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Presented By: Shivam Gupta Roll No.03 Sourabh Modgil Roll No.44 5 Sem. Mba-5 Year
Presented By: Shivam Gupta Roll No.03 Sourabh Modgil Roll No.44 5 Sem. Mba-5 Year
Shivam gupta
roll no.03
Sourabh modgil
Roll no.44
5th Sem.
MBA-5 YEAR
What Is Constitution:
Supreme law of India.
Longest written constitution of any sovereign country
in the world, containing 448 articles in 25 parts, 12
schedules and 97 amendments.
Besides the English version, there is an official Hindi
translation.
B. R. Ambedkar is the Chief Architect of Indian
Constitution.
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Constitution was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 26
November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950.
Date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the Purna
Swaraj declaration of independence of 1930.
It declares India to be a sovereign, socialist,
secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens
of justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to
promote fraternity among them.
Introduction:
Defined as the basic human rights of all citizens.
Defined in Part III of the Constitution, apply irrespective of
race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed or gender.
According to the constitution, every citizen has certain
rights, known as the Fundamental Rights of a citizen, and the
constitution guarantees every citizen of those.
History:
Constitution was formed on the 26th of November in 1949 by
the Constituent Assembly and came into force on the 26th of
January 1950.
Fundamental Duties of the citizens of India mentioned in
Article 51A of the Indian Constitution.
By the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution, adopted in
1976, Fundamental Duties of the citizens have also been
enumerated.
Development of constitutional rights in India was inspired by
historical documents such as England's Bill of Rights,
the United States Bill of Rights and France's Declaration of
the Rights of Man.
Fundamental Rights:
The Right to Equality.
Right to Freedom
Right against Exploitation
Right to Freedom of Religion
Cultural and Educational Rights
Right to Constitutional Remedies
Fundamental Duties:
To abide by the Constitution and respect the ideals and
Institutions.
To respect the National Flag and the National Anthem.
To realize and follow the essential ideals of secularism,
democracy and non-violence.
To preserve the culture and heritage.
To protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of the nation.
To safeguard the public property.
To defend the country even at the cost of our life.
To protect natural resources.
To avoid Dowry, Gambling, and other Social evils.
To strive towards excellence in the respective spheres of
activities of the individuals.
from different countries:
From U.K.-
Nominal Head – President (like Queen)
Cabinet System of Ministers
Post of PM
Parliamentary Type of Govt.
Bicameral Parliament
Lower House more powerful
Council of Ministers responsible to Lower House
Speaker in Lok Sabha.
From U.S.:
Written Constitution.
Executive head of state known as President and his being
the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
Fundamental Rights.
Supreme Court.
Provision of States.
Independence of Judiciary and judicial review.
Preamble.
Removal of Supreme court and High court Judges.
From USSR :
Fundamental Duties.
Five year Plan.
From AUSTRALIA:
Concurrent list.
Language of the preamble.
Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse.
From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF
GERMANY:
Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the
emergency.
From JAPAN:
From IRELAND:
Concept of Directive Principles of States
Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN).
Method of election of President.
Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha
by the President.
Fundamental Rights:
Right to Equality:
Article 14 :- Equality before law and equal protection of
law
Article 15 :- Prohibition of discrimination on grounds
only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Article 16 :- Equality of opportunity in matters of public
employment
Article 17 :- End of untouchability
Article 18 :- Abolition of titles, Military and academic
distinctions are, however, exempt
Right to Freedom:
Article 19 :- It guarantees the citizens of India the
following six fundamentals freedoms:-
Freedom of Speech and Expression
Freedom of Assembly
Freedom of form Associations
Freedom of Movement
Freedom of Residence and Settlement
Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade and Bussiness
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Article 20 :- Protection in respect of conviction for
offences
Article 21 :- Protection of life and personal liberty
Article 22 :- Protection against arrest and detention in
certain cases
Right Against Exploitation
Article 23 :- Traffic in human beings prohibited.