GE 152: Reference Systems and Reference Frames

DATUM TRANSFORMATION
(PRS92 AND WGS84)
THIRD LONG EXAM
2nd Semester AY 2013-2014

Submitted by:
Vincent Azucena | 2010-32927
Sandra S. Pulmano | 2011-30327
GE 152 WFJKLM

Submitted to:
Ms. Sheryl Reyes
1. INTRODUCTION

The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard coordinates system used

in cartography, geodesy, and navigation. Its origin is located at the Earth’s center
of mass. The latest version of this scheme, the WGS84, is the datum used by the
Global Position System (GPS).
Philippine Reference System of 1992 (PRS92) is a national network of
geodetic control points and the standard reference system for all surveying and
mapping activities in the Philippines. It is established in 1992 through the use of
GPS technology by Natural Resource Management and Development Project
(NRMDP) of the DENR in collaboration with the Government of Australia.
The National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) is
the government agency responsible for the establishment and maintenance of
the primary (first and second-order) control points. The point are then densified
by the DENR Regional Composite Survey Teams by conducting survey projects
that will establish third, fourth and other lower-control points.
Since the data from the GPS is based on WGS84, a transformation formula
is necessary for it to be used in local surveys. In this paper, this formula will be
discussed with examples of transformation from WGS84 to PRS92 and vice-
versa. This paper will also give an overview to a Python program that
implements this transformation

2. MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS

In datum transformation, 7 parameters are needed including 3

translational parameters, 3 rotational parameters, and 1 scale factor with the
equation:

For WGS84 to PRS92 datum transformation, the parameters are shown

below. For PRS92 to WGS84 datum transformation, the values of the parameters
are the same except that its signs are opposite of that with the parameters for
WGS84 to PRS92.
Rotational Parameters Translation Parameters
(radians)
Rx -1.48722(10-5) ΔX +127.62195
Ry +2.37700(10-5) ΔY +67.24478
Rz +7.64988(10 )-6 ΔZ +47.04305
Scale
+1.06002
 Using the parameters above and the parameters of the datum:
WGS84 PRS92
a 6378137 6378206.4
b 6356583.8 6356752.31420
f 1/298.257223563 1/294.8

The first eccentricity e2 of is calculated from: e2 = 2f – f2 (PRS92), the

radius of the prime vertical N of WGS84:
𝑎
N=
√1 −𝑒 2 (sin 𝜑)2

and the WGS84 Cartesian coordinates:

𝑋1 (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆
[ 𝑌1 ] = [ (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜆 ]
𝑍1 (𝑁 + ℎ)(1 − 𝑒 2 )𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑
The values calculated and the parameters above will be used to compute
for the PRS92 Cartesian coordinates X2, Y2, and Z2.
The value of the PRS92 longitude can now be computed as

Y 
  tan 1  
X
and the initial value of the latitude can be computed as
Z
0  tan 1
D(1  e2 )

where D  X  Y . The initial value of the PRS92 prime vertical will be

2 2

calculated as a
N0 
1  e2 sin 2 0
Improved values of the latitude and the prime vertical can be calculated
by iterating the equation of the N above and the equation of the latitude given as
Z  e2 N 0 sin 0
0  tan 1
D
After obtaining the value of the latitude when the iteration converges, the
height can now be computed as
𝐷
ℎ= −𝑁.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑
3. WORKING EXAMPLE

Figure 1. Working example for WGS84-PRS92 Transformation

 a 6378206.4
b 6356752.314
f 1/294.98
e2 0.006768628

ɸ = 13.5613888888889 ʎ = 121.8675 h = 271.17972

6379393.611930 6201799

X= -3274279.076
Y= 5267006.396
Z= 1485823.775

Rotational Parameters Translation Parameters Using WGS84 Parameters:

Rx 1.48722E-05 DX -127.62195
Ry -2.377E-05 DY -67.24478
Rz -7.64988E-06 DZ -47.04305
Scale (1 + Scale(10-6))
-1.06002 0.99999894
Z
6201798.707 0  tan 1 = 35.91584
D(1  e2 )

121.8688827

i Ni ɸi
1 6379310.93246067 13.55997224
2 6379310.93171575 13.55997221
3 6379310.93171104 13.55997221
4 6379310.93171101 13.55997221

319.74042298

Figure 2. Working example for PRS92-WGS84 Transformation

4. FLOWCHART
WGS84 to PRS92

Start

Input WGS 84
latitude, longitude
(in decimal degrees)
and height

Computes for WGS84

N1, X1, Y1, Z1, PRS92
X2, Y2, Z2, D and then
computes its longitude,
initial N2 and latitude

i=1

Computes new latitude

in terms of N2 and new
N2 in terms of the new
latitude

i+=1
no yes

Is i = 20?

Compute h

Print PRS92 latitude

(lat2), longitude
(long2), and height
(h2)
 PRS92 to WGS84

Start

Input PRS92
latitude, longitude
(in decimal degrees)
and height

Computes for PRS92 N1, X1,

Y1, Z1, PRS92 X2, Y2, Z2, D
and then computes its
longitude long1, initial N2
and latitude lat0

tol = 1 x 10-12
diff = 0
within_tolerance = False

Computes new latitude in terms of

N2 and new N2 in terms of the new
latitude
no
diff = lat2 – lat0
lat0 = lat2
yes

Is |diff| < tol?

Compute h

Print PRS92 latitude

(lat2), longitude
(long2), and height
(h2)
5. PROGRAM SCREENSHOTS

Figure 3. WGS84 to PRS92 Transformation

C
o
m
p
a
r
i
n
g

w
i
t
h
Figure 4. PRS92 to WGS84 Transformation

Comparing to the working example, the calculated latitude using the

program is accurate up to 5 decimal places, the longitude up to 9 decimal places,
and the height up to 1 decimal place. The program only accepts latitude and
longitude inputs in decimal.
6. REFERENCES

Retrieved March 28, 2014 from

http://www.namria.gov.ph/prs92/about.asp

Retrieved March 28, 2014 from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System

Ang, Rosario. GE 151: Introduction to Geodesy. The Philippine

Reference System of 1992. 2012. PDF file.