Oral Communication in Context

Name: _________________________________
Section: _____________________ Date: ___________________

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

■ These models represent communication as an orator to a large audience.

■ Speaker plays an important role in communication.
■ Speaker-centered
■ Speakers collects the material for his speech and organizes them on his
own way for deliver.
■ This model was used in the Greek Law courts and assemblies.
2. SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
 ■ Shannon was an American mathematician whereas Weaver was a scientist.
The Mathematical theory later came to be known as Shannon Weaver
model of communication or “mother of all models.” This model is more
technological than other linear models.
■ the sender encodes a messages and transmits it to the sender via a
channel. There is physical noise through that channel which can interfere
with the reception of the message. After the message passes through the
channel, the receiver decodes it in order to understand it.

3. WILBUR SCHRAMM
Schramm is considered the Father of Mass Communication. He came up with five models.
Schramm asserts that communication can take place if and only if there is an overlap between
the Field of experience of the speaker and the field of experience of the. Listener

■ Field of Experience are the things that influences the understanding and interpretation
of message like culture, social background, beliefs, experiences, values and rules.
Examples:
•A person who always eats with spoon is informed that that he has to eat with hands in that
place, the person will get offended because he will think it is impolite to eat that way.
•The teacher must deliver his/her lecture in either English or Filipino because that is the
language that students know and use.

■ Similar Experiences
■ Its pictures meaning-sharing process.

5. DAVID BERLO’S MODEL

■ In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR)

model of communication from Shannon Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949). He
described factors affecting the individual components in the communication making the
communication more efficient.

■ The model also focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before
sender sends the message and before receiver receives the message
respectively.
 ■ This model emphasized the relationship between the sender and receiver.
■ Berlo’s Model has mainly, four components to describe the communication
process. They are sender, message, channel and receiver.
■ Message- centered model
■ Encoding and decoding process is emphasized
■ It stresses the transmission of ideas
■ Message is the main element, stressing the transmission of ideas.

6. CONTEXTUAL-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION MODEL

■ Exchanging of cultures and traditions.

■ Ideas of feedback, context, and culture are added to the other elements of
communication.
■ The communication is within a meaningful text and in accordance with cultural
expectations.