Objective of the study

The objective of the study was to primarily analyse the behavioural characteristics among
employees of B.K Group who have a casual approach towards coming to work on time and is
consistently late at work over a quite a period. Our primary goal was to improve the punctuality
of employees at work and eventually improve their productivity at work
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4. Review of Literature

The review of literature involved mapping the principles of individual dynamics which
could help us solve the challenges B.K Group was facing as an organization in terms
of handling the punctuality issue of its employees. We have used the positive
reinforcement theory and the fixed-interval schedule to improve the organisational
behaviour of employees as using it the desired behaviour is achieved quickly.
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5. Statement of the Research Problem

Punctuality among employees is a major concern for B.K Freight Forwarders Pvt Ltd. The firm
is in the import – export business which has strict business timings, any delay on the part of
the employees has wide implication on the business of the firm. This was not a problem with
all the employees at first. It started with a few but has now become a habit of everyone.

The employees of the company as reported by the HR did not have any fixed in time as well as
any Out time. There were no fixed daily working hours and the hours could extend depending
on the number of exports or imports for that day or the number of bills to be cleared in the
customs. Hence managing the work hours parity of all workers as well as disciplined
punctuality was a major problem that the company faced and a challenge.

We will be using positive reinforcement technique to inculcate the habit of coming on time.
We will propose an honour wall in the office which will have the picture of the most punctual
employee of the week. This will be decided by carefully analysing the entry and exit register
at the office. To make matters simpler, we will try to come up with some formula or algorithm
to help them decide the most punctual employee every week without investing much time on
the process.

We will also speak to a few employees to understand what the most common reasons are for
being late to office. We will try to come up with some solutions which the employees could
use to be punctual from their side.
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6. Method of Study

Our primary mode of study was mapping the theories related to key traits and characteristics
to the sample in consideration from B. K. Freight Forwarders. We used the entry register of the
office which records the in and out time of the employees and visitors as our data source. For
the study, employees of the senior management level were excluded from the study. This
included the Director, the CEO and the Senior Manager of the company. Also, all visitors to
the company office were also excluded during the filtering of the data collected.

The study was done over the course of three weeks starting from June 26, 2018 to July 17,
2018. There was no leave taken by any employees during the period. The official start time of
the office is 9.00 AM.

Figure 1 shows the graphical distribution of the in time of the employees during the period as
displayed in Appendix -1.

Table 1 is the record from the entry register after filtering out visitors and any other outliers as
shown in Appendix - 2.
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7. Discussion of Findings

For us to effectively map the punctuality of the employees of the firm, we took a time study of
the ‘in time’ of the employees for a period of 3 weeks. This helped form the basis of our
comparison post behaviour modification strategies.

Initially, it was found that most employees did not arrive at the stipulated office timings that
has been stated in writing. Due to a lack of proper checking and lack of guidance on this issue,
employees did not bother too much to adhere to the timings as such.

Post the intervention, it was found that adherence to the timings of the office were much better.
In addition to this, employees looked to come earlier than the official office timings so that
they were eligible for the ‘Most Punctual Employee’. It was found that there was overall a
positive trend in coming to work early and everyone looked to take a conscious effort to
continue to do the same.

EMPLOYEE IN TIME RECORD

12:00 PM

9:36 AM

7:12 AM

4:48 AM

2:24 AM

12:00 AM
6/24/2018 6/29/2018 7/4/2018 7/9/2018 7/14/2018 7/19/2018

SIDDHESHWAR PURSHOTTAM SURVE ALPESH TALSANIA

SEJAL NILESH BHOSLE JYOTI GUPTA
SOSAMMA SABU SUJATA RAVINDRA BELEKAR
DNYANESHWAR NAMDEO CHAVAN SACHIN RAMAKANT MANJREKAR
VIVEK VISHRAM KADAM SAGAR SUNIL SHINDE
HARISH LAXMIKANT PATIL KAMLESH SATIRAM PAL
TEJASH BHANUCHANDRA RAICHURA NITIN HIMMAT KANE
NITESH DAGADU PAWAR SHEKHAR CHANDRAKANT WARADKAR
AADESH KHARPUDE AKSHAY MAHADIK
NAVIN PANDURANG MIRGULE DEEPAK G. MAHADIK
Linear (VIVEK VISHRAM KADAM)

Figure 1
 17-07- 16- 13-07- 12-07- 11-07- 10-07- 09-07- 06-07- 05-07- 04-07- 03-07- 02-07- 29-06- 28-06- 27-06- 26-06-
2018 07- 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018
SIDDHESHWAR 201
9:05 8:55
8:55 AM 8:50 AM 8:45 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 8:45 AM 9:10 AM 8:50 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 8:50 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 8:45 AM
PURSHOTTAM
8
AM AM
SURVE
Table 1

ALPESH 8:55 AM 9:05 9:10 AM 11:00 9:15 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 8:55 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:20 AM
TALSANIA
SEJAL NILESH
AM AM
8:55 AM 9:05 9:10 AM 9:10 9:15 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 9:05 AM 8:55 AM 9:15 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 9:10 AM 8:55 AM
BHOSLE
AM AM
JYOTI GUPTA 9:15 AM 9:10 9:05 AM 9:10 9:10 AM 9:45 AM 9:15 AM 9:15 AM 9:05 AM 10:05 AM 9:15 AM 9:00 AM 9:25 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 9:15 AM
AM AM
SOSAMMA SABU 9:05 AM 8:55 8:50 AM 9:00 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 8:50 AM 9:15 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 8:55 AM 8:50 AM 9:05 AM 9:15 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM
AM AM
SUJATA 8:45 AM 8:55 8:40 AM 8:45 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 8:55 AM 8:45 AM 8:50 AM 8:50 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 8:45 AM 8:55 AM 8:50 AM
RAVINDRA
AM AM
BELEKAR
DNYANESHWAR 8:50 AM 8:50 8:50 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 8:50 AM 8:55 AM 8:55 AM 8:50 AM 8:55 AM 8:50 AM 8:55 AM 8:50 AM 8:55 AM 8:55 AM
NAMDEO
AM AM
CHAVAN

SACHIN 9:10 AM 9:05 9:05 AM 9:10 9:10 AM 9:10 AM 9:05 AM 8:55 AM 9:05 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 9:10 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 9:05 AM
RAMAKANT
AM AM
MANJREKAR
VIVEK VISHRAM 9:10 AM 9:20 9:10 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:10 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 9:15 AM
KADAM
AM AM
SAGAR SUNIL 8:55 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM
SHINDE
AM AM
HARISH 9:05 AM 9:15 9:10 AM 9:05 9:00 AM 9:30 AM 9:15 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 9:15 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM
LAXMIKANT
AM AM
PATIL
KAMLESH 9:05 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 9:00 8:50 AM 9:55 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM
SATIRAM PAL
AM AM
TEJASH 9:05 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 9:00 9:00 AM 9:30 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM
BHANUCHANDR
AM AM
A RAICHURA
NITIN HIMMAT 9:00 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 9:00 8:50 AM 9:25 AM 9:20 AM 9:00 AM 8:45 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 8:50 AM
KANE
AM AM
NITESH DAGADU 8:50 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 9:00 9:00 AM 9:30 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM
PAWAR
AM AM
SHEKHAR 9:10 AM 8:55 8:55 AM 9:00 8:50 AM 10:25 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:15 AM 9:05 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM
CHANDRAKANT
AM AM
WARADKAR
AADESH 9:00 AM 9:05 9:00 AM 9:10 8:50 AM 9:30 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 8:45 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM
KHARPUDE
AM AM
AKSHAY 9:00 AM 9:10 9:00 AM 9:00 8:50 AM 9:45 AM 9:15 AM 9:00 AM 8:50 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:05 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 8:50 AM
MAHADIK
AM AM
NAVIN 9:00 AM 8:55 9:00 AM 9:10 8:50 AM 8:55 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 8:50 AM 9:00 AM 8:55 AM 9:05 AM 9:00 AM 9:10 AM 9:00 AM 8:50 AM
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PANDURANG
AM AM
MIRGULE
DEEPAK G. 8:35 AM 8:30 8:35 AM 8:35 8:35 AM 10:05 AM 9:25 AM 8:35 AM 8:35 AM 8:30 AM 8:35 AM 8:45 AM 8:35 AM 8:35 AM 8:35 AM 8:35 AM
MAHADIK
AM AM
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8. Analysis and Results

Comparison of In Time of One Employee Before & After

Intervention
12:00 PM
10:48 AM
9:36 AM
8:24 AM
7:12 AM
6:00 AM
4:48 AM
3:36 AM
2:24 AM
1:12 AM
12:00 AM

Before Intervention After Intervention

Figure 2

From the graph, it is evidently clear that there is improvement in the arrival time of one of the
employees at the office. Similarly, on comparing the in time of all employees before and after
the implementation of the interventions, we noticed a leftward shift of the mean in-time of all
the employees, both on an individual basis as well as a group basis.

This improvement in the in-time can be associated with the interventions that were proposed
to improve the punctuality of the employees. Hence, the intervention steps were effective in
generating the results for which they were planned.
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9. Conclusion and Recommendation

We had shared the following intervention steps with BK Group to improve employee
punctuality in office. We had devised interventions keeping in mind that they should not
be too costly for the organization and can be implemented with ease.

Honour Wall - Punctuality of employees must not only be encouraged but also needs to
be appreciated publicly. An ‘Honour Wall’ containing the picture of the most punctual
employee of the month will act as a source of positive reinforcement and will greatly
motivate the employees to be on time.

Morning Chai - Tea before the start of work refreshes the employees and helps them
concentrate. Tea in the morning was another positive reinforcement technique we
suggested to BK Group. As the official start time of work was 9 AM, we asked the
organization management to start distributing tea between 8.45 AM and 9 AM. Everyone
will have an incentive to come before 9 AM in the form of morning ‘chai’.

Motivational Posters & Slogans - We have also decided to share some motivational
posters and slogans which can be put up in and around the office. These creative arts will
act as a source of classical conditioning and influence the employees at a subconscious
level. They will also add some colour to the office.

After implementing the interventions for a period of four weeks, we could see that there
was a significant increase in the punctuality of most of the employees. After speaking with
a few of the employees, we came to know that the Morning Chai initiative was the biggest
driver of making the employees come on time.

We recommend the management of the company to continue with the interventions and
incorporate it in the culture of their company. All the suggested interventions are relatively
cheap from the company’s perspective and hence will also not cause any financial burden
on the company.
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10. References

Articles on website:

1. https://www.businessinsider.in/The-Big-5-personality-traits-could-predict-who-will-
and-wont-become-a-leader/articleshow/55863269.cms
2. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-big-five-personality-dimensions-2795422
3. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCDV_22.htm

Books:

1. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Campbell, T. T. (2017). Organizational behaviour (16th
ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson.