China was a world leader in science and technology until the early years of the Qing

dynasty. Chinese discoveries and Chinese innovations such as papermaking, printing, the compass, and
gunpowder (the Four Great Inventions) contributed to the economic development in Asia and Europe.

Another invention:

 Abacus
 “shadow clock”
 First flying machine like kites and kongming lanterns
 Fan
 Acupuncture

Beginning around 5,500 years ago, the Sumerians built cities along the rivers in Lower
Mesopotamia, specialized, cooperated, and made many advances intechnology. The wheel,
plow, and writing (a system which we call cuneiform) are examples of their achievements

 The wheel
Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in
Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially
took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill
wheels.
 The agriculture
 Math and astronomy ( arithmetic)
-calendar
-zodiacal map

*Government and military

They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails,
and government records.

 Industry Creation
They developed trade, and established industries, including weaving, leather work, metalwork,
masonry, and pottery. Plus, frying pans, razors, cosmetic sets, shepherd’s pipes, harps, kilns to
cook bricks and pottery, bronze hand tools like hammers and axes, the plow, the plow seeder,.
- Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were
constructed.
-The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of roof
called a dome. They built this by constructing several arches. Sumerian temples and palaces
made use of more advanced materials and techniques, such as buttresses, recesses, half
columns, and clay nails.
- Sailboat
- the plow
 Writing & School

-Cuneiform
 BABYLONIAN
 Hanging garden
it is considered one of the greatest engineering and architectural achievements of the world
that is impossible to replicate.
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