Application of Finite-Part

M.-C. Chen 1 Integrals to Planar Interfacial

Department ol Mechanical Engineering,
East China Jiaotong University,
Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P.R. China
N.-A. Noda
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Kyushu Institute of Technology,
Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
R.-J. Tang
Department of Engineering Mechanics,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
Fracture Problems in Three-
Dimensional Bimaterials
This paper deals with linear elastic fracture problems for a planar crack on an interface
between two dissimilar elastic half-space solids bonded together. The finite-part integral
concept is used to derive hypersingular integro-differential equations for the interfacial
crack from the point-force solutions for a bimaterial space. Investigations on the singu-
larities and the singular stress fields' in the vicinity of the crack are made by the
dominant-part analysis of the two-dimensional hypersingular integrals. Thereafter the
stress intensity factor K-fields and the energy release rate G are exactly obtained by using
the definitions of stress intensity factors and the principle of virtual work, respectively.
The results show that, unlike the homogenous case, the asymptotic fields always consist of
all three modes of fracture. Finally, some numerical examples of various aspects" of
elliptical cracks' subjected to constant pressures are given.

Introduction strictly from the three-dimensional theory of elasticity, the

With the rapidly increasing use of composites for engineering
structures, much attention has been paid to the interracial crack by
more researchers. It is useful to design and manufacture composite
materials for which we know the fracture behavior of their inter-
face. During the past few years, considerable analyses have been
performed, and many problems regarding the mechanics of inter-
facial fracture have been discussed. However, these studies gen-
erally involved two-dimensional interracial crack modeling; little
work, theoretical work in particular, on the three-dimensional
aspect of crack problems has been carried out except those of
specially shaped cracks (Wills, 1972; Erdogan and Arin, 1972;
Kassir and Bregman, 1972; Shibuya et al., 1989; Nakamura, 1991;
Yuuki and Xu, 1992). This is mainly due to the extreme difficulties
of solving such problems by mathematics and mechanics, or to the
substantial computation required in the numerical analyses.
The purpose of this paper is to make more systematic and
painstaking theoretical studies of a three-dimensional planar inter-
facial crack on a bimaterial interface by the use of hyIiersingular
integral equation method. The key to the utilization of the hyper-
singular integral equation method is the availability of known
point-force fundamental solutions expressed in tensor form ob-
tained by the authors (1997) and the concept of the finite-part
integral introduced by Hadamard (1952). Two-dimensional hy-
persingular integral equations with unknown displacement jumps
across the crack surfaces are first derived for an arbitrarily shaped
crack parallel to a bimaterial interface, then based on these equa-
tions, use is further made of limit theory and Taylor series expan-
sions to obtain hypersingular integro-differential equations for the
interfacial planar crack. In order to determine the stress singulari-
ties near the interfacial crack front edge, the hypersingular integro-
dominant-part analysis of the two-dimensional hypersingular inte-
grals is also applied to study the singular stress fields ahead of the
interfacial crack front edge. The stress intensity factor K-fields for
the three-dimensional planar interfacial cracks are arrived at in the
light of similar definitions of K-fields for the two-dimensional
interfacial cracks (Hutchinson et al., 1987; Rice, 1988). In addi-
tion, energy release rate G is analyzed by the principle of virtual
work. Finally, some numerical examples of planar interfacial el-
liptical cracks under the normal uniform loading are given.
Hypersingular Integral Equation for a Planar Crack
Parallel to a Bimaterial Interface
A fixed rectangular Cartesian coordinate system x~ is used.
Subscripts of English letters always take the values 1, 2, 3 and
those of Greek letters, 1, 2. The Einstein summation convention is
assumed. We consider two dissimilar elastic half-spaces bonded
together along the x~ - x2 plane (see Fig. 1). Suppose that the
upper half-space is occupied by an elastic medium with constants
(/x~, v~) and the lower half-space by an elastic medium with
constants (/z2, v~), where tx is shear modulus and v Poisson's ratio.
The planar crack is assumed to be located at a distance h above,
and parallel to, the bimaterial interface. The external forces acting
on the planar crack surfaces (S ~) are in self-equilibrium. The
displacements and the stresses are presumed to decrease to zero at
infinity.
The displacement in the upper space I due to the crack distur-
bance can be expressed in terms of Somigliana's identity (Brebbia,
1981) as

u~(x)= - f~
differential equations are investigated by the dominant-part anal- r 0 (x, ~)auJ(~)dS(~), (1)
ysis of the two-dimensional hypersingular integrals. Starting "

in which the superscript I means the upper half-space I; Au)(~) are

On leave from Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Contributed by the Applied Mechanics Division of THE AMERICAN SOCmTV OF the unknown displacement jumps across the crack surfaces (S-*),
MECHANICALENGINEERSfor publication in the ASME JOURNALOF APPLIEDMECHANICS. i.e.,
Discussion on the paper should be addressed to the Technical Editor, Professor
Lewis T. Wheeler, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Au~(~) = {u}(~)}x3=h+ -- {u~(~)}x3=,,-
Houston, TX 77204-4792, and will be accepted until four months after final publi-
cation of the paper itself in the ASME JOURNALOF APPLIEDMECHANICS.
Manuscript received by the ASME Applied Mechanics Division, Sept. 23, 1998; and T u~+(x, ~) denote the tractions in the i direction at a point x
final revision, Feb. 19, 1999. Associate Technical Editor: W, J. Drugan. generated by a unit concentrated body force in the j direction

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 J~s_~ means the finite-part integral of Hadamard (1952) and the
kernels Kli(x, ~) read

Kl~(x, ~) = -2[(K~ - 1) + ( ~ + 1)(A1 + A2 - 2A)]/R 3

Space I + 3{4h2[(K1 - 5) + 2(K~ + 1)(3A~ - A)]

l,/1,/)1 -- (Xl -- ~1)2[(3 -- K1) + 2(Kl + 1)(A - Al - A 2 ) ] } / R 5

x2g)
Space II
/
Xi ( 4 1 )
0 + 12011 - ( ~ + 1)A~]h2[4h 2 + 3(xi - ~)2]/R7

- 336011 - (Ki + 1)A,]h4(xl - ~l)2/R 9,

K~I(X, ~) = - 3 ( x I - ~ l ) ( X 2 - ~2){[(3 - g l )

+ 2(K, + 1)(A - A~ - Az)]/R 5 - 4011 - (~, + 1)A~]h 2

Fig. 1 A planar crack parallel to a blmaterlal Interface
× (3/R 7 + 28hZ/Rg)},

K~i(x, ~) = - 1 2 h ( X l - ~){(K, + 1)(A1 - Am)/R 5

applied at a point ~ in the upper half-space I (Chen and Tang, - 2011 - (K~ + 1)Ai]h2(3/R 7 + 28h2]R9)}
1997).
By using (1) and the generalized Hooke's law, the correspond- K~3(x, ~) = - 2 [ 2 - (~, + I)(Ai + A2)]/R ~
ing stress fields read
+ 24h2{[(K~ + 1)(2A~ - A2) - 1]/R ~

f
~ , . t x , ~) - 80[1 - ( ~ + 1)A,]h2(1/R 7 - 7hZ/Rg)},
4(x) = -cl~,, s 0~I+"
Ox, Au~.(~)dS(~), (2)
+

where C ~ are the components of the elastic modulus tensor in the K]z(x, ~) = K~,{xi ~ ~,, xz ~ ~2},
upper half-space I, given by
K~2(x, ~) = Xh{x, ~ x~, ~, --, ~},
I -- 2v~/.~
C~t- [ 7 ~ v ~ ~/3~ + ~1 (8~8y~ + ~ . ~ ) ,

where 8,.,, is the Kronecker delta.

(4)
Noting that the differentiations of T~+(x, ~ in (2) have hyper- where
singularities of O(r ~) as the point x approaches the point ~ on the
crack surfaces S+(x3 ~ h) and the boundary conditions over the A = p~2/(/z~ + / z z ) , A~ = ~ 2 / ( ~ + K ~ z ) ,
upper crack surface ~r~(x,, x~, h +) = - p l ( x ~ , xz, h+), we must
A2 =/z2/(/x2 + K2]£i), R 2 = r 2 + 4h 2, K2 = 3 -- 4V2,
employ the concept of the finite-part integral while obtaining the
limits of the stress components ~r~(x,, x~, h +) which give the
crack surface tractions. Hypersingular Integro-differential Equation for the Pla-
After lengthy manipulations, a system of two-dimensional hy- nar Interfacial Crack
persingular integral equations for the planar crack parallel to the
It can be seen from (4) that moving the planar crack to the
bimaterial interface is written as
bimaterial interface (h --> 0) leads to R = r in the expressions of
KS(x, ~) and that the kernels Kij(X
, 1 ~) have subsequently hyper-
singularities of Hadamard (1952) as x ---> g. To regularize the
f [2(K,-
L r 3 -!)- 8"t~
+ kernels Klj(x, ~), Au)(~) can be expanded in a two-term Taylor
series in the neighborhood of the point x, that is
3(3 - K,)(x. - ~ . ) ( x ~ - ~ ) ]
Au~(~)dS(~) oauJ(x,, x2)
-~ . 75 au~(~) = auJ(xl, x2) + oxl (~ - x,)

OauJ(x,, x~)
+ fs+ KUx. ,)A~(~)dS(,) + Ox2 " (~2 - x2) + O(r2). (5)

Substituting (5) into (3), we have

4~(K~ + 1)
pla(Xl,X2, h+), x~,x~S +, (3a)
txl OAu~(xl, x2) (2A - AI - A~)
t.lq (A2 -- Ai) +/*1
Ox~ 2~"

4rr(K~ + 1)
;s +
X
fs
+
1
75 8~t~Au~(~)dS(~) + 3Ul
(Al + A 2 - A)
27r

-- p~(Xl, X~, h +), & , x2 ~ S +, (3b)

f (x~ - ~)(x~ - ~ )
× r5 Au~o(~)dg(lg) = ~ p ~ ( x l ~ X2),
in which +

~=3-4v~; r ~=8~(x~-~)(xt~- ~t~); xl,x2~S ÷, (6a)

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 m(¢~)
lim ~ (x~-r 5~O)z Au~(~)dS(!~)

2
= - ~ (2~t31 + 8~2)Ao(Q)x~'0- Joet~qrcot (at3rr), (8b)

lim lim ~ K,I,m(X, ~)AUIm(~)dS(~)

x~Q h~0 JS

= 2{2[2 - (Kl + 1)(A1 + Az)](8.iS,,a + 8n38m3)

+ ( ~ + 1)(1 - 2A)8.28m2 + 2(K~ + 1)(A~ - Az)
Fig. 2 A local Intrinsiccoordinatesystem × (8.38,., - 8~18,.3) tan (a.,rr)}
× A~(Q)x~"-Iez,.~r cot (a°,~r) (8c)
OZ~UI~(xi , X2) in which the repeated indices are not summed. Substituting (8) into
t*l (A~ - A2) OX~ (3), then multiplying both sides of (3) by xl -~'' and setting Oel =
a3 = cz, yield
(A, + A~) ~ ,~u~(,g) A i ( Q ) ( A i + A2)c~ cot (Ires) + A3(Q)(Ai - A2)c~ = 0, (9a)
+ Ix~ 2rr us+ r3
• dS(~) = l
-P3(&, x~),
Az(Q) cot (Tra2) = 0, (9b)
Xl, x2 ~ S +. (6b) A i ( Q ) ( A i - A2)c~ - A3(Q)(AI + A2)a cot (Trc~) = 0, (9c)

Equations (6) are the very hypersingular integro-differential equa- For nontrivial solutions of At(Q), the determinant of their coeffi-
tions for the three-dimensional fields of a planar crack on a cients must vanish. Because c~ = 0 is not a solution of above
bimaterial interface. Obviously, if the two dissimilar materials equations in the present case, the following two characteristic
bounded together are the same, that is,/~1 = /x2, Vl = v2, then A equations are obtained:
= 1/2, A~ = A~, and (6) degenerate into the results for the infinite cot rr~q = 0, (10a)
homogeneous and isotropic body obtained by Takakuda (1985)
and Qin and Tang (1993). We are not aware of any published ( A t - A2~ 2
research on the hypersingular integro-differential equations or cot 2 ~-c~ + \ A t + A2] = 0. (10b)
other similar integral equations of the three-dimensional interfacial
crack fields which are helpful for us to study three-dimensional It is seen that (10a) corresponds to antiplane problems (Zak and
interfacial crack problems. Williams, 1963) and (10b) to plane-strain problems (Williams,
1959). Therefore, the solutions of (10) read

Stress Singularity N e a r the Planar Interfacial Crack 1 1 1 {/*1 + Kl/z2~

a2=~; oe=~+iy, 3 , = ~ - ~ l n ~ ] . (11)
Front - /x2 + K2/~/
As shown in Fig. 2, introduce a local triple orthogonal intrinsic Here i = X/L-i-. From (9a), (9c), and (10b), we find
coordinate system: (nn, r, m) := (~t, ~ , ~ ) at a point Q along the
smooth periphery 0S of the planar crack and a small sector shape
A,(Q) = +iA3(Q). (12)
of S~ in the osculating plane around the point Q. In terms of the As the displacement must be a real number, in terms of (7), (11),
theory of elasticity (Parton and Perlin, 1984), the displacements and (12), the displacement jumps near the planar interfacial crack
surrounding the point Q can be decomposed into combinations of front edge can be expressed as
those for the plane-strain case with those for the antiplane case,
and are related to only coordinates ~ in the normal plane through Au~(~) - iAuI~(~) = JAR(Q) + ial(Q)]~ = A(Q)~(, (13a)
the point Q as well as the position of the point Q along the contour Au~(~) = A2(Q)~I/2. (13b)
of the crack, i.e.,
Singular Stress Field Ahead of the Planar Interracial
Au](~) = A i(Q)~t.
c~ (7)
C r a c k Front
Here the repeated indices are not summed; An(Q) are complex The stress fields at any point interior to the upper half-space,
constants concerning with the position of the point Q and c~ are caused by the planar interfacial crack, have been given by the first
unknown singularities which take values within range 0 < author (1997) and take the following form:
Re(oti) < 1.
If bounded internal pressures are applied on the crack surfaces,
inserting (7) into (3) and using a similar method to what was
previously mentioned, we give by the dominant-part analysis of
~r~(x) = ~ + II( r~ + r~

the two-dimensional hypersingular integrals 3(Al + A 2 - A) 30Alx2)(x~-

7 . ~)(x~-
+ r~
lim f 71 Aul'(¢)dS(~) / 3(3A[2- A2) 30A' x~) x3(x~ ~)Au~(~) } dS(~),
x~Q S,

= -2Am(Q)x~"-~oe,,/rrcot (O~mqr), (8a) (14a)

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 /xtAle ~y 1
o'~3(p, 0) = 2 cosh vvr" 7 {[(AR - 2TA,) cos ('y In p)
+

- (al + 2TAR) sin (3' In p)]o-~3(0 ) + [(Ai + 2TAR)

X X3(X~ 1
~)au[(~) + [ (Al + A2) 3(5A, - A2)
r~ + r~ X cos (3' In p) + (AR -- 27A~) sin (3' In p)]o-~3(0)}, (17b)
230A1) }
X x3 r~ x34 Au~(~) dS(~), (14b)
IT~2(p , 0) = A2(Q) 7 cos 2 ' (17c)
where
r~ = (x, - ~1) 2 + (x2 - ~2) 2 + x~. where ~r~,,(0) and o'2,o(0) (m = 1, 3) are nondimensional angular
functions of the singular stress fields o'~,,(p, 0). They are expressed
To get the singular stress fields ahead of the periphery of the as
planar interfacial crack we use a method similar to that of Qin and
Tang (1993). As shown in Fig. 2, introducing a polar coordinate 0
system (p, 0) refelTing to the negative normal direction in the o'~,,,(0) = 2 sin 97 sinh (w - 0)3,
normal plane (Q, n, m) through the point Q leads to the following
coordinates at the point x ahead of the crack front: 30 30)
+ (1 - 28,,,1)e -('~ °)v sin 0 cos ~ - - 23' s i n ~ - ,
X 1 = - - p COS 0, Y2 = 0, X3 = p sin 0, (15a)
r} = (~ + p cos 0) 2 + ~ + (p sin 0) 2. (15b) 0
o-~m(O) = 2 cos ~ cosh (It - O)v
Substituting (13) and (15) into (14), we obtain dominant-part
integrals as follows:
+ (1 - 23ml)e (=-0/~sin0 s i n ~ - + 2 3 , cos .
£ au),,(~) 2~- sin a 0 ]
lim
x~Q
r~ dS(!d) - P sin 0 {-6m~ R e [ i A ( Q ) p ~ j Equations (17) are the very singular stress fields ahead of the
planar interfacial crack front edge in the upper half-space I. It is
shown that cr~(p, 0) and ~r~3(p, 0) are oscillatory and not of a
+ 6., 3 Im[ ~ sin a O ] (16a) separable form. In contrast, the singular stress fields of cracks in
homogenous media are separable and not oscillating (Tang and
Qin, 1993). This conclusion is the same as that of plane crack
lim r~ dS(~) problems but it is drawn strictly from the three-dimensional elas-
ticity theory.

- 3p sin 0
[
3,.1 Re iA(Q)c~p ~-I
sin:o 1,0] Stress Intensity Factor and Energy Release Rate for the
sln ~-~ d
Planar Interfacial Crack
sin (a -- I)0] Analogous to Hutchinson's definitions (Hutchinson et al., 1987)
- 8m3 Im[ iA(Q)c~p ~ I ~n d~ j } ' (16b) of stress intensity factors of the two-dimensional interracial crack
tip, we define the stress intensity factors associated with the
lim ~ ( x l -- ~ I ) ( X 2 -- ~ 2 ) A U l n ( ~ )
three-dimensional planar interfacial crack front edge as follows:
x~o r~
dS(~) = 0, (16c)
as K(Q) = K1(Q) - iK2(Q)

lim
x--+Q
f (xl- f,)2au~,,(~)
r~ dS(~)
= lira
po0
.~p'/2-iv[~r~3(p, O) - i~r~l(p, 0)30=o

= lira .f2pl/Z-tV[o-~3(p , 0) - icr~l(p, 0)], ( 1 8 a )

p~0
2 °3 { { E Im
8ml iA(Q)ap ~-~ sin v(a __-1)0
sin otTr
1 K,i,(Q) = lim ~27po'~2(p, 0)lo= o = lim 2~cr~2(p, 0). (18b)
pRO p-sO
1 Re[iZ(Q)p~ sin a 0 ]
p sin 0 sil~a~j j From (13), (17), and (18) we obtain
sin (u - 1)0] /xl(Al + A2)(1 + 2i7)
+ 3,,,3{ Im[ iA(Q)ap ~-1 sin err J K(Q) = 2 cosh "a',/
1 [- sin ctO] } }
+ p sin 0 Re[iA(Q)o ~ ~ ] , (16d) X ~1
---->01ira[ A u ~ ( ~ i , 0) -- iAuXl(~,, 0)3 ~ (~,) 'v
in which ct = 1/2 + i T. Putting the above results into (14), we
arrive at - +
2 cosh 1r7 /x~ + Kl/x2 ~2 + K2/xl
/xlAl e~v 1
~ I ( P , 0) = 2 cosh 'yvr" - ~ {[(AR -- 2 r a 0 cos (3' In p) x lira [Au~(~, 0) - iAu't(~l, 0)]
- (A t + 2TAR) sin (y In p)]o'~l(0 ) -- [(Ai + 2TAR)
× cos (3' In p) + (AR -- 23,Ai) sin (3' in p)]o-~l(0)}, (17a) X (~1) -iV, (19a)

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 l
G(Q) = lim
AS~0 !~
2 8~1d~2
a s(~2)

× 4(1 Z 2 ~ ) ~osh 7r'y

~s(,~2) ~ o

× K|+I
+ K2+l

<

Fig. 3 A planar crack with virtual incremental area AS of the crack where the inner integral of the first term is recognizable as the
surface complex beta function B(1/2 + i'y, 3/2 - iy), and the inner
integral of the second term, the real beta function B(1/2, 3/2).
Upon evaluation of the beta function by the gamma function F(z),

[~t(K2 + 1 ) + /x2(K~ + 1)]K(Q)K(Q)

~A Au~(~i, O) G(Q) = 7r 16/×l/x2 cosh 2 ~r3'
KIII(Q) = 7 lim
~t-~0 ~l
(t*, + J*2)
+ rr - - K~u(Q). (24)
4~1]Z2
_ /z,tz2 lim Au~(~l, 0) ~ (19b)
2(/-~1 q- [L2) ~1o0 Equation (24) notes that the integral in (21) has no imaginary part,
a fact noticed in the general case of the two-dimensional bimate-
To the authors' knowledge, the present derivation of (17) and rials by Shih and Asaro (1988).
(19) is the first to do so rigorously from the three-dimensional
elasticity theory.
Illustrative Example
From (19), the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces
near the interfacial crack front edge take the form The theoretical studies in the previous sections have shown that
the stress fields ahead of the planar interracial crack have a
AW(~l, O) = Au~(~l, O) - iaul,(~,, O) singularity of 1 / ~ r × (oscillatory term) which complicates our
analyses of crack problems. However, Rice (1988) and Shibuya
=
K(Q) ( t q + 1 K2+ 1)
+
(1989) pointed out that the phenomenon of stress oscillation occurs
2(1 ÷ 2iT) cosh Try \ /&l [L2 only in the extreme vicinity of the crack tip under tensile loading.
Therefore, to reduce the efforts of our computations, we here
ignore the oscillatory term in the process of numerical calculations.
× ~ (~l) ~v, (20a) As an illustration, we consider an elliptical crack under normal
constant pressures. The elliptical crack with semi-major axis a and
semi-minor axis b is represented as
Aug(e,, 0) = 2Ki,,(Q) + . (20b) ~l = a p c o s q ~ , ~2=bpsin~,

By means of virtual work, the given expressions for tractions where0 ~ p < 1,0-< q~<27r.
(18) and displacement fields (20), the energy release rate is readily In terms of the behavior of the displacement jumps over the
computed from

G(Q) = lim 2 ~
~S~0
if AS
{[~r33(~,
, . 0) - io~1(~,;0)] 0.7

• AU(~i,0+AS) + o-~2(~];0)Au~(~i;0 + AS)}dS(~), (21)

where tr~(~t, 0) are the stress components ahead of the planar
interfacial crack front edge, when the increment AS of the crack is
zero; A D ( ~ ; 0 + AS) is the complex conjugate to the displace-
merit jump vector A U ( ~ ; 0 + AS), and Au~(~; 0 + AS), the
displacement jump, when the crack has advanced to the position { e.3
0 + AS. The infinitesimal amount 8~ normal to the planar
interfacial crack front edge 0S is used to describe the changes of o~
the crack surface (see Fig. 3). The total changes of the crack
surface are expressed as 0.1

AS =f 8~1d~2. (22) 0 0,2 OA

b/a
0.8 0,,8, 1
~S(~2)
Fig. 4 Stress Intensity factors of elliptical crack on x-axis and y-axis
Inserting (18), (20), and (22) into (21) gives (/~2/b¢1 = 0.5, vl = 0.3, v2 = 0.33)

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 crack surfaces without consideration of the oscillatory term, the Acknowledgment
crack displacement jumps can be expressed in the form of Che-
The first and the third authors are grateful for the financial
byshev polynomial, i.e.,
support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
~Xul(~, ~2) = ~/1 - (~,/a) 2 - (~2/b) 2
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n=0,2. . . . m=0,2 . . . .
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here Nakamura, T., 1991, "Three-Dimensional Stress Fields of Elastic Interface
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Elasticity, Moscow.
Qin, T.-Y., and Tang, R.-J., 1993, "Finite-Pan Integral and Boundary Element
The calculated results on the x-axis and y-axis are depicted in Method to Solve Embedded Planar Crack Problems," Int. Z Fracture, Vol. 60, pp.
Fig. 4 as a function of the aspect ratio of the elliptical crack and 373-38I.
compared with the available solutions (Shibuya, 1989). It is seen Rice, J. R., 1988, "Elastic Fracture Mechanics Concepts for Interfacial Cracks,"
that both results are in good agreement. ASME JOURNALOP APPLIEDMECHANICS,Vol. 55, pp. 98-103.
Shibuya, T., et al., 1989, "Stress Analysis of the Vicinity of an Elliptical Crack at
the Interface of Two Bounded Half-Spaces," JSME Int. J., Vol. 32, pp. 485-491.
Concluding Remark Takakuda, K., Koizumi, T., and Shibuya, T., 1985, "On Integral Equation Methods
for Cracks," Bulletin ofJSME, Vol. 28, pp. 217-224.
In the present paper, starting from the fundamental solution of a Tang, R.-J., and Qin, T.-Y., 1993, "A Hypersingular Integral Method for Three-
point force for three-dimensional elastic space problems of bima- Dimensional Crack Problems," Acta Mechanica Sinica, VoL 25, pp. 665-675.
terials, we have performed rigorous theoretical analyses of some Williams, M. L., 1959, "The Stresses Around a Fault or Crack in Dissimilar
Media," Bull. Seis. Soc. America, Vol. 49, pp. 199-204.
basic interracial crack problems by using the hypersingular inte- Willis, J. R., 1972, "The Penny-Shaped Crack on an Interface," Q. J. Mech. & Appl.
gral equation method and have obtained some useful results such Math., Vol. 25, pp. 367-385.
as a system of hypersingular integral equations for an arbitrarily Yuuki, R., and Xu, J.-Q., 1992, "A BEM Analysis of a Three-Dimensional
shaped planar interracial crack (6), singular stress fields (17), and lnterfacial Crack of Bimaterials," Transactions of JSME, Series A Vol. 58, No. 545,
pp. 19-46 (in Japanese).
stress intensity factors (18). These results are undoubtedly helpful Zak, A. R., and Williams, M. L., 1963, "Crack Point Stress Singularities at a
for us to study the three-dimensional interracial crack problems. Bimatefial Interface," ASME JOURNALOF APPLIEDMECHANICS,Vol, 30, pp. 142-143.

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