CASE3: Metallic Bicycle Components

To illustrate why given materials are used for an application. To give

students the opportunity to produce and analyses experimental data in
conjunction with carrying out independent research on the topic. To help
them to understand and interpret microstructures in relation to material
properties.
The aim of the group sessions are as follows:
1. To ensure that progress is being made;
2. To enable appointments to be made with the postgraduate students
to answer specific technical questions:
3. To provide an opportunity for the group to meet and detail
activities for the following week;
4. To ensure the egalitarian operation of groups.
Students are expected to carry out independent research on the topic
to use in conjunction with their experimental data. In the final weeks,
students address their case study objective by handling in their group
report and giving a presentation. They also must submit an individual
executive summary, which is used as an individual component to the
group work.

I. Abstract
A technique for assembling a composite bike outline adjusts ventured
shaping. The seat remains joined with the seat bolster implies which are
associated with parts of the best tube and seat tube, and the chain remains
joined with the pedal help implies which are associated with parts of the
down tube and seat tube, are shaped individually. The seat stays associate
with the chain remains by embeddings a couple of back wheel dropouts
there between, to shape considerably a couple of back triangles of the bike
outline. The seat tube and the controlling help implies associated with the
best tube and down tube are laid up separately. The cured back triangles
interface with uncured seat tube and guiding help implies related with top
tube and down tube, wherein the best tube, down tube, and seat tube frame a
front triangle. The front triangle is cured with the end goal that assembling
of the entire bike outline is finished.

Bar ends - the angled extensions attached to the ends of some flat
handlebars and riser handlebars that provide an alternate place to rest your
hands.
Bottom bracket - the collection of ball bearings and spindle housed within
the bottom bracket shell of the frame, which provides the "shaft" mechanism
on which the crank arms turn.
Braze-ons - threaded sockets that may or may not be present on the bike
frame that provide a place to attach accessories such as bottle cages, cargo
racks, and fenders.
Cage - the preferred fancy name for water bottle holder.
Cassette - the collection of gears that is attached to the rear wheel on most
modern bicycles (see "Freewheel").
Chainrings - the gears that are attached to the right-hand crank arm nearer
to the front of the bike. A bike with two chainrings is said to have a "double
crank;" a bike with three chainrings is said to have a "triple crank."

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Cog - a single gear on a cassette or freewheel gear cluster, or the single rear
gear on a fixed-gear bike.
Crank arms - the pedals screw into these; these bolt onto the bottom
bracket spindle.
Cyclocomputer - the preferred fancy word for an electronic
speedometer/odometer.
Derailer - the device that is bolted to the frame that handles the job of
moving the chain from one gear to another when you shift gears. The front
derailerhandles the shifting on your chainrings and is usually controlled by
your left-hand shifter. The rear derailer handles the shifting on your
cassette or freewheel, and is usually controlled by your right-hand shifter.
Derailer hanger - a part of the frame where the rear derailleur is attached. It
is usually an integrated part of the frame on steel and titanium bikes, but is a
separate, replaceable piece on aluminum and carbon fiber bikes.
Drop bar - the type of handlebar found on road racing bikes, with the half-
circle-shaped curved ends that extend below the top, flatter part of the bar.
Dropouts - the U-shaped notches at the rear of the bike frame, and at the
bottom ends of the front fork legs, where the wheels are held in place. So-
called because if you loosen the bolts holding a wheel in place, the wheel
"drops out."
Fixed gear - a type of bicycle that has a single gear and does not have a
freewheel or cassette/freehub mechanism, so you are unable to coast. If the
wheels are moving, you have to be pedaling. "Fixie" for short.
Flat bar - a handlebar with little or no upward or downward curve; some
flat bars will have a slight backward curve, or "sweep."
Fork - the two-legged part of the frame that holds the front wheel in place.
The steerer tube is a part of the fork that extends up into the frame through
the head tube.
Frame - the main structural part of the bicycle, commonly made of steel,
aluminum, titanium, or carbon fiber. Composed of a top tube, head
tube, down tube, bottom bracket shell, seat tube, seat stays, and chain
stays (see image). A frame and fork sold as a combination are referred to as
a frameset.

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Freehub body - a part of the hub on most rear wheels, it provides that
coasting mechanism that transfers power to your wheel when you are
pedaling forward, but allows the rear wheel to turn freely when you are
pedaling backwards or not pedaling at all. The cassette is attached to the
freehub body.
Freewheel - the collection of gears attached to the rear wheel found on
mostly older bicycles and some lower-end modern bicycles. Both the gears
and the coasting mechanism are part of the freewheel component, as
opposed to cassette gears, where the gears are a solid, non-moving
component, and the coasting mechanism is part of the wheel's hub.
Headset - the collection of bearings housed within the head tube of the bike
frame; it provides smooth steering.
Hub - the central component of a wheel; inside the hub are the axle and ball
bearings.
Nipple - A small flanged nut that holds a spoke in place on the rim of a
wheel. Turning the nipples with a spoke wrench is what allows the tension in
the spokes to be adjusted, in order to "true" the wheel, i.e. make sure the
wheel is perfectly round.
Rim - the outer "hoop" part of a wheel. Usually made of aluminum,
although can be made of steel on some older or low-end bikes, or made of
carbon fiber on some high-end racing bikes.
Rim strip or Rim tape - a layer of material, usually cloth, plastic, or rubber,
that is installed around the outside of a rim (between the rim and inner tube),
to prevent the ends of the spokes from puncturing the inner tube.
Riser bar - a type of handlebar with a "U" shape in the middle. Some riser
bars have a very shallow "U" shape, like on some mountain bikes and most
hybrid bikes, but some have a very deep "U" shape, like on some retro-style
cruiser bikes.
Saddle - the preferred fancy word for "seat."
Seatpost - the rod that connects the saddle to the frame.
Seatpost clamp - the collar located at the top of the seat tube on the frame,
which holds the seatpost at the desired height. Some seatpost clamps have a

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quick-release lever that allows for easy, tool-free adjustment, while others
require a tool to tighten or loosen the clamp.
Stem - the part that connects the handlebar to the frame. Do not call this the
"gooseneck," unless you want to make it perfectly clear that you are a
clueless newbie. Stems come in two varieties, threadless--which clamps to
the outside of the fork's steerer tube, and threaded, which is held in place by
an expanding wedge bolt inside the fork's steerer tube.
Wheel - the complete assembly of hub, spokes, nipples, and rim.

II. Major Materials Used

FRAME- uses four deliberately situated turn focuses (the four red spots) and
two linkages that all work to make a solitary drifting turn point (the red
circle).This single gliding turn point enhances accelerating effectiveness by
balancing accelerating powers that would somehow or another make
suspension pressure (crouching) or pedal kickback (swaying). Both
genuinely impede execution by sapping vitality from you and your bicycle.

FORK SHOCK -
A fork’s purpose is obviously to hold and steer the front wheel. The
biggest variable between forks is a characteristic called “rake”. Rake
refers to the curvature or angle of the fork blades. More rake will

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 equate to faster steering (i.e. less input required to make the bike
turn). The product of head angle and fork rake gives you a
measurement what is referred to as “trail“. Trail is a figure that will
reflect how fast a bike actually steers. More trail equates to slower
steering, less trail will make faster steering.

TIRES - A bicycle tire is a tire that fits on the wheel of

a bicycle, unicycle, tricycle, quadracycle, bicycle trailer, or trailer bike. They
may also be used on wheelchairs and handcycles, especially for racing.
Bicycle tires provide an important source of suspension, generate the lateral
forces necessary for balancing and turning, and generate the longitudinal
forces necessary for propulsion and braking. They are the second largest
source, after air drag, of power consumption on a level road. The modern
detachable pneumatic bicycle tire contributed to the popularity and eventual
dominance of the safety bicycle.

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HANDLE BAR- the controlling control for bikes; it is what might as well be
called a guiding wheel for vehicles and vessels. Other than directing,
handlebars likewise regularly bolster a segment of the rider's weight,
contingent upon their riding position, and give a helpful mounting spot to
brake levers, move levers, cyclocomputers, ringers, and so on. Handlebars
are connected to a bicycle's stem which thusly joins to the fork.

III. Processes of Making a Bicycle

A modern bicycle by definition is a rider-powered vehicle with two

wheels in tandem, powered by the rider turning pedals connected to
the rear wheel by a chain, and having handlebars for steering and a
saddle-like seat for the rider. With that definition in mind, let's look at
the history of early bicycles and the developments that led up to the
modern bicycle.

Up until a few years ago, most historians felt that Pierre and Ernest
Michaux, the French father and son team of carriage-makers, invented
the first bicycle during the 1860s.

Historians now disagree since there is evidence that the bicycle and
bicycle like vehicles are older than that. Historians do agree that
Ernest Michaux did invent a bicycle with pedal and rotary cranks in
1861. However, they disagree if Michaux made the very first bike
with pedals.

Another fallacy in bicycle history is that Leonardo DaVinci sketched a

design for a very modern looking bicycle in 1490. This has been
proven to be untrue.

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 IV. REFERENCES

http://www.bicyclesource.com/bicycling_glossary

http://www.bicyclesource.com/bicycling_glossary

http://www.bicycleideaseasily.com/bicycle-ideas/

https://cyclingtips.com/2012/05/whats-in-a-fork/

https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-bicycle-1991341

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