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Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte (OATAO)

OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and
makes it freely available over the web where possible.

This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/


Eprints ID : 17755

To cite this version : Palacios, Juan and Zarate, Ricardo and Torres,
Guiuseppe and Denux, Jean-Philippe and Maco, José and Gallardo,
George and Mori, Tony and Rengifo, Jhon and Jarama, Anita and
Marin, María and Garcia, Franco and Cuadros, Angela Mapeo de los
bosques tipo varillal utilizando imágenes de satélite rapideye en la
provincia maynas, loreto, Perú. (2016) Folia Amazonica, vol. 25 (n°
1). pp. 25-36. ISSN 1018-5674

Any correspondance concerning this service should be sent to the repository


administrator: staff-oatao@listes-diff.inp-toulouse.fr
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