Reasoning and General Intelligence

- Coding and Decoding

In this segment of commonsense reasoning, secret Pattern 3: Coding based on skipped sequence.
messages or words have to be decoded. They are coded Example: If the word ‘FACT’ is coded ad ‘IDFW’; then
as per a definite pattern/ rule which should be identified how will you ode ‘DEEP’?
1st. Then the same is applied to decode another coded Explanation: Here, you see that 2 letters are omitted n
word. Under this segment you come across two types of alphabetic sequence. The following diagram gives you
coding letter coding and number coding. Based on these the more clear picture:
two types of coding-decoding various types of problems F A C T
come your way. This chapter makes you familiar with +3 ↓ + 3 ↓ + 3 ↓ + 3 ↓
every types of problems based on coding-decoding. I D F W
Clearly, ‘F’ (skip 2 letters) ‘I’
‘A’ (skip 2 letters) ‘D’
TYPE I (CODING BY LETTER ‘C’ (skip 2 letters) ‘F’
SHIFTING) ‘T’ (skip 2 letters) ‘W’
Pattern 1: Coding in forward sequence Similarly, ‘DEEP’ can be coded. Let us see.
Example: If ‘GOOD’ is coded as ‘HPPE’, then how will D E E P
you code ‘BOLD’? +3 ↓ + 3 ↓ + 3 ↓ + 3 ↓
Explanation: Here, every letter of the word ‘Good’ G H H S
∴ Code for ‘DEEP’ will be ‘GHHS’.
shifts one place in forward alphabetical sequence. Let us
see:
G O O D TYPE II (CODING BY ANALOGY)
+1 ↓ + 1 ↓ + 1 ↓ + 1 ↓ Example: If ‘RPTFA’ stands for ‘BLADE’, how will
H P P E you code ‘BALE’.
Similarly, every letter in the word ‘BOLD’ will move
Explanation: Here, ‘BLADE’ has been coded as
one place in forward alphabetical sequence as given
’RPTFA’.V will see that all the letters in the word
below:
‘BALE’, which have to coded, are also there in the word
B O L D
+1 ↓ + 1 ↓ + 1 ↓ + 1 ↓ ‘BLADE’. Hence, all that needs to be done is to choose
C P M E the relevant code letters from the cd word ‘RPTFA’.
∴Code for ‘BOLD’ will be ‘CPME’. Therefore, B becomes R, A becomes T, L becomes P,
Pattern 2: Coding in backward sequence. and E becomes A. Therefore, ‘BALE’ will be coded as
Example: If ‘NAME’ is coded as ‘MZLD’, then how ‘RTRA:- Correct answer is ‘RPTA’.
will code SAME?
Explanation: Here, every letter of the word ‘MZLD’ TYPE III (CODINGBYREVERSING
moves one place in backward alphabet sequence. Let us LETTERS)
see: Example: If ‘TEMPERATURE’ is coded as
N A M E
‘ERUTAREPMET’ then how will you code
−1 ↓ − 1 ↓ − 1 ↓ − 1 ↓
M Z L D ‘EDUCATION’ following the same scheme.
Similarly, every letter of the word ‘SAME’ will move Explanation: Here, the word ‘TEMPERATURE’ has
one place in backward alphabet sequence. Let us see: been reversed. Hence, the code for ‘education’ will be
S A M E ‘NOITACUDE’,
−1 ↓ − 1 ↓ − 1 ↓ − 1 ↓
R Z L I
∴ Code for ‘SAME’ will be ‘RZLD’
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 Reasoning and General Intelligence
- Coding and Decoding

A E E C D ∴Code for AEECD = 15534

5 5 3 4
TYPE IV
1 Pattern 2: When alphabetical code value are given for
(CODING IN
numbers.
FICTIONS LANGUAGE)
Example: In a certain code 3 is coded as ‘R’, 4 is coded
In some cases of coding-decoding, fictions
as ‘D’ 5 is coded as ‘N’, 6 is coded as ‘P’, then find the
language is used to code some words. In such questions,
code for ‘53446’.
the codes for a group of words is given. In such types of
Explanation: As per the given condition
problems, codes for each can be found by eliminating
3 4 5 6
the common words.
R D N P
Example: In a certain code language ‘over and above’
is' as ‘da pa ta’ and, ‘old and beautiful’ is written as ‘Sa
na pa’ is ‘over’ written in that code language?
Now,
Explanation: Over and above= da Pa ta
5 3 4 4 6
Old andbeautiful = Sa na Pa
N R D D P
Clearly, ‘and’ is common in both and a common code is
∴Code for 53446 = NRDDP.
‘Pa’.
Code for ‘and’ must be ‘Pa’.
Code for ‘over’ = ‘da’ or ‘ta’. TYPE VI (MATHEMATICAL
Code for above = ‘da’ or ‘ta’. OPERATIONS WITH THE POSITION
Code for old = ‘Sa’ or ‘na’ NUMBERS OF LETTERS)
Code for beautiful =‘Sa’ or ‘na’ Example: In a certain code, if ‘TALE’ is written as 38,
We can’t certainly say what will be exact code for then how will you code ‘CAME’ using the same coding
‘over’. But it is sure that code for ‘over’ must be either scheme?
‘da’ or ‘ta’. Explanation: Look at the numbered alphabet and write
down the number corresponding to the letters of the
TYPE V (CODING BASED ON NUMBERS) word ‘TALE’.
Pattern 1: When numerical values are given to words. T A L E
20 1 12 5
Example: If in acertain language A is coded as 1, B is
coded as2. C is coded as 3 and so on, then find the code The fact that the code for ‘TALE’ is 38, gives you a clue
for AEECD. Explanation: As given the letters are coded that the code is probably obtained by performing an
as below: arithmetical operations of the numbers of each other. Let
A B C D E F G H I us see:
20+1 + 12+5 = 38
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Thus, the code for ‘CAME’ is CAME 3 + 1 + 13 + 5=22
Now,
Code for ‘CAME’=22

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 Reasoning and General Intelligence
- Coding and Decoding

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