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Table of Contents

Demodulation .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Need of demodulation ............................................................................................................................ 2
Function of Envelope Detector .......................................................................................................... 2
Block Diagram ............................................................................................................................ 3
Experiment Description ................................................................................................................................ 4
Circuit Diagram ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Output of the Envelope Detector ............................................................................................................... 5
Simulation Results ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Observation ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................6
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Objective :
The objective of this report is to build a demodulator to demodulate the information signal which
is received by the receiver at the receiver end

Demodulation
Demodulation is the process of obtaining the original information signal from the modulated
signal which is received at the terminal of the receiver as an input signal.

Need of the Demodulation :

 Since when the signal is transmitted it is modulated before transmission with the help of a high
frequency modulated carrier wave, this process make the signal to match its characteristics with
channel characteristics.
 After modulation the low frequency signal is no more concentrated at low frequency rather it is
shifted to the position of modulator carrier frequency.
 To obtain the same signal which we have send at the receiver end we have to demodulate the
received signal, with the help of the demodulator.
 The job of the demodulator is to shift the modulated signal from high frequency to its original
low frequency position.
 Hence the same signal is collected at the receiver end as we try to send through modulation
process.

Function of Envelope Detector :

 This is a special technique to demodulate the modulated signal at the receiver end, modulated
signal is feed to the envelope detector as an input.
 Envelope detector is a circuit consisting of a suitable value of capacitor, resistor and diode, since
the signal is time varying have positive as well as negative values of the magnitudes.
 Due to the bi-polar nature of the message signal during the positive half cycle the capacitor
charge and forward biased the diode as the voltage falls below the diode threshold value diode
become reversed biased and the charged capacitor now going to discharge through the resistor
until the next value of the voltage peak come.
 This process of charging and discharging of the capacitor repeat itself according to the variations
in the amplitude of the applied input voltage to the detector.
 As a result the detector gives the output as amplitude variations of the original message signal.
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Block Diagram

Demodulation of the received signal ( fig:1 )

Message Envelope

Demodulation of the received signal ( fig:2 ) Message Envelope

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Experiment Description
 A amplitude modulated (AM) signal is received at the receiver side on the terminal of the
envelope detector as an input.
 Envelope detector is design on the basis of suitable values of the electrical components
including resistor capacitors and diodes as shown in the circuit diagram.
 Display the demodulated output of the envelope detector on the oscilloscope.
 Compare the message signal with the demodulated signal on the oscilloscope.
 Investigate the effect of variation of varying the message frequency and modulation index.

Circuit Diagram

Envelope Detector ( fig: 4)

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Output of Envelope Detector

Simulation Results

Output of envelope detector on oscilloscope ( fig: 6 )

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Observations
From the simulation results we observe that the detector detect the variation of the amplitude
modulated signal with the help of charging and discharging of the capacitor.

Conclusion
From the observation we conclude that the output of the detector gives the same amplitude envelope
as that of the message signal.