Part 1

Group Bah Kuning

Members:

1. Mohd Faiz Alzry bin Mat Yuna

CGSO1649730

2. Mohd Zulhainan bin Mohd Isa

CGSO1635630

3. Paramasivam a/l Karuppannam

CGSO1635230

4. Norhaliza bte Kirpawi

CGSO0718130

Kelantan “Bah Kuning 2014” Disaster

(a) When did it happen?

Torrential rains that began on the 17th of December, 2014, led to flash flooding and forced
3390 people in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, to flee their homes. Later, three days of continuous heavy
rain fell from the 21st to the 23rd of December, 2014, in Gua Musang

The 2014 flood was the most significant and largest recorded flood in the history of Kelantan.
It was considered to be a “tsunami-like disaster” in which 202,000 victims were displaced.
This flood was called ‘Bah Kuning’ (yellow-coloured flood) because of its high mud content.

(b) Why & how does it happen?

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 A record-setting rainfall of 1 295 mm, equivalent to the amount of rain usually seen in a span
of 64 days. As a result, the water levels of three major rivers, the Sungai Galas in Dabong, the
Sungai Lebir in Tualang and the Sungai Kelantan, rose drastically above the water levels
considered dangerous.

Geological factors also contribute to flooding sediment in the river, geomorphology of the
riverbanks and the infiltration rate of the ground soil. Double ring field test was used to
determine the permeability of the area. Turbidity results after flood increase 1.5 times
compared to before flood. Geomorphology of the Kelatan riverbanks shows geomorphological
processes have extensively occurred and modified the river pattern. The geomorphology of
the Kelatan river has changed due to continuous erosion which lead to high amount of sediment
being deposited at the river banks. This affects flood conditions as it reduces the area for the
high amount of water from upstream to flow to the sea, resulting in the water overflowing the
river banks and causing flooding.

(c) What is the effect of the disaster?

Liza pls add add how many were displaced, loss of houses, area involve, transportation block,
no communication,
Shortage of food supply, infrastructure damage – takes year to repair

(d) Classification of disaster

Natural disaster with effect of manmade factor (forestry cutting, landslide , Combination of
natural and manmade show call hybrid disaster.)

(e) How does this disaster manage by the authority?

Floods are an annual occurrence of varying severities in Kelantan state on the east coast
of Peninsular Malaysia. As stated in Malaysia National Security Directive 20 MNSC 20
(Policy and Mechanism in the Management of National Disaster and Relief in Malaysia), every
Level (District, State and Federal) had been prepared for this kind disaster (flood) at the end

Internal
 of year 2014. Coordination meeting had been held at every level and all the preparation by
each agency were reported in the meeting.
Unluckily, the preparation is not comprehensive enough and not expected a massive flood to
hit in that year. When it was first hit Kelantan in the middle of December 2014, every agency
at each level had performed their duties and responsibilities as planned and prepared but cannot
cop up with the impact from this disaster.
In the early of January 2015, the flood has receded and the agencies started to execute the
recovery programmed. As the unpredictable massive flood had damaged a lot of houses,
buildings, bridges, road, railroad, the recovery programmed was not successful done. A lot of
these infrastructure are left collapsed for moths and years. During recovery period also, a lot
of NGOs started to enter the red zone to offer help but failed to accomplished their mission
because these volunteering works are not planned, organized and managed correctly.
Even though the MNC 20 has give complete directive on handling disaster in Malaysia but
government agencies need to anticipate the worst disaster they will face in the future and
prepared.

(f) What improvement can be made towards disaster management in Malaysia?

Standard operating procedures (SOPs) need to be kept in writing for various levels of the
disaster response, i.e., from the activation of it to the post-disaster phase. These SOPs must be
tested and drilled with all personnel involved at regular intervals. Drill outcomes must have
measurable parameters for the institution’s continued development.

An effective communication system is of paramount importance to the coordination of rescue

and relief operations. In the present flood disaster, the main network was disrupted extensively
in almost all of the district’s. Thus, it is crucial to establish an alternative communication
system to handle such emergencies efficiently and effectively. The chain of command within
this communication system should be tested from time to time
During any disaster, a sudden influx of both healthcare and non-healthcare volunteer workers
should be expected. Protocols need to be in place to manage and coordinate these volunteers

Internal
 so that manpower specialties are channeled to specific areas in the best possible way. This is
also true of managing incoming medical equipment and drugs during a disaster.

Flood-prone areas and supply roads should be mapped manually or using geographical
information systems with overlying existing healthcare facilities to identify unaffected areas
and clinics/ hospitals. This is important for placing pre-planned medical equipment at strategic
sites for swift mobilization to flooded areas.

Liza pls add on more

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