PROJECT

IN
MAPEH
Submitted by: Ella Mae A. Aurestila

Submitted to: Ms. Marifel Maslog

The History of
Chess
 The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1500 years, although the earliest origins are
uncertain. The earliest predecessor of the game probably originated in India, before the 6th
century AD; a minority of historians believe the game originated in China. From India, the game
spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world
and subsequently spread to Southern Europe. In Europe, chess evolved into roughly its current
form in the 15th century.

"Romantic Chess" was the predominant chess playing style from the late 15th century to the
1880s.[1] Chess games of this period emphasized more on quick, tactical maneuvers rather
than long-term strategic planning.[1] The Romantic era of play was followed by the Scientific,
Hypermodern, and New Dynamism eras.[1] In the second half of the 19th century, modern
chess tournament play began, and the first World Chess Championship was held in 1886. The
20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess
Federation (FIDE). Developments in the 21st century include use of computers for analysis,
which originated in the 1970s with the first programmed chess games on the market. Online
gaming appeared in the mid-1990s.

Precursors to chess originated in India during the Gupta Empire.[4] There, its early form in the
6th century was known as chaturaṅga, which translates as "four divisions (of the military)":
infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry. These forms are represented by the pieces that
would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.[5]

Chess was introduced to Persia from India and became a part of the princely or courtly
education of Persian nobility.[6] In Sassanid Persia around 600 the name became chatrang,
which subsequently evolved to shatranj, due to Arab Muslims' lack of ch and ng native
sounds,[7] and the rules were developed further. Players started calling "Shāh!" (Persian for
"King!") when attacking the opponent's king, and "Shāh Māt!" (Persian for "the king is helpless"
– see checkmate) when the king was attacked and could not escape from attack. These
exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands.
 The Different
Chess Pieces and
its Function

Chess has 64 equal dark and light squares board that are alternately placed on it.
The eight vertical rows of squares are called “Files” and the horizontal rows of squares are
called “Ranks”.
Pawns - can only move forward. On their first move, they can move one or two squares.
Afterwards, they can move only one square at a time. They can capture an enemy piece by
moving one square forward diagonally.

Bishops - can move any number of squares diagonally.

Knights - an move only in an L-shape, one square up and two over, or two squares over
and one down, or any such combination of one-two or two-one movements in any direction.

Rooks - can move any number of squares, up and down and side to side.

Queen - can move any number of squares along ranks, files and diagonals.

King - can move one square at a time in any direction.

RULES
Castling
This move allows you to do two important things all in one move: get your king to safety
(hopefully), and get your rook out of the corner and into the game. On a player’s turn he may
move his king two squares over to one side and then move the rook from that side’s corner to
right next to the king on the opposite side. (See the example below.) However, in order to
castle, the following conditions must be met:
 it must be that king’s very first move
 it must be that rook’s very first move
 there cannot be any pieces between the king and rook to move
 The king may not be in check or pass through check
When you castle one direction the king is closer to the side of the board. That is called castling
kingside. Castling to the other side, through where the queen sat, is called castling queenside.
Regardless of which side, the king always moves only two squares when castling.

Promotion
Pawns have a special ability and that is that if a pawn reaches the other side of the board it can
become any other chess piece (called promotion). A pawn may be promoted to any piece.
[NOTE: A common misconception is that pawns may only be exchanged for a piece that has
been captured. That is NOT true.] A pawn is usually promoted to a queen. Only pawns may be
promoted.

En Passant
Another rule about pawns is called “en passant,” which is French for “in passing”. If a pawn
moves out two squares on its first move, and by doing so lands to the side of an opponent’s
pawn (effectively jumping past the other pawn’s ability to capture it), that other pawn has the
option of capturing the first pawn as it passes by. This special move must be done immediately
after the first pawn has moved past, otherwise the option to capture it is no longer available.
Click through the example below to better understand this odd, but important rule.

Check & Checkmate

The purpose of the game is to checkmate the opponent’s king. This happens when the king is
put into check and cannot get out of check. There are only three ways a king can get out of
check: move out of the way (though he cannot castle!), block the check with another piece, or
capture the piece threatening the king. If a king cannot escape checkmate then the game is
over. Customarily the king is not captured or removed from the board, the game is simply
declared over.
Draws
Occasionally chess games do not end with a winner, but with a draw. There are 5 reasons why a
chess game may end in a draw:

 The position reaches a stalemate where it is one player’s turn to move, but his king is
NOT in check and yet he does not have another legal move
 The players may simply agree to a draw and stop playing
 There are not enough pieces on the board to force a checkmate (example: a king and a
bishop vs. a king)
 A player declares a draw if the same exact position is repeated three times (though not
necessarily three times in a row)
 Fifty consecutive moves have been played where neither player has moved a pawn or
captured a piece.