Swach bharat Abhiyaan

Topic:-To study on output of swach bharat abhiyaan

To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage

and to put focus on sanitation, the Prime
Minister of India launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan on 2nd
October, 2014. SBA aims to achieve Swachh Bharat by
2019, as a fitting tribute to the 150th Birth Anniversary of
Mahatma Gandhi.

Objective:-
 To make India clean through behavioural change.
 To promote idea of Smart City. A city needs to be clean
before it becomes smart.
 To eliminate the burden of communicable disease which
India has like Malaria, Diarrhea, Cholera.
 To fulfill SDG Goal 6 of UN: Ensure availability and
sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
 To emphasize on the fact that clean mind and body reside
in clean environment.
 To effectively and efficiently handle waste generated.
People are encouraged to separate wet and dry garbage for
this.

Literature review:-
 Out of the 800 million people residing in Indian villages,
600 million defecate in open. Open defecation is one of the
major reasons for children suffering with diarrhoea,
cholera and typhoid. Recent rape incidents in the country
also highlight a strong and an immediate need to provide
safe sanitation facilities to the otherwise vulnerable girls
and women. The government has been trying to tackle this
issue since 1986, however has only been able to achieve
very little or minimal success till date. The Total Sanitation
Campaign (TSC, now renamed to SBM) launched in 1999,
provided financial incentives to below poverty line (BPL)
households to construct and use individual household
latrines (IHHL). Also, to add vigour to the TSC, the
government of India in 2003 initiated an incentive scheme
for fully sanitized & open defecation free Gram Panchayats,
Blocks, and Districts, called the Nirmal Gram Puraskar
(NGP). NGP promoted the role of Gram Panchayats and
local communities in achieving community wide total
sanitation status. However, this policy failed to translate
into practice and was transformed into a government-led,
infrastructure-centred, supply-driven and subsidy-based
program. The policy lacked sustainability and inspite of
planting thousands of toilets across the country, the
involvement of the beneficiaries’ seemed minimal. Census
data also went on to show that only 1 out of the 5 toilets
which were constructed in 2001 were still in place in 2011,
implying that the real coverage was just 31%1. The rest
became defunct either because of low construction quality,
lack of maintenance or incomplete status. People started
using their toilets either for storage, bathing and or
washing clothes. On a whole, during the TSC campaign
which lasted till 2012, the population growth outpaced the
toilet coverage and the number of rural households without
toilets went up to 8.3 million, which means that those
defecating in the open increased by 10,000 people every
day2. Past research has also shown that although subsidies
can help in overcoming financial constraints they do not
necessarily convert into the desired action3. The success
must therefore be measured on the basis of the final impact
(elimination of open defecation) instead of the final output
(construction of toilets of externally prescribed designs)