Inverse function

In finding the inverse of a function in given equation, the FF. steps can be followed

 Replaced f(x) by Y.
 Substitute x with y and y by x
 Express y as a function of x and simplify

Denote the inverse as G(X)check the inverse by applying composition function.

That is F[g(x)] = G[f(x)] = x

ththa
Example
To check:
1.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5
𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 5 2
𝑥 −5 √𝑥 + 5

𝑥 + 5 = 𝑦2 (√𝑥 + 5) − 5 √𝑥 2 − 5 + 5

√𝑥 + 5 = √𝑦 2 𝑥+5−5 √𝑥 2

𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑥
√𝑥 + 5 = 𝑦
To check:
2.𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5
𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5 𝑥−5
2𝑥 + 5 2
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 5
𝑥−5 2𝑥+5−5
2( )+5
2 2
𝑥 − 5 = 2𝑦
2𝑥
𝑥−5+5
𝑥−5 2
=𝑦
2
𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑥
3.𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 3 To check:

𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 3 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥
𝑥+3
𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 3 3𝑥 − 3 3

𝑥 + 3 = 3𝑦 3(
𝑥+3
)−3
3𝑥∓3
3 3

3𝑥
𝑥+3−3 3

𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥+3
=𝑦
3
To check:
1
4.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4
2 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥
1 1
𝑦 = 𝑥−4 𝑥−4 2𝑥 + 8
2 2

1 1
1 (2𝑥 + 8) − 4 2 (2 𝑥 − 4) + 8
𝑥 = 𝑦−4 2
2 2𝑥+8
( )−4 𝑥−8+8
1 2
𝑥+4= 𝑦
2 𝑥+4−4

2(𝑥 + 4) = 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑥

2𝑥 + 8 = 𝑦
To check:
5.𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4
𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥
𝑦 =𝑥+4
𝑥+4 𝑥−4
𝑥 =𝑦+4 𝑥−4+4 𝑥+4−4
𝑥−4=𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑥

LIMIT OF FUNCTION
Is intended height of a function it describe the behavior of the function a specific value of x
which is independent value.

LIMIT THEOREM

Let c be constant n as any positive integer and f and g as given function which have limit at
k.

The limit of a constant as x approaches to any constant is always equal to given constant.

 LIMIT OF A FUNCTION

lim = k
x→k
REMEMBER

The limit of a constant as x approaches to any constant is always equal to given constant.

EXAMPLE

1. lim 100𝑥 𝑥
1 3. lim
𝑥→
25 𝑥→20 2
1
100lim 𝑥 lim 𝑥
𝑥→
1 2
𝑥→20
5. lim1 9𝑥
25 𝑥→
15
1 1 9 lim 𝑥
100 ( ) (20) 𝑥→
1
25 2 15
1
100 10 9( )
15
25 9
4.lim1 24𝑥
4 𝑥→ 15
4

2. lim 4𝑥 24 lim 𝑥 3
𝑥→8 1
𝑥→ 5
4
4lim 𝑥
𝑥→8 1
24( )
4(8) 4
6
32

 LIMT OF CONSTANT AND FUNCTION

lim lim[𝑓(𝑥 )] = 𝑐 lim 𝑙𝑖𝑚

𝑥→𝑘 𝑥→𝑘
REMEMBER

In evaluating the limits of a constant and a function step

 Express the limits as product of a constant and the limit of a function x.

 Find the limit of a function and based on the given value for x.
 Simplify the result.
EXAMPLE

1. lim 5𝑥 3.lim1 6𝑥
𝑥→5 𝑥→
2

5lim 𝑥
𝑥→5 6 lim 𝑥
1
𝑥→
2
5(5)
1
6( )
25 2 5. lim 12𝑥
𝑥→3
2.lim 6𝑥 3
𝑥→2 12 lim 𝑥
𝑥→3
4.lim 100𝑥
6lim 𝑥 𝑥→0
𝑥→2 12(3)
100 lim 𝑥
6(2) 𝑥→0 36
12 100(0)

 LIMIT OF THE SUM AD DIFFERENCE OF FUNCTION

lim [𝑓(𝑥 ) ± 𝑔(𝑥 )] = lim 𝑓(𝑥 )

𝑥→𝑘

REMEMBER

In evaluating the limits of a sum and difference of function

 Express the limit

 Apply the previous theorem
 Simplify the result

EXAMPLE

1. lim3 8𝑥 − 17 24
𝑥→ − 17
4 4
6 − 17
8lim 𝑥 − 17
3
𝑥→
4 -11
3
8 ( ) − 17
4
 20 1
2.lim1 −4 3. lim 100𝑥 − 34
𝑥→7
𝑥→ 𝑥
2
100 lim 𝑥 − 34
1 1 𝑥→7
20lim −
1 𝑥 4
𝑥→
2 100(7) − 34
20 1 700 − 34
−
1 4
2 666
5. lim 10𝑥 +2
1 4.lim 4𝑥 − 3 𝑥→2
20(2) − 𝑥→3
4 10lim 𝑥 + 2
4 lim 𝑥 − 3 𝑥→2
40 − 1 𝑥→3

4 4(3) − 3 10(2) + 2
39
12 − 3 20 + 2
4
9
22
 LIMIT OF PRODUCT OF FUNCTION

lim [𝑓(𝑥 ) ∗ 𝑔(𝑥 )] = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ∗ lim 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑘 𝑥→𝑘 𝑥→𝑘

REMEMBER

In evaluating the limits of product of function

 Express the limit

 Apply the previous theorem
 Simplify the result

EXAMPLE

1.lim(𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 − 7)
𝑥→2

lim(𝑥 + 8) lim (𝑥 − 7)
𝑥→2 𝑥→2

(2 + 8)(2 − 7)

(10)(−5)

50
 4.lim(4𝑥)(𝑥 + 4)
𝑥→2

2.lim(𝑥 + 3)(3𝑥) lim(4𝑥) lim(𝑥 + 4)

𝑥→1 𝑥→2 𝑥→2

lim(𝑥 + 3) lim 3𝑥 4(2)(2 + 4)

𝑥→1 𝑥→1

(1 + 3)[3(1)] (8)(6)

(4)(3) 48
3
12 5.lim( 2 𝑥) (6)
𝑥→2
3.lim(2𝑥) (𝑥) 3
𝑥→4
lim 𝑥 lim(6)
𝑥→2 2 𝑥→2
lim( 2𝑥)(lim 𝑥)
𝑥→4 𝑥→4
3
[ (2)](6)
[2(4)](4) 2

(8)(4) (3)(6)

32 18

 LIMIT OF QUOTIENT OF FUNCTION

lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑘
lim =
𝑥→𝑘 𝑔(𝑥) lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑘

REMEMBER

In evaluating the limits of a sum and difference of function

 Express the limit

 Apply the previous theorem
 Simplify the result

EXAMPLE
 25 − 5
20
0
4𝑥−8
4.lim1 1
5𝑥 𝑥→ 𝑥
4
1.lim 2𝑥+1 2
𝑥→2
lim 4𝑥 − 8
lim 5𝑥 𝑥→
1
𝑥→2 2
lim 2𝑥 + 1 1
𝑥→2 lim1 4 𝑥
𝑥→
2
5(2)
2(2) + 1 1
4 (2) − 8
10 1 1
4 (2)
5
2−8
2
1 2
5𝑥+5 4 (1)
2.lim
𝑥→5 6
1
−6( )
lim 5𝑥 + 5 2
𝑥→5
lim 6 −3
𝑥→5

3𝑥−4
5(5) + 5 5. lim
𝑥→−4 𝑥
6
lim 3𝑥−4
𝑥→−4
30 lim 𝑥
𝑥→−4
6
3(−4) − 4
5
(−4)
5𝑥−5
3.lim −12 − 4
𝑥→5 4𝑥
−4
lim 5𝑥 − 5
𝑥→5
−16
lim 4𝑥
𝑥→5 −4
5(5) − 5 4
4(5)
 LIMIT OF POWER FUNCTION

lim [𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 = [lim 𝑓(𝑥)𝑛 ]

𝑥→𝑘 𝑥→𝑘
EXAMPLE

1.lim 𝑥 2
𝑥→3

32 4.lim 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 4
𝑥→5

9 2 lim 𝑥 3 + 2 lim 𝑥 + lim −4

𝑥→5 𝑥→5 𝑥→5

2.lim 𝑥 2 + 4 2(53 ) + 2(5) − 4

𝑥→7

(lim 𝑥 2 ) + (lim 4) 2(125) + 10 − 4

𝑥→7 𝑥→7
250 + 10 − 4
(72 ) + (4)
256
49 + 4
5.lim 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 45
53 𝑥→3

3.lim 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 lim 𝑥 3 + 2 lim 𝑥 2 − 10 lim 𝑥 − lim 45

𝑥→2 𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3

3 (33 ) + 2 (32 ) − 10 (3) − 45

(lim 𝑥 2 ) + lim 𝑥
𝑥→2 𝑥→2
3 (27) + 2 (9) − 30 − 45
(22 ) + 2
81 + 18 − 30 − 45
4+2
24
6

 LIMIT OF ROOT OF FUNCTION

𝑛
lim √𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛√ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑘 𝑥→𝑘

Where limit f(x)> 0;when n is even.

EXAMPLE

1. lim √𝑥 √81
𝑥−81

9
√ lim 𝑥
𝑥→81
 (lim 22 ) (lim √𝑥)
𝑥→4 𝑥→4

(22 )(√4)
2.lim 2𝑥 √𝑥
𝑥→4 (4)(2)
(2 lim 𝑥) (lim √𝑥) 8
𝑥→4 𝑥→4

2(4)(√4) 3.lim √4𝑥

𝑥→4

(8)(2) (√4(4))
16
√16
2 5. lim √𝑥 2
4. lim 3.lim
√5𝑥 2 √𝑥 𝑥→10
𝑥→10 𝑥→4 4
√(10)2
√5(10)
√100
5√2
Other techniques in evaluating 10
limits of function

SUBSTITUTION THEOREM

If a function f is a polynomial functions or a rational function the lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑘) provide
𝑥→𝑘 𝑥→𝑘
that in case of rational function the value of denominator k is ≠ 0.

FACTORING
Factoring method is used when:

The limit of the given rational function is undefined.

 Factor either the denominator or numerator

 Cancel the common factor
 Apply the substitution theorem
 Simply
BY CONJUGATION
Conjugation method is used when

The limit of the given rational function is undefined; or

Either the numerator or denominator is composed of radicals

 Get the conjugate of the radical

 Multiply the conjugate to numerator and denominator
 Cancel the common factor
 Apply the substitution theorem
 Simply