Seminar 1: Laboratory Safety & Quality Management - blue: health risk

AUBF - yellow: reactivity (tendency to

explode)
- white: special hazard information
• W : reacts with water in an unusual or
dangerous manner

I. Biological Hazard
- caused by microorganisms
(bacteria, fungi, virus, or parasite)
- to prevent infection, one must know how IV. Electrical Hazard
organisms are transmitted - 2 major hazards:
1. Physical hazard from shocks
or burns
2. Danger from fire caused by
heat and sparks generated by
malfunctioning wiring or equipment

V. Fire / Explosive Hazards

- 3 elements: heat, fuel, oxidizing
agent (usually O2)
- prevented or extinguished by
Lab Safety Rules removing any one of them
1. Wear safety goggles when required - a fire naturally occurs when the
2. Wear hand gloves elements are combined in the right mixture
3. Wear face mask
• What to do in case of fire?
4. Wear lab coat
5. Wipe down your work area • Rescue: rescue anyone in immediate
danger
II. Sharp Hazard • Alarm: activate the institutional fire alarm
- needles, lancets, broken glassware system
- possible injuries: • Contain: close all doors to potentially
• cuts affected areas
• puncture • Extinguish: attempt to extinguish the fire, if
possible
• blood borne exposure

III. Chemical Hazard *Type of Fire Extinguishers

- chemical spills & exposure • Halon - liquefied, compressed gas
- if there is skin contact: • A - pressurized water
• flush the area with large amount of water for • BC - carbon dioxide
atlas 15 minutes, then seek medical • ABC - dry chemicals
attention
- remove contaminated clothing
• Training and Practice
• Chemical Labelling - Orientation & service training
• National Fire Protection Association 704 - Fire Drills
(NFPA 704) • P.A.S.S
- diamond with 4 colored sections
• P - Pull pin
- number indicating severity
• A - Aim at base of fire
• 0 - no hazard
• S - Squeeze handle
• 4 - severe hazard
- red: flammability • S - Sweep side to side
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 Variables Affecting Laboratory Results
• Types of Fire & Fire Extinguishers I. Pre-Analytical Factors
A. Specimen collection, handling, &
Fire Type / *Type of storage
Class Extinguisher
Category extinguisher
B. Information on requisition form:
- Actual date & time of specimen
Common collection
A materials: wood, Water A or ABC - Method of preservation (if any)
paper, clothing
- Time: receipt, the test was
performed
Flammable Dry Chemical - Test requested
organic CO2 - Patient identification
B ABC or BC
chemical: gas, Foam C. Specimen should be examined
alcohol, solvent Halon within 2 hours

Dry Chemical II. Analytical Factors

ABC, BC, or
C Electrical CO2 - reagents & test performance
Halon
Halon - instrument calibration &
maintenance
Combustible Metal X - competency of personnel performing the test
Sand or Dry
D Chemicals or (used as A. Reagents strips: ONCE A DAY
Powder
Metals cover) - checked against positive & negative controls
B. Temperature of refrigerator & water
Liquids designed to baths: DAILY
K Grease oil, Fats prevent splashing & C. Centrifuge:
cool the fire calibration: EVERY 3 MONTHS
disinfect: WEEKLY
D. Microscope: ANNUAL professional
cleaning
Quality Assessment and Management E. Deionized water:
• Quality Assessment (QA) pH & purity meter resistance: WEEKLY
- overall process of guaranteeing bacterial count: MONTHLY
quality patient care
- from test ordering & specimen
collection through reporting & interpreting of III. Post-Analytical Factors
results - reporting of results
• Quality Control • standardized format
- methods to monitor the accuracy of the • reference ranges
procedure - interpretation of results
-testing controls - medical errors are usually system
related
Urinalysis Procedure Manual
- to be reviewed ANNUALLY by designated • Waived - easy to perform & interpret
authority ex: Manual dipstick, Pregnancy test
1. Principle or purpose of the test • Provider-performed microscopy
2. Clinical significance - certain microscopic procedure in
3. Patient preparation conjunction with waived test
4. Specimen type & method of ex: Urine sediment exam, KOH prep
collection • Moderate complexity
5. Specimen acceptability & criteria - more difficult to perform
for rejection ex: Chemistry & Hematology Test
6. Reagents, standards, & controls • High Complexity
7. Instrument calibration & - require sophisticated
maintenance protocols instrumentation
8. Step by step procedure ex: Microbiology, Immunology,
9. Calculations Immunohematology, & Cytology
10. Normal values & critical values

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Quality Assurance Errors

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